Disulfure de sodium

Disulfure de sodium
Image illustrative de l’article Disulfure de sodium
Maille cristalline du disulfure de sodium.
Identification
Nom UICPA Disulfure de sodium
Synonymes

Disulfure de disodium

No CAS 22868-13-9
No ECHA 100.041.142
No CE 245-272-3
PubChem 89870
SMILES
InChI
Apparence Solide cristallisé légèrement jaune, noircissant sous l'action de la chaleur. Aiguilles de couleur crème (hexahydrate).
Propriétés chimiques
Formule Na2S2  [Isomères]
Masse molaire[1] 110,11 ± 0,01 g/mol
Na 41,76 %, S 58,24 %,
Propriétés physiques
fusion 495 °C
Solubilité Fortement soluble dans l'eau, soluble dans l'éthanol.
Masse volumique 2,01 kg/l
Composés apparentés
Autres composés

Sulfure de sodium, pyrite


Unités du SI et CNTP, sauf indication contraire.

Le disulfure de sodium, ou disulfure de disodium, est un composé chimique obtenu au laboratoire, de formule Na2S2. Il peut lui-même être utilisé pour la synthèse de disulfures organiques et pour la réduction sélective des fonctions nitro.

Le disulfure de sodium peut être préparé de différentes façons mais sa synthèse est délicate à réaliser, et il est souvent produit sous la forme d'un mélange avec d'autres polysulfures comme Na2S4 et Na2S5.

Synthèse

Les méthodes de synthèse les plus courantes sont la réduction du soufre par le sodium dans l'ammoniac liquéfié[2], la réaction du soufre et du sodium à 500 °C sous vide[3] et le chauffage de Na2S4 dans l'éthanol absolu en présence de sodium sous atmosphère inerte. Il peut aussi être formé en petites quantités in situ en chauffant une solution aqueuse ou alcoolique de sulfure de sodium Na2S en présence de soufre élémentaire[4].

Notes et références

  1. Masse molaire calculée d’après « Atomic weights of the elements 2007 », sur www.chem.qmul.ac.uk.
  2. (en) Ralf Steudel, Elemental Sulfur and Sulfur-Rich Compounds II, Springer, (ISBN 978-3-540-44951-5, lire en ligne), p. 131
  3. (en) Ralf Steudel, Chemistry of the Non-Metals: Syntheses - Structures - Bonding - Applications, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, (ISBN 978-3-11-057806-5, lire en ligne), p. 551
  4. (en) Jacek Młochowski et Ludwik Syper, « Sodium Disulfide », dans Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, (ISBN 978-0-471-93623-7, DOI 10.1002/047084289x.rs067, lire en ligne)

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