en Thripinae

Thripinae
	Adult onion thrips (Thrips tabaci, left) and; tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca, right)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Thysanoptera
Family:	Thripidae
Subfamily:	Thripinae; Stevens, 1829
Genera
	About 150

The Thripinae are a subfamily of thrips, insects of the order Thysanoptera. The Thripinae belong to the common thrips family Thripidae and include around 1,400 species in 150 genera.^[1] A 2012 molecular phylogeny found that the Thripinae was paraphyletic; further work will be needed to clarify the relationships within the group.^[2]

Notable members – some of them economically significant pests – are for example Anaphothrips susanensis, Megalurothrips distalis, Sciothrips caramomi, Scirtothrips dorsalis (chili thrips), Sorghothrips jonnaphilus, T. hawaiiensis, T. palmi (melon thrips) and T. tabaci (onion thrips).^[3]

The subfamily includes many pests, some of them invasive species. The chili thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis, is an Asian pest on many crops, including chili peppers, roses, strawberry, tea, ground nuts, and castor bean. The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, has recently expanded its range from western North America to large portions of Europe and Asia through the trade of greenhouse plants.^[4]

Selected species

Anaphothrips susanensis
Frankliniella bispinosa – Florida flower thrips
Frankliniella fusca – tobacco thrips
Frankliniella occidentalis – western flower thrips
Frankliniella robusta
Frankliniella schultzei – common blossom thrips
Kakothrips pisivorus - pea thrips
Limothrips denticornis – rye thrips
Limothrips pecerealium – grain thrips
Megalurothrips distalis
Scirtothrips dorsalis – chili thrips, yellow tea thrips
Scirtothrips perseae – avocado thrips
Sorghothrips jonnaphilus
Sciothrips caramomi
Stenchaetothrips - rice thrips
Taeniothrips inconsequens – pear thrips
Thrips angusticeps
Thrips atratus Haliday, 1836
Thrips hawaiiensis
Thrips meridionalis – pea thrips
Thrips montanus Priesner, 1920 (sometimes in T. atratus)
Thrips palmi – melon thrips
Thrips tabaci – onion thrips

Genera

The following genera belong to the subfamily Thripinae:

Anaphothrips Uzel, 1895^{i c g}
Anascirtothrips Bhatti, 1961^{i c g}
Apterothrips Bagnall, 1908^{i c g}
Aptinothrips Haliday, 1836^{i c g}
Arorathrips Bhatti, 1990^{i c g b}
Arpediothrips Hood, 1927^{i c g}
Asprothrips J. C. Crawford, 1938^{i c g}
Aurantothrips Bhatti, 1978^{i c g}
Baileyothrips Kono and O'Neill, 1964^{i c g}
Baliothrips Uzel, 1895^{i c g}
Belothrips Haliday, 1836^{i c g}
Bolacothrips Uzel, 1895^{i c g}
Bravothrips Johansen, 1966^{i c g}
Bregmatothrips Hood, 1912^{i c g}
Caprithrips Faure, 1933^{i c g}
Catinathrips O'Neill, 1967^{i c g}
Ceratothripoides Bagnall, 1918^{i c g}
Ceratothrips Reuter, 1899^{i c g}
Chaetanaphothrips Priesner, 1925^{i c g}
Chaetisothrips Priesner, 1957^{i c g}
Chilothrips Hood, 1916^{i c g}
Chirothrips Haliday, 1836^{i c g}
Ctenothrips Franklin, 1907^{i c g b}
Danothrips Bhatti, 1971^{i c g}
Dendrothripoides Bagnall, 1923^{i c g}
Dendrothrips Uzel, 1895^{i c g}
Dichromothrips Priesner, 1932^{i c g}
Drepanothrips Uzel, 1895^{i c g}
Echinothrips Moulton, 1911^{i c g b}
Ethirothrips Karny, 1925^{i c g}
Ewartithrips Nakahara, 1995^{i c g}
Firmothrips Schliephake, 1972^{i c g}
Frankliniella Karny, 1910^{i c g b}
Glaucothrips Karny, 1921^{i c g}
Hemianaphothrips Priesner, 1925^{i c g}
Iridothrips Priesner, 1940^{i c g}
Kakothrips Williams, 1914^c
Kurtomathrips Moulton, 1927^{i c g}
Leucothrips Reuter, 1904^{i c g}
Limothrips Haliday, 1836^{i c g}
Megalurothrips Bagnall, 1915^{i c g b}
Microcephalothrips Bagnall, 1926^{i c g}
Mycterothrips Trybom, 1910^{i c g}
Neohydatothrips John, 1929^{i c g}
Nesothrips Kirkaldy, 1907^{i c g}
Odontoanaphothrips Moulton, 1926^{i c g}
Odontothrips Amyot and Serville, 1843^{i c g}
Organothrips Hood, 1940^{i c g}
Oxythrips Uzel, 1895^{i c g}
Palmiothrips zur Strassen, 1965^{i c g}
Pezothrips Karny, 1907^{i c g}
Plesiothrips Hood, 1915^{i c g}
Proscirtothrips Karny, 1921^{i c g}
Prosopoanaphothrips Moulton, 1926^{i c g}
Prosopothrips Uzel, 1895^{i c g}
Pseudanaphothrips Karny, 1921^{i c g}
Pseudothrips Hinds, 1902^{i c g}
Psilothrips Hood, 1927^{i c g b}
Psydrothrips Palmer and Mound, 1985^{i c g}
Rhamphothrips Karny, 1913^{i c g}
Rhaphidothrips Uzel, 1895^{i c g}
Rhipiphorothrips Morgan, 1913^{i c g}
Salpingothrips Hood, 1935^{i c g b}
Scirtothrips Shull, 1909^{i c g b}
Scolothrips Hinds, 1902^{i c g b}
Sericopsothrips Hood, 1936^{i c g}
Sericothrips Haliday, 1836^{i c g}
Stenchaetothrips Bagnall, 1926
Synaptothrips Trybom, 1910^{i c g}
Taeniothrips Amyot and Serville, 1843^{i c g}
Tameothrips Bhatti, 1978^{i c g}
Tenothrips Bhatti, 1967^{i c g}
Thrips Linnaeus, 1758^{i c g b}
Tmetothrips Amyot and Serville, 1843^{i c g}
Toxonothrips Moulton, 1927^{i c g}
Trichromothrips Priesner, 1930^{i c g}
Xerothrips Nakahara, 1996^{i c g}
Zonothrips Priesner, 1926^{i c g}

Data sources: i=ITIS,^[5] c=Catalogue of Life,^[6] g=GBIF,^[7] b=Bugguide.net^[8]

References

^ Laurence Alfred Mound & Annette K. Walker (1982). "Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera)". In Laurence Alfred Mound (ed.). Fauna of New Zealand: Ko Te Aitanga Pepeke O Aotearoa, Vol. 1. DSIR Science Information Division. pp. 1–113. ISBN 978-0-477-06687-7.
^ Buckman, Rebecca S.; Mound, Laurence A.; Whiting, Michael F. (2012). "Phylogeny of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) based on five molecular loci". Systematic Entomology. 38 (1): 123–133. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00650.x.
^ T. N. Ananthakrishnan (2004). "Order Thysanoptera". General and Applied Entomology (2nd ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill. pp. 443–457. ISBN 978-0-07-043435-6.
^ William D. J. Kirk & L. Irene Terry (2003). "The spread of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)". Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 5 (4): 301–310. doi:10.1046/j.1461-9563.2003.00192.x.
^ "Thripinae Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
^ "Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2018-04-21.
^ "GBIF". Retrieved 2018-04-21.
^ "Thripinae Subfamily Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-21.

[1] Laurence Alfred Mound & Annette K. Walker (1982). "Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera)". In Laurence Alfred Mound (ed.). Fauna of New Zealand: Ko Te Aitanga Pepeke O Aotearoa, Vol. 1. DSIR Science Information Division. pp. 1–113. ISBN 978-0-477-06687-7.

[Buckman2012-2] Buckman, Rebecca S.; Mound, Laurence A.; Whiting, Michael F. (2012). "Phylogeny of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) based on five molecular loci". Systematic Entomology. 38 (1): 123–133. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00650.x.

[3] T. N. Ananthakrishnan (2004). "Order Thysanoptera". General and Applied Entomology (2nd ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill. pp. 443–457. ISBN 978-0-07-043435-6.

[4] William D. J. Kirk & L. Irene Terry (2003). "The spread of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)". Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 5 (4): 301–310. doi:10.1046/j.1461-9563.2003.00192.x.

[itis-5] "Thripinae Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-04-21.

[catlife-6] "Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2018-04-21.

[gbif-7] "GBIF". Retrieved 2018-04-21.

[bugref-8] "Thripinae Subfamily Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-21.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

Thripinae

Selected species

Genera

References

Portal di Ensiklopedia Dunia