Sint Servaasbrug

Sint Servaasbrug
Sint Servaasbrug from the south
Coordinates50°50′57″N 5°41′45″E / 50.84917°N 5.69583°E / 50.84917; 5.69583
CrossesMeuse
LocaleMaastricht, Netherlands
Named forSaint Servatius
Preceded byHoge Brug
Followed byWilhelminabrug
Characteristics
DesignArch bridge
MaterialLimestone with a concrete core
Total length160 m (524.9 ft)
Width9 m (29.5 ft)
History
Construction start1280; 744 years ago (1280)
Construction end1298; 726 years ago (1298)
Location
Map

Sint Servaasbrug (Dutch pronunciation: [sɪnt ˈsɛrvaːzbrʏx]; or the St. Servatius Bridge) is an arched stone cyclist and pedestrian bridge across the river Meuse in Maastricht, Netherlands. It is named after Saint Servatius, the first bishop of Maastricht, and (despite being largely rebuilt after World War II) it has been called the oldest bridge in the Netherlands.[1]

Description

The Sint Servaasbrug connects pedestrian traffic from the Binnenstad district of Maastricht on the west bank of the Meuse (the most central part of the city) to the Wyck district on the east bank.[2]

The bridge is made of limestone, and in its current configuration it is 160 metres (525 ft) long and 9 metres (30 ft) wide. Its seven arches each span approximately 12 metres (39 ft), and are supported by seven piers.[3][4][5] A separate steel drawbridge with a span of 54.5 metres (178 ft 10 in) connects the east end of the bridge to the east bank of the river.[6]

History

The Romans built a wooden bridge across the Meuse in what is now Maastricht, in approximately AD 50,[7] and the Latin phrase for "crossing of the Meuse", "mosae trajectum", became the name of the city. For many years this remained the only crossing of the lower Meuse.[5] However, the Roman bridge collapsed in the year 1275 from the weight of a large procession, killing 400 people.[8][9] Its replacement, the present bridge, was built somewhat to the north of the older crossing between 1280 and 1298;[1][3][10] The Roman Catholic Church encouraged its construction by providing indulgences to people who helped build it.[8][9] The bridge was named in honor of Saint Servatius around this time.[11]

The bridge was renovated in 1680, and in 1825 a wooden strutwork section on the east side of the bridge was replaced by a stone arch.[3] In 1850, as part of the construction of the Maastricht-Liège Canal, a channel was cut on the west side of the bridge.[3]

The bridge showing the damage inflicted by the retreating German Army. Taken 14 September 1944 after Allied Forces occupied the city.

In the early 1930s the construction of the Wilhelmina Bridge [nl], 300 metres (1,000 ft) downstream relieved the bridge of its function as the city's only river crossing. Thereafter major renovation was performed. The arches were reconstructed in concrete, covered with the original stones. Underwater, counter-arches were constructed to prevent erosion of the river bed on which the bridge was built. Two arches on the eastern end of the bridge were removed and replaced by a vertical-lift bridge. Between the two bridges, on the eastern side of the river, a levee was built to separate the navigable eastern channel from the rest of the river.[citation needed]

During World War II the bridge was severely damaged by the German army as they retreated from the city in 1944, and it was rebuilt in 1948.[12] In 1962, the shipping channel to the east of the bridge was spanned by a steel drawbridge attached to the main bridge.[3][6]

In 1968 a Dutch postage stamp showing the bridge was issued.[13]

Servatius Bridge with a view to the center
Servatius Bridge with a view to Wijck

References

Dutch Rijksmonument 28026
  1. ^ a b McPhee, John (2010), Silk Parachute, Macmillan, p. 25, ISBN 0-374-26373-6.
  2. ^ Meijer, M. (2007), Stadswandelingen Nederland, ANWB Media - Boeken & Gidsen, p. 94, ISBN 978-90-18-02554-0.
  3. ^ a b c d e St. Serveasbrug Maastricht, Nederlandse Bruggen Stichting.
  4. ^ Sint Servaasbrug, Structurae.
  5. ^ a b The Low Countries: arts and society in Flanders and the Netherlands, Volume 9, Stichting Ons Erfdeel, 2001, p. 223.
  6. ^ a b Sint Servaas Lift Bridge, Structurae.
  7. ^ Müller, Norbert; Kelcey, John G. (2011), Plants and Habitats of European Cities, Springer, p. 240, ISBN 978-0-387-89683-0.
  8. ^ a b Bredero, Adriaan H. (1994), Christendom and Christianity in the Middle Ages: The Relations Between Religion, Church, and Society, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, p. 352, ISBN 978-0-8028-4992-2.
  9. ^ a b den Hartog, E. (2002), Romanesque sculpture in Maastricht, Bonnefantenmuseum, p. 139, ISBN 978-90-72251-31-2.
  10. ^ Auzias, Dominique (2011), Le Petit Futé Amsterdam Pays-Bas, Petit Futé, p. 453, ISBN 978-2-7469-3120-6.
  11. ^ "De legendarische Sint-Servatius". Historisch Nieuwsblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  12. ^ McDonald, George (2009), Frommer's Belgium, Holland & Luxembourg (11th ed.), Frommer's, p. 466, ISBN 978-0-470-38227-1.
  13. ^ Kronish, Syd (May 19, 1968), "Stamps in the News", The Victoria Advocate.
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