Genus of ground crab spiders
Female Xysticus sp. with egg sac Xysticus crab spiders described by C. L. Koch in 1835, belonging to the order Araneae , family Thomisidae . The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek root xyst , meaning "scraped, scraper".
Description
Xysticus and Coriarachne Thomisus species, rather like some of the Synema species. Some however, that are more terrestrial, resemble earth in colour and texture.
A ground crab spider with earthy coloration Most species of the genus Xysticus are small to medium sized spiders. They show a sexual dimorphism in size. Females of typical species reach a maximum of 10 millimetres (0.39 in) of body length, while their males are about 3–5 millimetres (0.12–0.20 in) long, about half the size of the females.
The basic colour of these species is usually brown, beige or gray. The prosoma is sometimes slightly smaller than the opisthosoma . In many species the front body shows in the middle a broad, pale longitudinal band. The opisthosoma is clearly flattened in most species and shows a median broad and dark leaf marking.
The species are often very similar to each other, and in most cases can be distinguished only by a microscopic examination of the reproductive organs.
Behaviour
The spiders of the genus Xysticus do not build webs; like most Thomisidae they are ambush hunters and prefer to hunt near the ground (hence the common name "ground crab spiders"). They move slowly, and commonly hunt by stationing themselves in a high-traffic area and grabbing whatever arthropod passes close enough. Also like most other Thomisidae, they seize prey with their enlarged anterior two pairs of legs and kill it by a venomous bite.
Species
As of December 2022[update] [ 1]
Xysticus abditus Logunov, 2006 — Bulgaria, TurkeyXysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872 — Europe to Central Asia
Xysticus acerbus obscurior Kulczyński, 1895 — UkraineXysticus acquiescens Emerton, 1919 — HolarcticXysticus advectus O. P.-Cambridge, 1890 — Guatemala, Costa RicaXysticus aethiopicus L. Koch, 1875 — EthiopiaXysticus albertensis Dondale, 2008 — CanadaXysticus albolimbatus Hu, 2001 — ChinaXysticus alboniger Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965 — USA, CanadaXysticus aletaiensis Hu & Wu, 1989 — ChinaXysticus alpicola Kulczyński, 1882 — Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, UkraineXysticus alpinistus Ono, 1978 — Nepal, ChinaXysticus alpinus Kulczyński, 1887 — Alps (Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Austria)Xysticus alsus Song & Wang, 1994 — ChinaXysticus altaicus Simon, 1895 — KazakhstanXysticus altitudinis Levy, 1976 — IsraelXysticus ampullatus Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965 — USA, CanadaXysticus apachecus Gertsch, 1933 — USAXysticus apalacheus Gertsch, 1953 — USAXysticus apertus Banks, 1898 — MexicoXysticus apricus L. Koch, 1876 — ItalyXysticus aprilinus Bryant, 1930 — USAXysticus arenarius Thorell, 1875 — UkraineXysticus arenicola Simon, 1875 — FranceXysticus argenteus Jézéquel, 1966 — Ivory CoastXysticus asper (Lucas, 1838) — Canary IslandsXysticus atevs Ovtsharenko, 1979 — RussiaXysticus atrimaculatus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 — China, Korea, JapanXysticus auctificus Keyserling, 1880 — USA, CanadaXysticus audax (Schrank, 1803) — Palearctic
Xysticus audax massanicus Simon, 1932 — FranceXysticus audaxoides Zhang, Zhang & Song, 2004 — ChinaXysticus austrosibiricus Logunov & Marusik, 1998 — Russia, Mongolia, ChinaXysticus autumnalis L. Koch, 1875 — New South WalesXysticus aztecus Gertsch, 1953 — MexicoXysticus bacurianensis Mcheidze, 1971 — Turkey, Russia, Georgia, AzerbaijanXysticus bakanas Marusik & Logunov, 1990 — KazakhstanXysticus banksi Bryant, 1933 — USAXysticus barbatus Caporiacco, 1936 — LibyaXysticus benefactor Keyserling, 1880 — USA, CanadaXysticus bengalensis Tikader & Biswas, 1974 — IndiaXysticus bengdakus Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2007 — IndiaXysticus beni Strand, 1913 — Central AfricaXysticus berlandi Schenkel, 1963 — ChinaXysticus bermani Marusik, 1994 — Russia, ChinaXysticus bharatae Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999 — IndiaXysticus bicolor L. Koch, 1867 — GreeceXysticus bicuspis Keyserling, 1887 — USAXysticus bifasciatus C. L. Koch, 1837 — PalearcticXysticus bimaculatus L. Koch, 1867 — QueenslandXysticus bohdanowiczi Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2004 — ChinaXysticus bolivari Gertsch, 1953 — MexicoXysticus bradti Gertsch, 1953 — MexicoXysticus breviceps O. P.-Cambridge, 1885 — IndiaXysticus brevidentatus Wunderlich, 1995 — Italy, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegoniva, Montenegro, AlbaniaXysticus britcheri Gertsch, 1934 — Russia, Alaska, Canada, USAXysticus brunneitibiis Caporiacco, 1939 — EthiopiaXysticus californicus Keyserling, 1880 — USA, MexicoXysticus canadensis Gertsch, 1934 — Russia, USA, CanadaXysticus caspicus Utochkin, 1968 — Russia, Turkmenistan, KazakhstanXysticus caucasius L. Koch, 1878 — GeorgiaXysticus chaparralis Schick, 1965 — USAXysticus charitonowi Mcheidze, 1971 — GeorgiaXysticus chippewa Gertsch, 1953 — HolarcticXysticus chui Ono, 1992 — TaiwanXysticus clercki (Audouin, 1826) — Egypt, EthiopiaXysticus cochise Gertsch, 1953 — USAXysticus coloradensis Bryant, 1930 — USAXysticus concinnus Kroneberg, 1875 — Central AsiaXysticus concretus Utochkin, 1968 — Russia, China, Korea, JapanXysticus concursus Gertsch, 1934 — USAXysticus conflatus Song, Tang & Zhu, 1995 — ChinaXysticus connectens Kulczyński, 1901 — ChinaXysticus cor Canestrini, 1873 — Southern Europe, Turkey, Azores, IranXysticus corsicus Simon, 1875 — CorsicaXysticus crispabilis Song & Gao, 1996 — ChinaXysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757) — Palearctic, Introduced to Canada, USAXysticus croceus Fox, 1937 — India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Vietnam, Korea, Taiwan, JapanXysticus cunctator Thorell, 1877 — USA, CanadaXysticus curtus Banks, 1898 — MexicoXysticus dali Li & Yang, 2008 — ChinaXysticus davidi Schenkel, 1963 — Russia, ChinaXysticus denisi Schenkel, 1963 — ChinaXysticus desidiosus Simon, 1875 — EuropeXysticus discursans Keyserling, 1880 — North AmericaXysticus diversus (Blackwall, 1870) — SicilyXysticus doriai (Dalmas, 1922) — ItalyXysticus dzhungaricus Tyschchenko, 1965 — Russia, Central Asia to ChinaXysticus edax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) — Turkey, IsraelXysticus elegans Keyserling, 1880 — USA, Canada, AlaskaXysticus elephantus Ono, 1978 — Nepal, ChinaXysticus ellipticus Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965 — USA, CanadaXysticus emertoni Keyserling, 1880 — USA, Canada, Alaska, Slovakia to ChinaXysticus ephippiatus Simon, 1880 — Kazakhstan, Russia, Central Asia, Mongolia, China, Korea, JapanXysticus erraticus (Blackwall, 1834) — Europe, RussiaXysticus facetus O. P.-Cambridge, 1896 — Mexico to El SalvadorXysticus fagei Lessert, 1919 — East AfricaXysticus federalis Gertsch, 1953 — MexicoXysticus ferox (Hentz, 1847) — USA, CanadaXysticus ferrugineus Menge, 1876 — PalearcticXysticus ferruginoides Schenkel, 1963 — Russia, MongoliaXysticus fervidus Gertsch, 1953 — USA, CanadaXysticus flavitarsis Simon, 1877 — CongoXysticus flavovittatus Keyserling, 1880 — USAXysticus floridanus Banks, 1896 — USAXysticus fraternus Banks, 1895 — USA, CanadaXysticus funestus Keyserling, 1880 — North AmericaXysticus furtivus Gertsch, 1936 — USAXysticus gallicus Simon, 1875 — Palearctic
Xysticus gallicus batumiensis Mcheidze & Utochkin, 1971 — GeorgiaXysticus gattefossei Denis, 1956 — MoroccoXysticus geometres L. Koch, 1874 — QueenslandXysticus gertschi Schick, 1965 — North AmericaXysticus ghigii Caporiacco, 1938 — MexicoXysticus gortanii Caporiacco, 1922 — ItalyXysticus gosiutus Gertsch, 1933 — USA, CanadaXysticus gracilis Keyserling, 1880 — ColombiaXysticus grallator Simon, 1932 — Portugal, Spain, France (Corsica), Italy (Sardinia)Xysticus guizhou Song & Zhu, 1997 — ChinaXysticus gulosus Keyserling, 1880 — North AmericaXysticus havilandi Lawrence, 1942 — South AfricaXysticus hedini Schenkel, 1936 — Russia, Mongolia, China, Korea, JapanXysticus helophilus Simon, 1890 — YemenXysticus hepaticus Simon, 1903 — MadagascarXysticus himalayaensis Tikader & Biswas, 1974 — IndiaXysticus hindusthanicus Basu, 1965 — IndiaXysticus hui Platnick, 1993 — ChinaXysticus humilis Redner & Dondale, 1965 — USAXysticus ibex Simon, 1875 — France, Spain
Xysticus ibex dalmasi Simon, 1932 — FranceXysticus ictericus L. Koch, 1874 — FijiXysticus idolothytus Logunov, 1995 — Kazakhstan, MongoliaXysticus illaudatus Logunov, 1995 — RussiaXysticus imitarius Gertsch, 1953 — USAXysticus indiligens (Walckenaer, 1837) — USAXysticus insulicola Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 — China, Korea, JapanXysticus iviei Schick, 1965 — USA
Xysticus iviei sierrensis Schick, 1965 — USAXysticus jabalpurensis Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999 — IndiaXysticus jaharai Basu, 1979 — IndiaXysticus japenus Roewer, 1938 — IndonesiaXysticus jiangi Peng, Yin & Kim, 2000 — ChinaXysticus jinlin Song & Zhu, 1995 — ChinaXysticus joyantius Tikader, 1966 — IndiaXysticus jugalis L. Koch, 1875 — Ethiopia
Xysticus jugalis larvatus Caporiacco, 1949 — KenyaXysticus kalandadzei Mcheidze & Utochkin, 1971 — GeorgiaXysticus kali Tikader & Biswas, 1974 — IndiaXysticus kamakhyai Tikader, 1962 — IndiaXysticus kansuensis Tang, Song & Zhu, 1995 — China, JapanXysticus kashidi Tikader, 1963 — IndiaXysticus kaznakovi Utochkin, 1968 — Greece to Central AsiaXysticus kempeleni Thorell, 1872 — Europe to Central Asia
Xysticus kempeleni nigriceps Simon, 1932 — FranceXysticus khasiensis Tikader, 1980 — IndiaXysticus kochi Thorell, 1872 — Europe, Mediterranean to Central Asia
Xysticus kochi abchasicus Mcheidze & Utochkin, 1971 — GeorgiaXysticus kulczynskii Wierzbicki, 1902 — Azerbaijan, IranXysticus kurilensis Strand, 1907 — Russia, China, Korea, JapanXysticus kuzgi Marusik & Logunov, 1990 — Central AsiaXysticus laetus Thorell, 1875 — Italy to Central AsiaXysticus lanio C. L. Koch, 1835 — Palearctic
Xysticus lanio alpinus Kulczyński, 1887 — AustriaXysticus lapidarius Utochkin, 1968 — Central AsiaXysticus lassanus Chamberlin, 1925 — USA, MexicoXysticus latitabundus Logunov, 1995 — RussiaXysticus lendli Kulczyński, 1897 — HungaryXysticus lepnevae Utochkin, 1968 — Russia, Korea, SakhalinXysticus lineatus (Westring, 1851) — PalearcticXysticus locuples Keyserling, 1880 — North AmericaXysticus logunovi Seyfulina & Mikhailov, 2004 — RussiaXysticus logunovorum Blick & Ono, 2021 — IranXysticus lucifugus Lawrence, 1937 — South AfricaXysticus luctans (C. L. Koch, 1845) — USA, CanadaXysticus luctator L. Koch, 1870 — PalearcticXysticus luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836) — HolarcticXysticus lutzi Gertsch, 1935 — USA, MexicoXysticus macedonicus Silhavy, 1944 — Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Albania, North Macedonia, Greece, TurkeyXysticus maculatipes Roewer, 1962 — AfghanistanXysticus maculiger Roewer, 1951 — YarkandXysticus manas Song & Zhu, 1995 — ChinaXysticus marmoratus Thorell, 1875 — Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Russia, UkraineXysticus martensi Ono, 1978 — NepalXysticus marusiki Ono & Martens, 2005 — Turkey, IranXysticus metinaktasi Demir, Seyyar & Türker, 2017 — TurkeyXysticus montanensis Keyserling, 1887 — USA, Canada, AlaskaXysticus mugur Marusik, 1990 — RussiaXysticus mulleri Lawrence, 1952 — South AfricaXysticus multiaculeatus Caporiacco, 1940 — EthiopiaXysticus mundulus O. P.-Cambridge, 1885 — YarkandXysticus namaquensis Simon, 1910 — South AfricaXysticus natalensis Lawrence, 1938 — South AfricaXysticus nataliae Utochkin, 1968 — RussiaXysticus nigriceps Berland, 1922 — East AfricaXysticus nigropunctatus L. Koch, 1867 — QueenslandXysticus nigrotrivittatus (Simon, 1870) — Portugal, SpainXysticus nitidus Hu, 2001 — ChinaXysticus nubilus Simon, 1875 — Macaronesia, Mediterranean, GeorgiaXysticus nyingchiensis Song & Zhu, 1995 — ChinaXysticus obscurus Collett, 1877 — HolarcticXysticus ocala Gertsch, 1953 — USAXysticus orizaba Banks, 1898 — MexicoXysticus ovatus Simon, 1876 — FranceXysticus paiutus Gertsch, 1933 — USA, MexicoXysticus palawanicus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — PhilippinesXysticus palpimirabilis Marusik & Chevrizov, 1990 — KyrgyzstanXysticus parallelus Simon, 1873 — Corsica, SardiniaXysticus parapunctatus Song & Zhu, 1995 — ChinaXysticus pearcei Schick, 1965 — USA, MexicoXysticus peccans O. P.-Cambridge, 1876 — EgyptXysticus pellax O. P.-Cambridge, 1894 — North AmericaXysticus peltiformus Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2004 — ChinaXysticus peninsulanus Gertsch, 1934 — USAXysticus periscelis Simon, 1908 — Western AustraliaXysticus pieperi Ono & Martens, 2005 — IranXysticus pigrides Mello-Leitao, 1929 — Cape Verde IslandsXysticus pingshan Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2004 — ChinaXysticus posti Sauer, 1968 — USAXysticus pretiosus Gertsch, 1934 — USA, CanadaXysticus promiscuus O. P.-Cambridge, 1876 — Egypt, IsraelXysticus pseudobliteus (Simon, 1880) — Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, KoreaXysticus pseudocristatus Azarkina & Logunov, 2001 — Pakistan, Central Asia to ChinaXysticus pseudolanio Wunderlich, 1995 — Bulgaria, Turkey, GeorgiaXysticus pseudoluctuosus Marusik & Logunov, 1995 — Turkey, TajikistanXysticus pulcherrimus Keyserling, 1880 — ColombiaXysticus punctatus Keyserling, 1880 — USA, CanadaXysticus pygmaeus Tyschchenko, 1965 — KazakhstanXysticus pynurus Tikader, 1968 — IndiaXysticus quadrispinus Caporiacco, 1933 — Libya
Xysticus quadrispinus concolor Caporiacco, 1933 — LibyaXysticus quagga Jocque, 1977 — MoroccoXysticus rainbowi Strand, 1901 — New GuineaXysticus robinsoni Gertsch, 1953 — USA, MexicoXysticus rockefelleri Gertsch, 1953 — MexicoXysticus roonwali Tikader, 1964 — India, NepalXysticus rostratus Ono, 1988 — Russia, JapanXysticus ryukyuensis Ono, 2002 — Ryukyu IslandsXysticus saganus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 — Russia, China, Korea, JapanXysticus sagittifer Lawrence, 1927 — NamibiaXysticus sansan Levy, 2007 — IsraelXysticus schoutedeni Lessert, 1943 — CongoXysticus semicarinatus Simon, 1932 — France, Spain, PortugalXysticus sharlaa Marusik & Logunov, 2002 — Russia, ChinaXysticus shillongensis Tikader, 1962 — IndiaXysticus shyamrupus Tikader, 1966 — IndiaXysticus siciliensis Wunderlich, 1995 — SicilyXysticus sicus Fox, 1937 — Russia, China, KoreaXysticus sikkimus Tikader, 1970 — India, ChinaXysticus silvestrii Simon, 1905 — ArgentinaXysticus simonstownensis Strand, 1909 — South AfricaXysticus sjostedti Schenkel, 1936 — Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, ChinaXysticus slovacus Svaton, Pekar & Prídavka, 2000 — Slovakia, RussiaXysticus soderbomi Schenkel, 1936 — Mongolia, ChinaXysticus soldatovi Utochkin, 1968 — Russia, ChinaXysticus spasskyi Utochkin, 1968 — Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, AzerbaijanXysticus sphericus (Walckenaer, 1837) — USAXysticus spiethi Gertsch, 1953 — MexicoXysticus subjugalis Strand, 1906 — Ethiopia
Xysticus subjugalis nigerrimus Caporiacco, 1941 — EthiopiaXysticus tampa Gertsch, 1953 — USAXysticus tarcos L. Koch, 1875 — EthiopiaXysticus taukumkurt Marusik & Logunov, 1990 — KazakhstanXysticus tenuiapicalis Demir, 2012 — TurkeyXysticus texanus Banks, 1904 — USA, MexicoXysticus thessalicoides Wunderlich, 1995 — Greece, Crete, TurkeyXysticus thessalicus Simon, 1916 — Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Turkey, Israel[ 2] Xysticus tikaderi Bhandari & Gajbe, 2001 — IndiaXysticus toltecus Gertsch, 1953 — MexicoXysticus torsivoides Song & Zhu, 1995 — ChinaXysticus tortuosus Simon, 1932 — Portugal to Austria, Morocco, AlgeriaXysticus transversomaculatus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 — Korea, JapanXysticus triguttatus Keyserling, 1880 — USA, CanadaXysticus trizonatus Ono, 1988 — JapanXysticus tsanghoensis Hu, 2001 — ChinaXysticus tugelanus Lawrence, 1942 — South AfricaXysticus turkmenicus Marusik & Logunov, 1995 — Central AsiaXysticus ukrainicus Utochkin, 1968 — Russia, GeorgiaXysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831) — PalearcticXysticus urbensis Lawrence, 1952 — South AfricaXysticus urgumchak Marusik & Logunov, 1990 — Central AsiaXysticus variabilis Keyserling, 1880 — USAXysticus verecundus Gertsch, 1934 — MexicoXysticus verneaui Simon, 1883 — Canary Islands, MadeiraXysticus viduus Kulczyński, 1898 — PalearcticXysticus viveki Gajbe, 2005 — IndiaXysticus wagneri Gertsch, 1953 — MexicoXysticus walesianus Karsch, 1878 — New South WalesXysticus winnipegensis Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965 — CanadaXysticus wunderlichi Logunov, Marusik & Trilikauskas, 2001 — Russia, ChinaXysticus xerodermus Strand, 1913 — Turkey, IsraelXysticus xiningensis Hu, 2001 — ChinaXysticus yebongensis Lee & Kim, 2018 — KoreaXysticus yogeshi Gajbe, 2005 — India
Gallery
Xysticus audax
Xysticus kochi , female
Xysticus cristatus
Xysticus bilimbatus
Xysticus lanio
Xysticus luctator
Xysticus ninniii
Xysticus ulmi
References
Norman I. Platnick - Thomisidae
J. H. Redner and C. D. Dondale (1965). A New Species of The Spider Genus Xysticus (Araneae: Thomisidae) From Arizona - Psyche 72(4): 291–294.
H. Demir, O. Seyyar, and M. Aktaş (2008). A Poorly Known Species of the Spider Genus Xysticus C. L. Koch (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Turkey. Archives of Biological Sciences 60(4): 17P-18P.
External links
