African fruit, black plum
Vitex doniana Afrotropics . Its fruits are one of several fruits called black plums . This tree is often grown for its fruits.[ 1] [ 2]
Description
It grows to 4–8 metres (13–26 ft), and rarely up to 15 metres (49 ft). Its fruits are at most 2.5 centimetres (31 ⁄32 [ 2] V. doniana is found at altitudes of 0–1,800 metres (0–5,906 ft)[ 2] Ethiopia , Nigeria , Eswatini , Tanzania , Uganda and Zambia .[ 3] Rastrococcus invadens [ 3]
V. doniana is known as plem in Ethiopia , uchakoro in Nigeria , mfudu and mfuu in Eswatini , mfuu in Tanzania , munyamazi and yuelo in Uganda and kashilumbalu in Zambia .[ 3]
V. doniana is one of the few plants notable for its phytoecdysteroid content, Ochieng et al. 2013 finding it is one of the few with more than 0.001% by dry weight .[ 4] 21-hydroxyshidasterone , 11b-hydroxy-20-deoxyshidasterone and 2,3-acetonide-24-hydroxyecdysone .[ 5]
References
^ a b "Vitex doniana " . Purdue University Famine Foods. Retrieved 2022-02-01 .^ a b c "Category 3: Wild Food Plants Attracting Additional Consumer Categories (during food shortage periods) Vitex doniana (Sweet)" . The Africa Center . Retrieved 2022-02-01 .^ a b c "Vitex doniana (black plum)" . Invasive Species Compendium (ISC)Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International ). 2019-11-20. Retrieved 2022-02-01 .^ Dinan, Laurence; Mamadalieva, Nilufar Z.; Lafont, René (2019-10-18). "Dietary Phytoecdysteroids". Handbook of Dietary Phytochemicals . Singapore : Springer Singapore . pp. 1– 54. ISBN 978-981-13-1745-3 ^ Das, Niranjan; Mishra, Siddhartha Kumar; Bishayee, Anusha; Ali, Eunüs S.; Bishayee, Anupam (2021). "The phytochemical, biological, and medicinal attributes of phytoecdysteroids: An updated review" . Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 11 (7). Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Pharmaceutical Association (Elsevier ): 1740– 1766. doi :10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.012 . ISSN 2211-3835 . PMC 8343124 PMID 34386319 .
