Vimanarcanakalpa

The Vimānārcanākalpa is a 10th to 11th century text on Hatha yoga, attributed to the sage Marichi.

Text

The Vimanarcanakalpa is a 10th to 11th century prose text^[1]^[2] on Hatha yoga, attributed to the sage Marichi.^[3] It states that yoga is the union of the individual with the supreme self.^[4]

It is one of the earliest texts to describe a non-seated asana and to call such postures asanas (the term originally and literally meaning a seat), namely Mayurasana the peacock pose. In chapter 96 it describes nine asanas in all (Brahmasana, Svastikasana, Padmasana, Gomukhasana, Simhasana, Muktasana, Virasana,^[a] Bhadrasana, and Mayurasana), some 500 years before the Hatha Yoga Pradipika.^[5] Its account of Mayurasana, in James Mallinson's translation, is:

Fix the palms of the hands on the floor, place the elbows on either side of the navel, raise the head and feet and remain in the air like a staff. This is the peacock posture.^[6]

The text teaches a method of pratyahara, withdrawal using the breath, which is raised through 18 stages called marmans, vital points.^[7]

The Vimanarcanakalpa describes other topics, such as the practice of burying sacred bronze objects to protect them in times of trouble.^[8]

Notes

^ Called hero's posture, but as a cross-legged pose not the same as the modern kneeling Virasana.

References

^ Marichi 1926.
^ Huesken, Ute (2 November 2002). "VaikhAnasa saMhitAs". Ramanuja.org. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
^ Mallinson, James (9 December 2011). "A Response to Mark Singleton's Yoga Body by James Mallinson". Retrieved 4 January 2019. revised from American Academy of Religions conference, San Francisco, 19 November 2011.
^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. 21.
^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 87, 100–101.
^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. 101.
^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 174, 190, 285, 296.
^ Nagaswamy, R. "Eslam Bronzes and Copper-plates". Tamil Arts Academy. Retrieved 1 February 2019. he Vimanarcanakalpa, (Marici text) published in Madras, 1926, Chapter 70, pp. 435-439, gives in detail the process of concealing metal images in times of emergency and restoring them to worship. The chapter is titled Bhaya-raksartham Niskrtih.