Ying Shao (c.144–204),[2]courtesy nameZhongyuan, was a Chinese politician, writer and historian who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty. He was an author of the Fengsu Tongyi, an encyclopedic work about the folk customs and legends that existed in the Eastern Han dynasty. Ying Shao occupied official posts in the Han government,[12] and in his official position he was an active participant in imperial politics. He was a long-time close associate of Cao Cao; he was extensively covered in the historical text Book of the Later Han.[13]
Life
Ying Shao was from Nandun County (南頓縣), Runan Commandery (汝南郡), which is located west of present-day Xiangcheng, Henan. He was nominated as a xiaolian during the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, and later served as a minor official under He Miao, Empress He's half-brother[14] From 189[15] to 194, Ying Shao served as the Administrator of Taishan Commandery in Xu Province. In c.December 191, he repelled an attack on his commandery by the remnants of the Yellow Turban rebels, recorded in the Book of the Later Han.[16] In 193 and 194, the warlord Cao Cao attacked Xu Province to seek vengeance for the murder of his father Cao Song. Thus, Ying Shao fled from Taishan Commandery and took refuge under Cao Cao's rival Yuan Shao. By the time Cao Cao defeated the Yuan family and conquered the Hebei region, Ying Shao was already dead. The interim events are given in two versions in Pei Songzhi's annotations to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the Wei Jin Shiyu (魏晉世語) by Guo Song (郭頒), and Wei Zhao's Book of Wu (吳書). Ying Shao eventually died in Ye city.[17]
^Ying Shao's biography in Book of the Later Han recorded that he fled from his post in Taishan in the 1st year of the Xingping era of Emperor Xian's reign.
^ abcKnechtges, David R. (2014). "Ying Shao 應劭 (d. ca. 204), zi Zhongyuan 眾遠". In David R. Knechtges; Taiping Chang (eds.). Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature: A Reference Guide, Part Three & Four. Handbook of Oriental Studies, section four: China, vol. 25/3. Brill. pp. 1933–1940. doi:10.1163/9789004271852_002. ISBN978-90-04-27185-2.
^There are two pronunciations of the character "瑒": "chàng" and "yáng".
^Zhu Jianping's biography in vol. 29 of Sanguozhi recorded that Ying Qu was 63 (by East Asian reckoning) when he died.
^"《文章叙錄》曰：璩字休運...嘉平四年卒". Wenzhang Xulu, cited in Chen and Pei 429, 21.604 n. 1.
^(应贞，字吉甫，汝南南顿人，魏侍中璩之子也。....泰始五年卒，....。) Jin Shu, vol.92
^Ying Shao's biography in Book of the Later Han did not mention that he served as Prefect of Xiao (County) or Managing Military Scribe; these positions were recorded by Yan Shigu in his Hanshu Xuli (漢書叙例). (应劭字仲瑗，〈一字仲援，一字仲远。〉汝南南顿人，后汉萧令，御史营令，泰山太守。) In his Fengsu Tongyi, Ying Shao wrote about his various appointments. (俗云：“五月到官，至免〈佀“死”字，或“老”字。〉不迁。”今年有茂才除萧令，五月到官，破日入舍，视事五月，四府所表，迁武陵令。余为营陵令，正触太岁。主簿令余东北上，余不从。在事五月，迁太山守。) Quan Houhan Wen (全後漢文), vol.36. Quan Houhan Wen also collected most of his extant writings, including fragments of Fengsu Tongyi which are not part of the 10 complete chapters.
^([中平]六年，拜太山太守。) Hou Hanshu, vol.48. It is unknown under which emperor Ying Shao began his term; in the Julian calendar, the year starts from 4 February, Emperor Ling died in May that year, Liu Bian was emperor from May to September, while Emperor Xian was made emperor in late September.
^([初平]二年...十一月，青州黄巾寇太山，太山太守应劭击破之。) Hou Hanshu, vol. 09. The month corresponds to 4 Dec 191 to 2 Jan 192 in the Julian calendar.
Hua Jiao (華嶠)[in Chinese]. Hanhou Shu 漢後書 [After the Han].
Sima Biao. Xu Hanshu 續漢書 [Continuation of the Book of Han].
Fan Ye, ed. (1965) [445]. Hou Hanshu 後漢書 [Book of the Later Han]. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Nylan, Michael (1982). Ying Shao's Feng su t'ung yi: An Exploration of Problems in Han-Dynasty Political, Philosophical, and Social Unity (PhD thesis). Princeton University. OCLC11569106.
Theobald, Ulrich (7 January 2014). "Ying Shao" 應劭. ChinaKnowledge.de. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
