Timeline of Maastricht

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Maastricht, Netherlands.

Roman Period

circa 10 BC - Construction of Roman main road from Cologne to the coast (Via Belgica [nl]).
1st half of 1st century AD - Maastricht Roman bridge [nl] built; gradual development of settlement on both sides of the river Meuse.
ca. 150 - Construction of Roman baths and walled sanctuary (with a 9-meter sculpted Jupiter column).
ca. 270 - Destruction of Roman Maastricht by invading Germanic tribes.
333 - Roman Castellum, Maastricht [nl] (fortress) built.
384 - Death of Saint Servatius in Maastricht (traditional); establishment of Roman Catholic Diocese of Maastricht (uncertain; this may have happened in the 6th c. only).^[1]

Middle Ages

ca. 570 - Bishop Monulph builds a large stone church on the grave of Saint Servatius.
ca. 590-670 - At least twelve royal mint masters active in Maastricht.
595 - Childebert II in Maastricht.
667-670 - Childeric II in Maastricht.
690-695 - Clovis IV in Maastricht.
ca. 700 - Murder of Lambert of Maastricht.
720 - Seat of the Maastricht diocese moved to Liège (traditional date; this may have happened later in the 8th/9th c.).
late 8th/early 9th c. - Alcuin and Einhard (lay) abbots of Saint Servatius.
881 - Sack of Maastricht [nl] by Vikings.^[2]
1001 - Reburial of Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine in the crypt of the church of Saint Servatius.
11th/12th c. - Chapter of Saint Servatius [nl] at its apogee; at least five successive provosts were chancellors of the Holy Roman Empire; collegiate churches of Saint Servatius and Our Lady renewed.
1204 - Siege of Maastricht (1204) [nl] by Hugues de Pierrepont, prince-bishop of Liège, and Louis II, Count of Loon; Maastricht condominium [nl] established between Liège and Brabant.
1229 - Duke of Brabant gives permission to replace the (partly?) earthen defence works by a stone city wall.
1230 - Order of St Mary Magdalene ("white nuns") establish monastery in Maastricht (until 1796).
1234 - Franciscans establish a monastery in Maastricht (throughout the ages around twenty Franciscan monasteries [nl] existed in Maastricht, including Third Order monasteries).
ca. 1240 - Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony establish monastery ('commandry') in Maastricht (until 1783).
ca. 1250 - Dominicans and Augustinians establish monasteries in Maastricht (until 1796).
1251 - First mention of Nieuwenhof [nl] beguinage, later turned into several monasteries of Third Order Franciscan nuns and friars.
1275 - Roman bridge collapses during a procession; many drowned.
1280-98 - Sint Servaasbrug (bridge) built.^[3]
1282 - Teutonic Order establish a commandry in Maastricht (until 1796).
mid-14th century - second Medieval city wall built, enlarging the city surface by 400%.
1376 - first mention of Saint Andrew Monastery [nl], first a beguinage, later a monastery of Third Order Franciscan nuns.
1391 - First recorded instance of the seven-yearly Pilgrimage of the Relics.
1407/08 - Siege of Maastricht (1407/08) [nl] by Liège rebels.
1438 - Crosier Monastery, Maastricht established (until 1796)
ca. 1470 - Dinghuis courthouse built.
1476 - De Beyart [nl] established, monastery of Third Order Franciscan nuns.

16th–18th century

1535 - Fifteen anabaptists burned in Vrijthof.
1551 - Jacob Bathen starts printing and publishing business.^[4]
1566 - Beeldenstorm in Maastricht; several churches looted by fanatic Protestants.
1570 - Jesuits establish a monastery and a college (1575).
1576 - Sack of Maastricht [nl] by Spanish troops and German mercenaries.
1579 - Siege of Maastricht (1579) by Spanish forces, followed by three-day sack; all Protestants killed or expelled.^[3]
1632 - Capture of Maastricht by Dutch forces;^[5]^[6] equal rights for Protestants and Catholics; several churches ceded to Protestants.
1638 - Maastricht Treason [nl]: 22 traitors accused of helping the Spanish in recapturing the city; nine are executed.
1662 - Municipal library founded.^[7]^[8]
1673 - Siege of Maastricht (1673) by French forces.^[3]
1678 - Peace of Nijmegen: French vacate the city; Dutch in power.^[5]
1683 - Maastricht City Hall completed, designed by Pieter Post. Sint Servaasbrug (bridge) partly re-built.^[3]
1748 - Siege of Maastricht (1748) by French forces; occupation lasted only a few months.^[3] Large scale model of the city and its fortifications built by the French (now in the Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille).
1789 - Bonbonnière [nl] theatre opens.
1793 - Siege of Maastricht (1793) by French forces (failed).
1794 - Capture of Maastricht (1794) [nl] by French forces.^[3]
1795 - Maastricht becomes capital of the French Meuse-Inférieure département as part of the French First Republic, later First French Empire (until 1814).
1796 - Suppression of the monasteries and religious chapters in Maastricht; parish churches remain open if priests take the Oath of Hatred [nl], which many refuse. Many art treasures, libraries and archives destroyed or looted.

19th century

1805 - Generaalshuis [nl] (now a theater) built in Vrijthof.
1811 - General Cemetery Tongerseweg [nl] established (including Jewish Cemetery, Maastricht [nl]).
1815 - Maastricht becomes capital of the Province of Limburg, as part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
1822 - Société des Amis des Sciences, Lettres et Arts founded (precursor of Limburg Historical and Antiquarian Society; see 1929).^[9]
1824 - Population: 20,271.^[10]
1826 - Zuid-Willemsvaart (canal), including Bassin, Maastricht [nl] (port) opened.
1834 - Petrus Regout [nl] manufacturer of glass and pottery in business.^[11]
1837 - Maastricht City Park [nl] in use.
1838 - Saint Nicholas Church, Maastricht [nl] demolished.
1840 - Maastricht Synagogue [nl] built.^[12]
1850 - Liège-Maastricht Canal [nl] dug, parallel to Meuse. Many buildings on the riverside demolished, including Antonite Church, Maastricht [nl]
1851 - Le Courrier de la Meuse [nl] French-language newspaper begins publication.
1853 - Aachen-Maastricht Railway Company [nl] begins operating.^[13]
1859 - Saint Martin's Church, Maastricht [nl] rebuilt.^[3]
1861 - Liège–Maastricht railway begins operating.
1863 - Société Céramique [nl] manufactory in business.
1865 - Maastricht–Venlo railway begins operating.
1866 - Population: 28,495.^[14]
1867 - Maastricht taken off list of fortified cities. Medieval city wall and ring of outer fortifications largely dismantled between 1867 and circa 1920.
1877 - Population: 29,083.^[15]
1881 - Limburg State Archives headquartered in former First Minorite Church, Maastricht [nl].^[16]
1884 - Bonnefantenmuseum established (as a museum of archaeology and local history).
1886 - Courrier du Limbourg newspaper begins publication.^[17]

20th century

1902 - MVV Maastricht football club formed.
1904 - Population: 36,146.^[3]
1912 - Maastricht Natural History Museum founded.
1915 - Maastricht railway station opens (current station; it had several predecessors).
1916 - Saint Lambert Church built in Neo-Byzantine style.
1919 - Population: 41,305.^[18]
1920 - Annexation of Sint Pieter and Oud-Vroenhoven, as well as parts of Borgharen, Meerssen, Amby, Heer and Gronsveld. The area of the municipality of Maastricht increases from 4.15 km² to 35 km². Its population increases to 54,268.
1926 - Eerste Nederlandse Cement Industrie factory begins operating; large section of Mount Saint Peter becomes limestone quarry.
1929 - Limburg Historical and Antiquarian Society [nl] established.
1932 - Wilhelmina Bridge [nl] built.
1935 - Juliana Canal opened.

1940, 10 May - Battle of Maastricht; German occupation begins.
1942 - Most of Maastricht's more than 500 Jews deported and killed in German concentration and extermination camps.
1944, 13/14 September - Liberation of Maastricht [nl]: US troops of 30th Infantry Division ("Old Hickory") liberate the city.
1944/45 - Maastricht serves as 'rest center' for allied forces. Maastricht Aachen Airport begins operating.
1944, 7 December - Maastricht Meeting. Allied commanders Omar Bradley, Arthur Tedder, Dwight Eisenhower, Bernard Montgomery and William Hood Simpson meet in Maastricht to discuss further strategy.
1948 - Jan Van Eyck Academie established.
1950 - Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts established.
1959 - Maastricht Institute of Arts active.
1960 - Population: 90,202.
1961 - De Geusselt stadium built.
1962 - Maastricht Academy of Music established.
1968 - John F. Kennedy Bridge, Maastricht [nl] opens.^[19]
1970 - Annexation of Borgharen, Itteren, Amby and Heer, as well as parts of Meerssen, Bemelen and Gronsveld. The area of the municipality of Maastricht increases from 35 km² to 59 km² and its population from 93,500 to 112,500.
1973 - Museum aan het Vrijthof established.
1975 - The European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF) starts as Pictura Fine Art Fair in Eurohal Exhibition Centre.
1976 - Maastricht University opens.^[20]
1981 - First European Council in Maastricht.
1987 - Maastricht Randwyck railway station and Lumiere Cinema^[21] open.
1988 - TEFAF moves to MECC Maastricht; Museumkelder Derlon [nl] (Roman excavation site) opens.
1990 - Population: 117,008.
1991 - Academic Hospital Maastricht opens. 9/10 December: Second European Council in Maastricht.
1992 - 7 February: Maastricht Treaty signed in city;^[11] Theater aan het Vrijthof [nl] opens.
1995 - Bonnefantenmuseum moves to new building by Aldo Rossi in Céramique [nl] district.
1999 - Centre Céramique [nl] (library and arts centre) opens.

21st century

2002 - Gerd Leers becomes mayor; Mestreechs Volksleed [nl] officially adopted as the city's anthem.
2003 - Hoge Brug (pedestrian bridge) opens.
2005 - Limburg History Centre [nl] (HCL) created through merger of national and city archives.[1]
2006 - Entre Deux [nl] shopping mall rebuilt; Bookshop in adjacent Dominican Church, Maastricht [nl].
2010 - Onno Hoes becomes first openly gay mayor of Maastricht.
2013 - Maastricht Noord railway station opens.
2014 - Population: 121,906 municipality; 182,721 metro.
2015 - Annemarie Penn-te Strake becomes first female mayor of Maastricht.
2016 - Koning Willem-Alexandertunnel [nl] officially opened.

References

^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
^ Adriaan Verhulst [in Dutch] (1999). The Rise of Cities in North-West Europe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-46909-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Britannica 1910.
^ P. J. H. Ubachs (2000). Handboek voor de geschiedenis van Limburg [Handbook of the history of Limburg] (in Dutch). Uitgeverij Verloren. ISBN 90-6550-097-9.
^ ^a ^b Haydn 1910.
^ Myron P. Gutmann (1980). "Chronology of Military and Political Events in the Basse-Meuse (1620- )". War and Rural Life in the Early Modern Low Countries. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-5529-2.
^ Paul Schneiders (1998). "Libraries in the Netherlands" (PDF). IFLA Journal. 24. International Federation of Library Associations.
^ Flament 1888.
^ Heijde 2002.
^ Société des Amis des Sciences, Lettres et Arts. Annuaire de la province de Limbourg ... 1825 (in French). Maastricht: L. Th. Nypels.
^ ^a ^b Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
^ "Maastricht". Four Hundred Years of Dutch Jewry. Amsterdam: Joods Historisch Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
^ J.W. Sluiter (1967). Beknopt overzicht van de nederlandse sppor en tramwegbedrijven [Brief overview of Dutch railway and tramway companies] (in Dutch). Brill.
^ Hunter, Brian; Paxton, John; Steinberg, S. H.; Epstein, Mortimer; Renwick, Isaac Parker Anderson; Keltie, John Scott; Martin, Frederick (1869). "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.
^ Verslag van den toestand van het hertogdom Limburg in het jaar 1877 [Report of the condition of the Duchy of Limburg in the year 1877] (in Dutch), Maastricht: Henri Bogaerts, 1878
^ "Historie Minderbroederskerk" (in Dutch). Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
^ Jan van de Plasse (2005). Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers (in Dutch). Otto Cramwinckel. ISBN 978-90-75727-77-7. (timeline)
^ "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
^ "Bruggen database: Limburg: Maastricht" [Database of Bridges] (in Dutch). Rijswijk: Nederlandse Bruggenstichting. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
^ Walter Rüegg [in German], ed. (2011). "Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995". Universities Since 1945. History of the University in Europe. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49425-0.
^ "Movie Theaters in Maastricht, Netherlands". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

This article incorporates information from the Dutch Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

published in the 18th-19th century

Thomas Nugent (1749), "Maestricht", The Grand Tour, vol. 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762598
Abraham Rees (1819), "Maestricht, a town in France", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015057241120
"Maestricht". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822. hdl:2027/njp.32101073846667.
William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Maestricht". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
"Maestricht", Handbook for Travellers in Holland and Belgium (20th ed.), London: John Murray, 1881, hdl:2027/hvd.hn2ha2

published in the 20th century

"Maestricht". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7zk5ms79.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
"Maastricht", Belgium and Holland (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, hdl:2027/uc1.b3129294
"Maastricht" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 188.
Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Maestricht", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776

published in the 21st century

Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Maastricht". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.

in other languages

Philippe Vandermaelen (1835). "Maestricht". Dictionnaire géographique du Limbourg. Dictionnaires géographiques de la Belgique.4. Anvers (in French). Établissement géographique de Bruxelles. hdl:2027/mdp.39015049024923.
Abraham Jacob van der Aa (1846). "Maastricht". Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden [Geographical dictionary of the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Vol. 7. Gorinchem: Jacobus Noorduyn. hdl:2027/mdp.39015039364008 – via HathiTrust.
Auguste Jean Flament, ed. (1888). Catalogus der Stadsbibliotheek van Maastricht (in Dutch). Maastricht: J. Germain & cie.
Henri Zondervan [in Dutch], ed. (1919), "Maastricht", Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie (in Dutch), vol. 11 (4th ed.), Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy „Elsevier“, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068347957
G. van Herwijnen, ed. (1978). "Limburg: Maastricht". Bibliografie van de stedengeschiedenis van Nederland [Bibliography of Urban History in the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Brill. ISBN 90-04-05700-5.
Marina Kessels-van der Heijde (2002). Maastricht, Maestricht, Mestreech: de taalverhoudingen tussen Nederlands, Frans en Maastrichts in de negentiende eeuw (in Dutch). Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren. ISBN 90-6550-713-2.
P. Ubachs & I. Evers (2005). Historische encyclopedie Maastricht (in Dutch). Zutphen: Walburg Pers. ISBN 90-5730-399-X.
Caspar Cillekens & Wim Dijkman (2006). 20 eeuwen Maastricht (in Dutch). Nijmegen: BnM.
P. Ubachs & I. Evers (2006). Tweeduizend jaar Maastricht: een stadsgeschiedenis (in Dutch). Zutphen: Walburg Pers. ISBN 90-5730-441-4.

External links

Europeana. Items related to Maastricht, various dates.
Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Maastricht, various dates

[katolsk-1] "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

[Verhulst1999-2] Adriaan Verhulst [in Dutch] (1999). The Rise of Cities in North-West Europe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-46909-8.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Britannica 1910.

[Ubachs2000-4] P. J. H. Ubachs (2000). Handboek voor de geschiedenis van Limburg [Handbook of the history of Limburg] (in Dutch). Uitgeverij Verloren. ISBN 90-6550-097-9.

[FOOTNOTEHaydn1910-5] Haydn 1910.

[Gutmann1980-6] Myron P. Gutmann (1980). "Chronology of Military and Political Events in the Basse-Meuse (1620- )". War and Rural Life in the Early Modern Low Countries. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-5529-2.

[schneiders1998-7] Paul Schneiders (1998). "Libraries in the Netherlands" (PDF). IFLA Journal. 24. International Federation of Library Associations.

[FOOTNOTEFlament1888-8] Flament 1888.

[FOOTNOTEHeijde2002-9] Heijde 2002.

[Annuaire1825-10] Société des Amis des Sciences, Lettres et Arts. Annuaire de la province de Limbourg ... 1825 (in French). Maastricht: L. Th. Nypels.

[koopmans2007-11] Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.

[jewry-12] "Maastricht". Four Hundred Years of Dutch Jewry. Amsterdam: Joods Historisch Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

[sluiter1967-13] J.W. Sluiter (1967). Beknopt overzicht van de nederlandse sppor en tramwegbedrijven [Brief overview of Dutch railway and tramway companies] (in Dutch). Brill.

[14] Hunter, Brian; Paxton, John; Steinberg, S. H.; Epstein, Mortimer; Renwick, Isaac Parker Anderson; Keltie, John Scott; Martin, Frederick (1869). "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.

[15] Verslag van den toestand van het hertogdom Limburg in het jaar 1877 [Report of the condition of the Duchy of Limburg in the year 1877] (in Dutch), Maastricht: Henri Bogaerts, 1878

[16] "Historie Minderbroederskerk" (in Dutch). Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

[Plasse2005-17] Jan van de Plasse (2005). Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers (in Dutch). Otto Cramwinckel. ISBN 978-90-75727-77-7. (timeline)

[18] "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.

[bruggendatabase-19] "Bruggen database: Limburg: Maastricht" [Database of Bridges] (in Dutch). Rijswijk: Nederlandse Bruggenstichting. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

[Ruegg2011-20] Walter Rüegg [in German], ed. (2011). "Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995". Universities Since 1945. History of the University in Europe. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49425-0.

[cinema-21] "Movie Theaters in Maastricht, Netherlands". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

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Timeline of Maastricht

Roman Period

Middle Ages

16th–18th century

19th century

20th century

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

in English

in other languages

External links

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