Terminalia macroptera

Terminalia macroptera
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Combretaceae
Genus:	Terminalia
Species:	T. macroptera
Binomial name
Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr.

Terminalia macroptera is a species of flowering plant in the Combretaceae known by the Hausa common name kwandari. It is native to Africa, where it can be found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, and Nigeria.[1]

Uses

In several African countries Terminalia macroptera is used in traditional herbal medicine for infectious diseases,[2] tuberculosis, hepatitis,[3] and dysentery.[1] Extracts of the plant have shown in vitro activity against Helicobacter pylori[4] and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.[5]

Parts of the plant are also used to make dye and perfumes.[1]

Chemical constituents

The leaves contain chlorogenic acid, quercetin, isoorientin, the ellagitannins chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, punicalagin, and terflavin A, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Different methylated ellagic acid derivatives and the triterpenoid terminolic acid can be found in the heartwood.

Chemical structure of terminolic acid

The plant also contains the hydrolyzable tannins isoterchebulin and 4,6-O-isoterchebuloyl-d-glucose which have a tetraphenylic acid moiety (isoterchebulic acid).[6]

References

1. Ibrahim H (2005). "Pharmacognostic studies of the leaves of terminalia macroptera". Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine. 9: 14–18. doi:10.4314/njnpm.v9i1.11826.
2. Silva O, Duarte A, Pimentel M, Viegas S, Barroso H, Machado J, Pires I, Cabrita J, Gomes E (1997). "Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia macroptera root". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 57 (3): 203–7. doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00068-8. PMID 9292414.
3. Pham AT, Dvergsnes C, Togola A, Wangensteen H, Diallo D, Paulsen BS, Malterud KE (2011). "Terminalia macroptera, its current medicinal use and future perspectives". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 137 (3): 1486–91. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.029. hdl:10852/41479. PMID 21884779.
4. Silva O, Viegas S, De Mello-Sampayo C, Costa M, Serrano R, Cabrita J, Gomes ET (2012). "Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Terminalia macroptera root". Fitoterapia. 83 (5): 872–6. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2012.03.019. PMID 22465506.
5. Silva O, Ferreira E, Pato M, Caniça M, Gomes ET (2002). "In vitro anti-Neisseria gonorrhoeae activity of Terminalia macroptera leaves". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 211 (2): 203–6. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11225.x. PMID 12076813.
6. Conrad, Jürgen; Vogler, Bernhard; Reeb, Sabine; Klaiber, Iris; Papajewski, Stefan; Roos, Gudrun; Vasquez, Erlinda; Setzer, Mary C.; Kraus, Wolfgang (2001). "Isoterchebulin and 4,6-O-Isoterchebuloyl-d-glucose, Novel Hydrolyzable Tannins from Terminalia macroptera". Journal of Natural Products. 64 (3): 294–299. doi:10.1021/np000506v. PMID 11277742.

External links

• Terminalia macroptera in West African plants – A Photo Guide.