Yusuf Yasin

Yusuf Yasin
Born	1888 Latakia, Syria
Died	19 April 1962 (aged 73–74) Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Nationality	Saudi Arabian
Alma mater	University of Jerusalem
Occupations	Journalist Royal adviser
Years active	1920s–1958
Children	8

Yusuf Yasin (also known as Yousuf Yassin; Arabic: يوسف ياسين; 1888 – 19 April 1962) was a Syrian journalist and politician who served in various capacities during the reign of King Abdulaziz and King Saud.[1] He was among the advisers of King Abdulaziz who were employed to improve the decision-making process of the state.[2] Yasin performed several roles in the Saudi government until his death in 1962.

Early life and education

Yusuf Yasin was born in Latakia, Syria, in 1888.[1][3] His parents were Fatima bint Abdullah Jamal and Shaikh Mohammad Yasin, and his grandfather was Ali Al Masri, probably an Egyptian immigrant to Syria.[4]

Following religious education in Latakia Yasin graduated from the University of Jerusalem in 1911.[4] He was also educated in Cairo where one of his tutors was Rashid Rida.[5]

Career and activities

Yasin worked as a teacher in Jerusalem in the Ottoman period and supported the pan-Arab views during World War I.[6] He served in the court of Amir Faisal, son of Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz between 1917 and 1918.[6] In 1920 Yasin began to work for Hussein bin Ali in Mecca who sent him to his another son Abdullah, Amir of Transjordan.[6] However, he left Abdullah's service just six months after his appointment.[6] Yasin cofounded a weekly nationalist newspaper in Jerusalem in 1921.[7] His business associate was Mohammad Kamil Al Budari, and their paper was entitled Al Sabah.[7]

Yasin left Syria due to the French occupation of the region due to his strong adherence to the independence of Syria and was part of a group called the Istiqlali network which also included another journalist Khayr al-Din al-Zirikli.[5] Yasin began to work for the House of Saud in 1923 or in 1924.[4][8] Shukri Al Quwatli, future president of Syria, was instrumental in Yasin's new career.[9][10] Yasin intended to work as a teacher for the sons of King Abdulaziz.[8] He first became the head of the political section of the royal court and private secretary to the King.[11]

Yasin contributed to the establishment of a weekly paper in Mecca, Umm Al Qura, in 1924 of which he became the first editor-in-chief.[4][5][12] The paper soon functioned as the official gazette of the country.[13] He was made the political secretary of King Abdulaziz in 1926 and then, appointed an adviser to him in the 1930s.[4] He was also head of the press bureau and accompanied the king in his meeting with Amir Faisal, King of Iraq, in February 1930.[14]

Yasin became a Saudi citizen on 29 December 1930.[4] He suggested the addition of the phrase al-Sa’udiyyah to the name of the country, Al-Mamlakah al-'Arabiyyah al-Sa’udiyyah, known as Saudi Arabia, in 1932.[3] In 1937 he was part of the Saudi delegation who visited London to attend the coronation of King George VI.[15] The same year while officially visiting Baghdad, Iraq, upon the request of King Abdulaziz Yasin attempted to contact with a German arms company owned by Otto Wolff to buy rifles.[16] There Yasin also met with Fritz Grobba, Nazi Germany's ambassador to Iraq.[17]

Yasin signed the extradition treaty between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia on behalf of the latter that established the Saudi–Kuwaiti neutral zone in 1942.[11] The same year Yasin was the Saudi Arabian representative at the Arab League meeting in Alexandria, Kingdom of Egypt.[6] He accompanied King Abdulaziz in his meeting with Franklin D. Roosevelt on 14 February 1945.[18] Yasin signed a treaty of amity on behalf of Saudi Arabia with the Republic of China on 15 November 1946.[19]

Yasin replaced Fuad Hamza as deputy foreign minister in 1951 when Hamza died.[6][20] Between 1952 and 1955 Yasin was responsible for Saudi activities in the Buraimi Oasis and was a member of the Buraimi Arbitration Tribunal.[21][22] Following the death of King Abdulaziz, Yasin served as the state minister and the advisor to King Saud, successor of the king.[23][24] It was Yusuf Yasin who made an inauguration speech at the meeting of the council of ministers in the Murabba Palace on 7 March 1954.[24] Yasin was removed from the post of deputy foreign minister by Crown Prince Faisal on 15 May 1958.[25] Yasin's role as an aide to King Saud continued until his death in April 1962.[26]

Views

Yasin had a pan-Arab stance,[27] and one of his close companions was Rashid Rida, founder and editor of an influential conservative Egyptian publication, Al Manar.[28] As mentioned above Rida was one of Yasin's teachers.[29] Yasin was a major opponent of the close relations between Saudi Arabia and the United States,[30] and also, had an anti-British approaches.

Personal life and death

Yasin married twice and had eight children, five sons and three daughters.[4] One of his sons, Anas Yasin, was Saudi ambassador to the United Nations, India, and Turkey.[4] His other son, Hassan Yasin, was the advisor to the former Saudi foreign minister Saud bin Faisal Al Saud.[4]

Yusuf Yasin died of cardiac arrest in Dhahran on 19 April 1962.[4][31] However, an Egyptian newspaper Al Akhbar reported that Yasin was badly injured in an assassination attempt and died one day after the incident.[26]

Legacy

Joseph A. Kechichian wrote a book about Yusuf Yasin: The Arab Nationalist Advisor. Shaykh Yusuf Yassin of Sa’udi Arabia, which was released in December 2021.[3]

References

1. "Youssef Yassin; Saud bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia; Hafiz Wahba". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
2. Joseph Kostiner (July 1985). "On Instruments and Their Designers: The Ikhwan of Najd and the Emergence of the Saudi State". Middle Eastern Studies. 21 (3): 315. doi:10.1080/00263208508700631.
3. Joseph A. Kechichian. "The Arab Nationalist Advisor". Sussex. Middle East Studies. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
4. Joseph A. Kechichian (21 January 2011). "Nationalist adviser". Gulf News. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
5. Adam Mestyan (2023). Modern Arab Kingship: Remaking the Ottoman Political Order in the Interwar Middle East. Princeton, NJ; Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 176, 190. doi:10.1353/book.113384. ISBN 9780691249353. S2CID 260307818.
6. "Shaikh Yusuf Yasin". The Times. No. 55374. 25 April 1962. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
7. Aida Ali Najjar (1975). The Arabic Press and Nationalism in Palestine, 1920-1948 (PhD thesis). Syracuse University. p. 65. ISBN 9781083851468. ProQuest 288060869.
8. D. van der Meulen (2018). Wells of Ibn Saud. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-317-84766-3.
9. Yossi Olmert (1996). "A false Dilemma? Syria and Lebanon's independence during the mandatory period". Middle Eastern Studies. 32 (3): 43. doi:10.1080/00263209608701118.
10. Sonoko Sunayama (2004). Syria and Saudi Arabia, 1978–1990; A Study of the Role of Shared Identities in Alliance-Making (PhD thesis). University of London. p. 29.
11. Sayed M. Hosni (October 1966). "The Partition of the Neutral Zone". American Journal of International Law. 60 (4): 735–749. doi:10.2307/2196925. JSTOR 2196925. S2CID 147323918.
12. C. C. Lewis (July 1933). "Ibn Sa'ūd and the Future of Arabia". International Affairs. 12 (4): 523. doi:10.2307/2603605. JSTOR 2603605.
13. "Umm al-Qurá, Number 591, 3 April 1936". World Digital Library. 3 April 1936. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
14. "Meeting of Arab Kings". The Times. No. 45415. Baghdad. 20 January 1930. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
15. Jerald L. Thompson (December 1981). H. St. John Philby, Ibn Saud and Palestine (MA thesis). DTIC.
16. Basheer M. Nafi (Spring 1997). "The Arabs and the Axis: 1933–1940". Arab Studies Quarterly. 19 (2): 7. JSTOR 41858205.
17. R. Melka (October 1969). "Nazi Germany and the Palestine Question". Middle Eastern Studies. 5 (3): 225. doi:10.1080/00263206908700130. JSTOR 4282292.
18. "Charles Claftin sees History in the making". Acton Beacon. 17 August 1945. p. 7. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
19. Norafidah Binti Ismail (August 2011). The Political and Economic Relations of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), 1949-2010 (PhD thesis). University of Exeter. p. 67. hdl:10036/3504.
20. Michael Quentin Morton (2015). "The Buraimi affair: oil prospecting and drawing the frontiers of Saudi Arabia". Asian Affairs. 46 (1): 9. doi:10.1080/03068374.2014.994960. S2CID 159991702.
21. Roderick Parkes (1966). "Notes on the Main Characters". Bloomsbury Collections. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
22. J. B. Kelly (Summer 1992). "Arabian Frontiers and Anglo-American Relations". Government and Opposition. 27 (3): 368–384. doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.1992.tb00417.x. S2CID 142203406.
23. Hermann Eilts (2004). "Saudi Arabia's Foreign Policy" (PDF). In L. Carl Brown (ed.). Diplomacy in the Middle East: The International Relations of Regional and Outside Powers. New York City: I.B. Tauris. p. 227. ISBN 1860648991.
24. Summer Scott Huyette (1984). Political Adaptation in Saudi Arabia: A Study of the Council of Ministers (PhD thesis). Columbia University. p. 135. ISBN 979-8-205-88566-9. ProQuest 303285259.
25. Gary Samuel Samore (1984). Royal Family Politics in Saudi Arabia (1953-1982) (PhD thesis). Harvard University. p. 120. ISBN 9798641924397. ProQuest 303295482.
26. "Death of Adviser to King Saud". The Times. No. 55373. Cairo. 24 April 1962. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
27. Joseph Kostiner (1992). "Britain and the Challenge of the Axis Powers in Arabia: The Decline of British-Saudi Cooperation in the 1930s". In Michael J. Cohen; Martin Kolinsky (eds.). Britain and the Middle East in the 1930s. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 137–138. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-11880-9_8. ISBN 978-0-333-53514-1.
28. David Commins (2015). "From Wahhabi to Salafi". In Bernard Haykel; Thomas Hegghammer; Stéphane Lacroix (eds.). Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 159. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139047586. ISBN 9781139047586. S2CID 126609426.
29. U. Ryad (2006). "From an officer in the Ottoman army to a Muslim publicist and armament agent in Berlin: Zekî Hishmat Kirâm (1886–1946)". Bibliotheca Orientalis. 63 (3–4): 251. doi:10.2143/BIOR.63.3.2017973. hdl:1874/292753.
30. Bruce R. Nardulli (2002). Dance of Swords: U.S. Military Assistance to Saudi Arabia, 1942–1964 (PhD thesis). Ohio State University.
31. Robert Vitalis (2007). America's Kingdom: Mythmaking on the Saudi Oil Frontier. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-8047-5446-0.