Dulle Griet (canon)

Dulle Griet
Image illustrative de l'article Dulle Griet (canon)
Le Dulle Griet à Gand.
Caractéristiques de service
Type Bombarde
Service Première moitié du XVe siècle
Utilisateurs Gand, Drapeau du Saint-Empire Saint-Empire romain germanique
Caractéristiques générales
Poids du canon seul 16,4 t
Longueur du canon seul 3,45 m
Longueur du canon et de l'affût 4,98 m
Calibre 66 cm
Munitions Boulet en pierre de 340 kg et de 64 cm de diamètre

Le Dulle Griet (« Margot la folle », du nom d'une figure du folklore flamand Dulle Griet) est un super canon médiéval gantois.

Du fait de sa couleur originale rouge, le canon était aussi surnommé groten rooden duyvele soit Grand Diable rouge.

Historique

La bombarde en fer forgé a été construite dans la première moitié du XVe siècle à partir de 32 barres longitudinales cerclées par 61 anneaux[1]. En 1452, la bombarde fut mise en œuvre pendant la guerre de Cent Ans par la ville de Gand lors du siège d'Audenarde, mais tomba dans les mains des défenseurs lors de la retraite et ne fut récupérée par la ville de Gand qu'en 1578[2].

Aujourd'hui, la bombarde est placée à proximité de la place du marché du vendredi dans la vieille ville de Gand, en Belgique.

Canons alsaciens

Parmi les canons alsaciens[3] : l’Autruche (Strüss von Strassburg), la Kättelerli des troupes de la Régence d’Ensisheim, le Roraff, la Meise (Mésange).

Autres super-canons

Un certain nombre de super-canons européens du XVe siècle sont connus pour avoir été utilisés principalement dans la guerre de siège, dont le Pumhart von Steyr[4] et le Mons Meg en fer forgé ainsi que Faule Mette, Faule Grete et Grose Bochse, tous trois en bronze coulé.

Références

  1. Schmidtchen 1977, p. 165
  2. Schmidtchen 1977, p. 166
  3. « Artillerie », sur bnu.fr (consulté le ).
  4. Musée d'histoire militaire de Vienne

Annexes

Bibliographie

  • (de) Volker Schmidtchen, « Riesengeschütze des 15. Jahrhunderts. Technische Höchstleistungen ihrer Zeit », Technikgeschichte, vol. 44, no 2,‎ , p. 153-173

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