Yanteles is an isolated stratovolcano composed of five glacier-capped peaks along an 8 km-long NE-trending ridge. It is located approximately 30 km (19 mi) south of the Corcovado volcano in the Chilean X Region (de Los Lagos) within the Corcovado National Park.
The name Yanteles can refer only to the main summit, which is also known as Volcán Nevado (Spanish for "Snow-covered Volcano").
Geography and geology
The volcano lies in the Chaitén municipality, Palena region, Los Lagos Region of Chile. Villa Santa Lucía and Bahía Tic-Toc are the closest settlements to the volcano,[3] while Chaitén is 60 kilometres (37 mi) away.[4] The elongated edifice is 2,042 metres (6,699 ft),[5] 1,790 metres (5,870 ft)[4] or 1,971 metres (6,467 ft) high and covers an area of 84.5 square kilometres (32.6 sq mi), making it a large volcano. Three stratovolcanoes developed on a north-south trending fault[3] and five peaks form a ridge trending northeastward.[5] Volcanoes like Yanteles form the highest summits of the Andes at these latitudes.[6] It also features a caldera with a pyroclastic cone.[7] Eroded peaks occur in the vicinity[2] and Nevado and Yeli are volcanic necks associated with the system.[7] Another major fault in the region is the Melimoyu-Yanteles Fault.[8]
It is covered by sizeable glaciers,[3] which with an area of 46.24 square kilometres (17.85 sq mi) (As of 2007[update]) form one of the largest areas of ice in the region. It has been declining at a rate of 0.72 square kilometres per year (0.28 sq mi/a).[9]
The volcano was active in the Pleistocene-Holocene and the last major eruption was 6,650 BCE.[3] The volcano is considered to be a source of tephra layers[4] such as the 7,240±150 BCE eruption that produced the YAN1 tephra.[11]Another eruption took place 10,340±180 years before present.[12] One tephra in the Siple Dome of Antarctica[13] and tephras found in Patagonian lakes may come from Yanteles.[10]
Yanteles is little known,[4] but attested in a 1899 publication[14] and was known to be a volcano as far back as 1916.[15] The occurrence of historical eruptions is uncertain;[5] Yanteles reportedly[16] erupted a day after the 1835 Concepcion earthquake and activity continued for months,[17] but little is known about this activity[4] and its description as patches of bare rock or the disappearance of snow makes the record doubtful;[18] such a change could constitute landsliding instead.[19] Later activity is limited to fumarolic activity in 1982, 1992 and 1993-1995.[3] Two fumarolic areas were reported in 1993 on the ridge, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from each other, and were emitting yellow-to-white steam.[20]
Future eruptions could cause mudflows in the valleys around the volcano.[3] It was classified as a type III volcano by SERNAGEOMIN, implying an intermediate volcanic hazard.[21]
González-Ferrán, Oscar (1995). Volcanes de Chile. Santiago, Chile: Instituto Geográfico Militar. p. 640 pp. ISBN956-202-054-1. (in Spanish; also includes volcanoes of Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru)
Mora-Stock, Cindy; Thorwart, Martin; Wunderlich, Tina; Bredemeyer, Stefan; Hansteen, Thor H.; Rabbel, Wolfgang (October 2014). "Comparison of seismic activity for Llaima and Villarrica volcanoes prior to and after the Maule 2010 earthquake". International Journal of Earth Sciences. 103 (7): 2016. Bibcode:2014IJEaS.103.2015M. doi:10.1007/s00531-012-0840-x. S2CID128567000.
