Motor vehicle automatic transmission models
For the heavy-duty 5 speed automatic transmission, see
ZF Ecomat .
Motor vehicle
5HP is ZF Friedrichshafen AG 's trademark name for its 5-speed automatic transmission models (5 -speed transmission with H ydraulic converter and P lanetary gearsets) for longitudinal engine applications, designed and built by ZF 's subsidiary in Saarbrücken .
Gear Ratios[ a]
Gear
Model
R
1
2
3
4
5
Total Span
Span Center
Avg. Step
Compo- nents
5HP 18 · 1990 5HP 19 · 1997
−4.096
3.665
1.995
1.407
1.000
0.742
4.936
1.650
1.491
3 Gearsets 3 Brakes 4 Clutches
5HP 30 · 1992
−3.684
3.553
2.244
1.545
1.000
0.787
4.517
1.672
1.458
3 Gearsets 3 Brakes 3 Clutches
5HP 24 · 1996
−4.095
3.571
2.200
1.505
1.000
0.804
4.444
1.694
1.452
^ Differences in gear ratios have a measurable, direct impact on vehicle dynamics, performance, waste emissions as well as fuel mileage
Specifications
Final Conventionally Designed Gearbox
With planetary gearboxes, the number of gears can be increased conventionally by adding additional gearsets as well as brakes and clutches, or conceptually by switching from serial to parallel power flow. The conceptual way requires a computer-aided design.
The 5HP is the last transmission family with serial power flow: to provide more gears, components were added. This makes these transmissions larger, heavier and even more expensive to manufacture. As the presence of 10 main components (together with brakes and clutches) in the Ravigneaux gearbox types shows, this meant the end of the conventional gearbox design. The approach of the all new Lepelletier gear mechanism from the later 6HP-family , requiring only 8 main components for 6 gears, reflects the progress that this new paradigm represented.
1990: 5HP 18 · 1997: 5HP 19 · Ravigneaux Planetary Gearset Types
Gear Ratios
With Assessment
Planetary Gearset: Teeth[ a]
Count
Total[ b] Center[ c]
Avg.[ d]
Ravigneaux
Simple
Model Type
Version First Delivery
S1 [ e] R1 [ f]
S2 [ g] R2 [ h]
S3 [ i] R3 [ j]
Brakes Clutches
Ratio Span
Gear Step[ k]
Gear Ratio
R
i
R
{\displaystyle {i_{R}}}
1
i
1
{\displaystyle {i_{1}}}
2
i
2
{\displaystyle {i_{2}}}
3
i
3
{\displaystyle {i_{3}}}
4
i
4
{\displaystyle {i_{4}}}
5
i
5
{\displaystyle {i_{5}}}
6
i
6
{\displaystyle {i_{6}}}
Step[ k]
−
i
R
i
1
{\displaystyle -{\tfrac {i_{R}}{i_{1}}}}
[ l]
i
1
i
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}}
i
1
i
2
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}}
[ m]
i
2
i
3
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}}
i
3
i
4
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}}
i
4
i
5
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}}
i
5
i
6
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}}
Δ Step[ n] [ o]
i
1
i
2
:
i
2
i
3
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}:{\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}}
i
2
i
3
:
i
3
i
4
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}:{\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}}
i
3
i
4
:
i
4
i
5
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}:{\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}}
i
4
i
5
:
i
5
i
6
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}:{\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}}
Shaft Speed
i
1
i
R
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}}
i
1
i
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}}
i
1
i
2
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}}
i
1
i
3
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}}
i
1
i
4
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}}
i
1
i
5
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}}
i
1
i
6
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}}
Δ Shaft Speed[ p]
0
−
i
1
i
R
{\displaystyle 0-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}}
i
1
i
1
−
0
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}-0}
i
1
i
2
−
i
1
i
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}}
i
1
i
3
−
i
1
i
2
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}}
i
1
i
4
−
i
1
i
3
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}}
i
1
i
5
−
i
1
i
4
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}}
i
1
i
6
−
i
1
i
5
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}}
5HP 18
310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft ) 1990
3834 [ q]
34 98
32 76
3 4
4.9363 1.6495
1.4906 [ k]
Gear Ratio
−4.0960[ l]
−
1
,
323
323
{\displaystyle -{\tfrac {1,323}{323}}}
3.6648
1
,
323
361
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,323}{361}}}
1.9990 [ m]
7
,
938
3
,
971
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {7,938}{3,971}}}
1.4067 [ k] [ o] [ p]
294
209
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {294}{209}}}
1.0000
1
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.7424
49
66
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {49}{66}}}
Step
1.1176 [ l]
1.0000
1.8333 [ m]
1.4211 [ k]
1.4067
1.3469
Δ Step[ n]
1.2901
1.0102 [ o]
1.0444
Speed
-0.8947
1.0000
1.8333
2.6053
3.6648
4.9363
Δ Speed
0.8947
1.0000
0.8333
0.7719 [ p]
1.0596
1.2715
5HP 19
325 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft ) 1997
3834 [ q]
34 98
32 76
3 4
4.9363 1.6495
1.4906 [ k]
Ratio
−4.0960[ l]
3.6648
1.9990 [ m]
1.4067 [ k] [ o] [ p]
1.0000
0.7424
Ratio R & Even
−
R
2
(
S
3
+
R
3
)
S
2
R
3
{\displaystyle -{\tfrac {R_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})}{S_{2}R_{3}}}}
R
2
(
S
1
+
R
1
)
(
S
3
+
R
3
)
S
1
R
3
(
S
2
+
R
2
)
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {R_{2}(S_{1}+R_{1})(S_{3}+R_{3})}{S_{1}R_{3}(S_{2}+R_{2})}}}
1
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
Ratio Odd
R
1
R
2
(
S
3
+
R
3
)
S
1
S
2
R
3
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {R_{1}R_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})}{S_{1}S_{2}R_{3}}}}
R
2
(
S
1
+
R
1
)
S
1
(
S
2
+
R
2
)
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {R_{2}(S_{1}+R_{1})}{S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})}}}
R
2
S
2
+
R
2
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {R_{2}}{S_{2}+R_{2}}}}
Algebra And Actuated Shift Elements
Brake A[ r]
❶
❶
❶
Brake B[ s]
❶
❶
Brake C[ t]
❶
❶
❶
Clutch D[ u]
❶
❶
❶
❶
Clutch E[ v]
❶
Clutch F[ w]
❶
❶
Clutch G[ x]
❶
❶
❶
Lepelletier Gear Mechanism
Simple
Ravigneaux
6HP [ y]
600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft ) 2000
37 71
3138
38 85
2 3
6.0354 1.6977
1.4327[ k]
Gear Ratio
−3.4025[ l]
−
4
,
590
1
,
349
{\displaystyle -{\tfrac {4,590}{1,349}}}
4.1708
9
,
180
2
,
201
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {9,180}{2,201}}}
2.3397 [ m]
211
,
140
90
,
241
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {211,140}{90,241}}}
1.5211
108
71
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {108}{71}}}
1.1428[ o] [ p]
9
,
180
8
,
033
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {9,180}{8,033}}}
0.8672
4
,
590
5
,
293
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {4,590}{5,293}}}
0.6911
85
123
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {85}{123}}}
Step
0.8158 [ l]
1.0000
1.7826 [ m]
1.5382
1.3311
1.3178
1.2549
Δ Step[ n]
1.1589
1.1559
1.0101 [ o]
1.0502
Speed
–1.2258
1.0000
1.7826
2.7419
3.6497
4.8096
6.0354
Δ Speed
1.2258
1.0000
0.7826
0.9593
0.9078 [ p]
1.1599
1.2258
^ Layout
Input and output are on opposite sides
Planetary gearset 2 (the outer Ravigneaux gearset) is on the input (turbine) side
Input shafts are, if actuated, S1 , C1 /C2 (the combined carrier of the compound Ravigneaux gearset 1 + 2), and R1 /S2
Output shaft is C3 (the carrier of gearset 3)
^ Total Ratio Span (Total Ratio Spread · Total Gear Ratio)
i
n
i
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}}}
A wider span enables the
downspeeding when driving outside the city limits
increase the climbing ability
when driving over mountain passes or off-road
or when towing a trailer
^ Ratio Span's Center
(
i
n
i
1
)
1
2
{\displaystyle (i_{n}i_{1})^{\tfrac {1}{2}}}
The center indicates the speed level of the transmission
Together with the final drive ratio
it gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle
^ Average Gear Step
(
i
n
i
1
)
1
n
−
1
{\displaystyle ({\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}})^{\tfrac {1}{n-1}}}
With decreasing step width
the gears connect better to each other
shifting comfort increases
^ Sun 1: sun gear of gearset 1: inner Ravigneaux gearset
^ Ring 1: ring gear of gearset 1: inner Ravigneaux gearset
^ Sun 2: sun gear of gearset 2: outer Ravigneaux gearset
^ Ring 2: ring gear of gearset 2: outer Ravigneaux gearset
^ Sun 3: sun gear of gearset 3
^ Ring 3: ring gear of gearset 3
^ a b c d e f g h Standard 50:50 — 50 % Is Above And 50 % Is Below The Average Gear Step —
With steadily decreasing gear steps (yellow highlighted line Step )
and a particularly large step from 1st to 2nd gear
the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first 2) is always larger
and the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last 2) is always smaller
than the average gear step (cell highlighted yellow two rows above on the far right)
lower half: smaller gear steps are a waste of possible ratios (red bold)
upper half: larger gear steps are unsatisfactory (red bold)
^ a b c d e f Standard R:1 — Reverse And 1st Gear Have The Same Ratio —
The ideal reverse gear has the same transmission ratio as 1st gear
no impairment when maneuvering
especially when towing a trailer
a torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency
Plus 11.11 % minus 10 % compared to 1st gear is good
Plus 25 % minus 20 % is acceptable (red)
Above this is unsatisfactory (bold)
^ a b c d e f Standard 1:2 — Gear Step 1st To 2nd Gear As Small As Possible —
With continuously decreasing gear steps (yellow marked line Step )
the largest gear step is the one from 1st to 2nd gear, which
for a good speed connection and
a smooth gear shift
must be as small as possible
A gear ratio of up to 1.6667:1 (5:3) is good
Up to 1.7500:1 (7:4) is acceptable (red)
Above is unsatisfactory (bold)
^ a b c From large to small gears (from right to left)
^ a b c d e f Standard STEP — From Large To Small Gears: Steady And Progressive Increase In Gear Steps —
Gear steps should
increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step ) is always greater than 1
As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step
Not progressively increasing is acceptable (red)
Not increasing is unsatisfactory (bold)
^ a b c d e f Standard SPEED — From Small To Large Gears: Steady Increase In Shaft Speed Difference —
Shaft speed differences should
increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed ) is always greater than the previous one
1 difference smaller than the previous one is acceptable (red)
2 consecutive ones are a waste of possible ratios (bold)
^ a b inner and outer sun gears of the Ravigneaux planetary gearset are inverted
^ Blocks R1 (ring gear of the inner Ravigneaux gearset) and S2 (sun gear of the outer Ravigneaux gearset)
^ Blocks C1 and C2 (the common Ravigneaux carrier 1 + 2)
^ Blocks S3
^ Connects S1 (the sun of the inner Ravigneaux gearset) with the turbine
^ Couples R1 (the ring gear of the inner Ravigneaux gearset) and S2 (the sun gear of the outer Ravigneaux gearset) with the turbine
^ Connects C1 and C2 (the common Ravigneaux carrier 1 + 2) with the turbine
^ Couples S3 with R3
^ To reflect the progress, the Lepelletier gear mechanism means both technically and in terms of manufacturing effort. The 6HP-transmission is the first one to use this intriguing gear mechanism
1992: 5HP 30 · 1996: 5HP 24 · Simpson Planetary Gearset Types
Gear Ratios
With Assessment
Planetary Gearset: Teeth[ a]
Count
Total[ b] Center[ c]
Avg.[ d]
Simpson
Simple
Model Type
Version First Delivery
S1 [ e] R1 [ f]
S2 [ g] R2 [ h]
S3 [ i] R3 [ j]
Brakes Clutches
Ratio Span
Gear Step[ k]
Gear Ratio
R
i
R
{\displaystyle {i_{R}}}
1
i
1
{\displaystyle {i_{1}}}
2
i
2
{\displaystyle {i_{2}}}
3
i
3
{\displaystyle {i_{3}}}
4
i
4
{\displaystyle {i_{4}}}
5
i
5
{\displaystyle {i_{5}}}
6
i
6
{\displaystyle {i_{6}}}
Step[ k]
−
i
R
i
1
{\displaystyle -{\tfrac {i_{R}}{i_{1}}}}
[ l]
i
1
i
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}}
i
1
i
2
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}}
[ m]
i
2
i
3
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}}
i
3
i
4
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}}
i
4
i
5
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}}
i
5
i
6
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}}
Δ Step[ n] [ o]
i
1
i
2
:
i
2
i
3
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}:{\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}}
i
2
i
3
:
i
3
i
4
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}:{\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}}
i
3
i
4
:
i
4
i
5
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}:{\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}}
i
4
i
5
:
i
5
i
6
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}:{\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}}
Shaft Speed
i
1
i
R
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}}
i
1
i
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}}
i
1
i
2
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}}
i
1
i
3
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}}
i
1
i
4
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}}
i
1
i
5
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}}
i
1
i
6
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}}
Δ Shaft Speed[ p]
0
−
i
1
i
R
{\displaystyle 0-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}}
i
1
i
1
−
0
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}-0}
i
1
i
2
−
i
1
i
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}}
i
1
i
3
−
i
1
i
2
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}}
i
1
i
4
−
i
1
i
3
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}}
i
1
i
5
−
i
1
i
4
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}}
i
1
i
6
−
i
1
i
5
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}}
5HP 30
560 N⋅m (413 lb⋅ft ) 1992
40 100
32 108
38 97
3 3
4.5169 1.6716
1.4578 [ k]
Gear Ratio
−3.6842
−
70
19
{\displaystyle -{\tfrac {70}{19}}}
3.5526
135
38
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {135}{38}}}
2.2436
175
78
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {175}{78}}}
1.5449 [ k] [ o]
275
178
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {275}{178}}}
1.0000 [ k]
1
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.7865[ p]
70
89
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {70}{89}}}
Step
1.0370
1.0000
1.5835
1.4522 [ k]
1.5449 [ k]
1.2714
Δ Step[ n]
1.0904
0.9400 [ o]
1.2151
Speed
-0.9643
1.0000
1.5835
2.2995
3.5526
4.5169
Δ Speed
0.9643
1.0000
0.5835
0.7161
1.2531
0.9643 [ p]
5HP 24
440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft ) 1996
36 93
32 100
35 90
3 3
4.4435 1.6943
1.4519 [ k]
Gear Ratio
−4.0952[ l]
−
86
21
{\displaystyle -{\tfrac {86}{21}}}
3.5714
25
7
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {25}{7}}}
2.2000
11
5
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {11}{5}}}
1.5047 [ o]
161
107
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {161}{107}}}
1.0000 [ k]
1
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.8037[ p]
86
107
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {86}{107}}}
Step
1.1467 [ l]
1.0000
1.6234
1.4621
1.5047 [ k]
1.2419
Δ Step[ n]
1.1103
0.9717 [ o]
1.2094
Speed
-0.8721
1.0000
1.6234
2.3736
3.5714
4.4435
Δ Speed
0.8721
1.0000
0.6234
0.7502
1.1979
0.8721 [ p]
Ratio R & Even
−
S
2
(
S
1
+
R
1
)
(
S
3
+
R
3
)
S
1
R
2
S
3
{\displaystyle -{\tfrac {S_{2}(S_{1}+R_{1})(S_{3}+R_{3})}{S_{1}R_{2}S_{3}}}}
(
S
2
+
R
2
)
(
S
3
+
R
3
)
S
2
R
3
+
S
3
(
S
2
+
R
2
)
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {(S_{2}+R_{2})(S_{3}+R_{3})}{S_{2}R_{3}+S_{3}(S_{2}+R_{2})}}}
1
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
Ratio Odd
S
3
+
R
3
S
3
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {S_{3}+R_{3}}{S_{3}}}}
(
S
1
(
S
2
+
R
2
)
+
R
1
S
2
)
(
S
3
+
R
3
)
S
2
(
S
1
+
R
1
)
(
S
3
+
R
3
)
+
S
1
R
2
S
3
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {(S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})+R_{1}S_{2})(S_{3}+R_{3})}{S_{2}(S_{1}+R_{1})(S_{3}+R_{3})+S_{1}R_{2}S_{3}}}}
S
2
(
S
1
+
R
1
)
(
S
3
+
R
3
)
S
2
(
S
1
+
R
1
)
(
S
3
+
R
3
)
+
S
1
R
2
S
3
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {S_{2}(S_{1}+R_{1})(S_{3}+R_{3})}{S_{2}(S_{1}+R_{1})(S_{3}+R_{3})+S_{1}R_{2}S_{3}}}}
Algebra And Actuated Shift Elements
Brake A[ q]
❶
❶
Brake B[ r]
❶
Brake C[ s]
❶
❶
Clutch D[ t]
❶
❶
❶
❶
Clutch E[ u]
❶
❶
Clutch F[ v]
❶
Lepelletier Gear Mechanism
Simple
Ravigneaux
6HP [ w]
600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft ) 2000
37 71
3138
38 85
2 3
6.0354 1.6977
1.4327[ k]
Gear Ratio
−3.4025[ l]
−
4
,
590
1
,
349
{\displaystyle -{\tfrac {4,590}{1,349}}}
4.1708
9
,
180
2
,
201
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {9,180}{2,201}}}
2.3397 [ m]
211
,
140
90
,
241
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {211,140}{90,241}}}
1.5211
108
71
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {108}{71}}}
1.1428[ o] [ p]
9
,
180
8
,
033
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {9,180}{8,033}}}
0.8672
4
,
590
5
,
293
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {4,590}{5,293}}}
0.6911
85
123
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {85}{123}}}
Step
0.8158 [ l]
1.0000
1.7826 [ m]
1.5382
1.3311
1.3178
1.2549
Δ Step[ n]
1.1589
1.1559
1.0101 [ o]
1.0502
Speed
–1.2258
1.0000
1.7826
2.7419
3.6497
4.8096
6.0354
Δ Speed
1.2258
1.0000
0.7826
0.9593
0.9078 [ p]
1.1599
1.2258
^ Layout
Input and output are on opposite sides
Planetary gearset 1 is on the input (turbine) side
Input shafts are, if actuated, S1 , C2 , S3 , and R1
Output shaft is C3 (the carrier of gearset 3)
^ Total Ratio Span (Total Ratio Spread · Total Gear Ratio)
i
n
i
1
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}}}
A wider span enables the
downspeeding when driving outside the city limits
increase the climbing ability
when driving over mountain passes or off-road
or when towing a trailer
^ Ratio Span's Center
(
i
n
i
1
)
1
2
{\displaystyle (i_{n}i_{1})^{\tfrac {1}{2}}}
The center indicates the speed level of the transmission
Together with the final drive ratio
it gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle
^ Average Gear Step
(
i
n
i
1
)
1
n
−
1
{\displaystyle ({\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}})^{\tfrac {1}{n-1}}}
With decreasing step width
the gears connect better to each other
shifting comfort increases
^ Sun 1: sun gear of gearset 1
^ Ring 1: ring gear of gearset 1
^ Sun 2: sun gear of gearset 2
^ Ring 2: ring gear of gearset 2
^ Sun 3: sun gear of gearset 3
^ Ring 3: ring gear of gearset 3
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Standard 50:50 — 50 % Is Above And 50 % Is Below The Average Gear Step —
With steadily decreasing gear steps (yellow highlighted line Step )
and a particularly large step from 1st to 2nd gear
the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first 2) is always larger
and the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last 2) is always smaller
than the average gear step (cell highlighted yellow two rows above on the far right)
lower half: smaller gear steps are a waste of possible ratios (red bold)
upper half: larger gear steps are unsatisfactory (red bold)
^ a b c d e Standard R:1 — Reverse And 1st Gear Have The Same Ratio —
The ideal reverse gear has the same transmission ratio as 1st gear
no impairment when maneuvering
especially when towing a trailer
a torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency
Plus 11.11 % minus 10 % compared to 1st gear is good
Plus 25 % minus 20 % is acceptable (red)
Above this is unsatisfactory (bold)
^ a b c Standard 1:2 — Gear Step 1st To 2nd Gear As Small As Possible —
With continuously decreasing gear steps (yellow marked line Step )
the largest gear step is the one from 1st to 2nd gear, which
for a good speed connection and
a smooth gear shift
must be as small as possible
A gear ratio of up to 1.6667:1 (5:3) is good
Up to 1.7500:1 (7:4) is acceptable (red)
Above is unsatisfactory (bold)
^ a b c d From large to small gears (from right to left)
^ a b c d e f g Standard STEP — From Large To Small Gears: Steady And Progressive Increase In Gear Steps —
Gear steps should
increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step ) is always greater than 1
As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step
Not progressively increasing is acceptable (red)
Not increasing is unsatisfactory (bold)
^ a b c d e f g Standard SPEED — From Small To Large Gears: Steady Increase In Shaft Speed Difference —
Shaft speed differences should
increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed ) is always greater than the previous one
1 difference smaller than the previous one is acceptable (red)
2 consecutive ones are a waste of possible ratios (bold)
^ Blocks S1
^ Blocks C1 (the carrier of gearset 1)
^ Blocks R3
^ Connects S2 and S3 with the turbine
^ Connects R1 with the turbine
^ Connects C1 with the turbine
^ To reflect the progress, the Lepelletier gear mechanism means both technically and in terms of manufacturing effort. The 6HP-transmission is the first one to use this intriguing gear mechanism
Applications
1990: 5HP 18 · 1997: 5HP 19 · Ravigneaux Planetary Gearset Types
5HP 18
Introduced in MY 1991 on the BMW E36 320i/325i and E34 5 Series.
Input torque maximum is 310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft )
Weight: ~75 kg (165 lb )
Oil capacity: ~10.5 L (11.1 US qt )
Applications [ 1]
5HP 19
Applications [ 1]
BMW — longitudinal engine , rear wheel drive
5HP 19FL
Applications [ 1]
Volkswagen Group — longitudinal engine transaxle , front-wheel drive
5HP 19FLA
Applications [ 1]
Volkswagen Group — longitudinal engine , transaxle permanent four-wheel drive
1999 (DRN/EKX) transmissions used Induction speed sensors and 2000+ (FAS) transmissions used Hall Effect sensors. These transmissions are mechanically the same, but are not interchangeable.
5HP 19HL
Applications [ 1]
Porsche — longitudinal engine rear engine transaxle
5HP 19HLA
Applications [ 1]
Porsche — longitudinal engine rear engine transaxle
Porsche — mid-engine design flat-six engine , 5-speed tiptronic #1060, rear-wheel drive A87.01-xxx, A87.02-xxx, A87.21-xxx , [5HP19FL Valve Body, Solenoids, and Speed Sensor. Different Wiring Harness.] [Speed Sensor/Pulser part # ZF 0501314432]
1997-2004 Porsche Boxster 986 2.5 6-cyl
1997-2004 Porsche Boxster 986 2.7 6-cyl
1997-2004 Porsche Boxster 986 3.2 6-cyl
2005–2008 Porsche Boxster 987 2.7 6-cyl
2005–2008 Porsche Boxster S 987 3.4 6-cyl
2005–2008 Porsche Cayman 987 2.7 6-cyl
2005–2008 Porsche Cayman S 987 3.4 6-cyl
1992: 5HP 30 · 1996: 5HP 24 · Simpson Planetary Gearset Types
5HP 30
Applications [ 1]
5HP 24
Applications [ 1]
5HP 24A
Applications [ 1]
See also
References