Le célastrol (triptérine) est un composé organique isolé des extraits de racine de Tripterygium wilfordii (vigne du dieu du tonnerre) et de Tripterygium regelii. Le célastrol est une quinone nortriterpénique pentacyclique et appartient à la famille des méthides de quinone. Chez la souris, le célastrol est un agoniste du NR4A1 qui atténue l'inflammation et induit l'autophagie[1]. Chez la souris également, le célastrol augmente l'expression de l'IL1R1, qui est le récepteur de la cytokine interleukine-1 (IL-1). Les souris knock-out IL1R1 exposées au célastrol ne présentent aucun effet sensibilisant à la leptine ni d'effet anti-obésité[2].
Le célastrol inhibe la voie de signalisation IKK-NF-κB via de multiples cibles moléculaires : inhibition directe des IKKα et β kinases, inactivation de CDC37 et de p23, qui sont des protéines chaperonnes HSP90, inhibition des protéasomes et activation de HSF1, qui déclenche la réponse au choc thermique. Les preuves disponibles indiquent que le célastrol se lie de manière covalente aux groupes thiol des résidus de cystéine dans ses cibles moléculaires[19].
↑« The Orphan Nuclear Receptor 4A1: A Potential New Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Diseases », J. Diabetes Res., vol. 2018, , p. 9363461 (PMID30013988, PMCID6022324, DOI10.1155/2018/9363461).
↑« Antimicrobial Activity and Mode of Action of Celastrol, a Nortriterpen Quinone Isolated from Natural Sources », Foods, vol. 10, no 3, , p. 591 (PMID33799720, PMCID7998816, DOI10.3390/foods10030591).
↑« Celastrol, a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug, as a possible treatment for Alzheimer's disease », Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, vol. 25, no 7, , p. 1341–57 (PMID11513350, DOI10.1016/S0278-5846(01)00192-0, S2CID21569585)
↑« Suppression of inflammatory responses by celastrol, a quinone methide triterpenoid isolated from Celastrus regelii », European Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 39, no 9, , p. 819–27 (PMID19549173, DOI10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02186.x, S2CID205291261)
↑« Celastrus-derived celastrol suppresses autoimmune arthritis by modulating antigen-induced cellular and humoral effector responses », The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 286, no 17, , p. 15138–46 (PMID21402700, PMCID3083183, DOI10.1074/jbc.M111.226365)
↑Chan-Juan Zhang, Neng Zhu, Yu-Xiang Wang et Le-Ping Liu, « Celastrol Attenuates Lipid Accumulation and Stemness of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via CAV-1/LOX-1 Pathway », Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 12, , p. 658092 (ISSN1663-9812, PMID33935779, PMCID8085775, DOI10.3389/fphar.2021.658092, lire en ligne, consulté le )
↑« Celastrol-induced degradation of FANCD2 sensitizes pediatric high-grade gliomas to the DNA-crosslinking agent carboplatin », EBioMedicine, vol. 50, , p. 81–92 (PMID31735550, PMCID6921187, DOI10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.062)
↑« Enhancement of radiation sensitivity in lung cancer cells by celastrol is mediated by inhibition of Hsp90 », International Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. 27, no 3, , p. 441–6 (PMID21249311, DOI10.3892/ijmm.2011.601)
↑« Identification of a potent natural triterpenoid inhibitor of proteosome chymotrypsin-like activity and NF-kappaB with antimyeloma activity in vitro and in vivo », Blood, vol. 113, no 17, , p. 4027–37 (PMID19096011, PMCID3952546, DOI10.1182/blood-2008-09-179796)
↑« Celastrol acts as a potent antimetastatic agent targeting beta1 integrin and inhibiting cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, in part via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway », The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, vol. 334, no 2, , p. 489–99 (PMID20472666, DOI10.1124/jpet.110.165654, S2CID25854329)
↑« Reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of Bax and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 is required for mitochondrial cell death induced by triterpenoid pristimerin in human cervical cancer cells », Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 76, no 4, , p. 734–44 (PMID19574249, DOI10.1124/mol.109.056259, S2CID6541041)
↑« Insecticidal activity of Maytenus species (Celastraceae) nortriterpene quinone methides against codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: tortricidae) », Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 48, no 1, , p. 88–92 (PMID10637057, DOI10.1021/jf990008w)
↑« Celastrol-Induced Weight Loss Is Driven by Hypophagia and Independent From UCP1 », Diabetes, vol. 67, no 11, , p. 2456–2465 (PMID30158241, DOI10.2337/db18-0146)
↑« Inhibition of NF-κB activation through targeting IκB kinase by celastrol, a quinone methide triterpenoid », Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 72, no 10, , p. 1311–1321 (PMID16984800, DOI10.1016/j.bcp.2006.08.014)