Stratonice of Syria

Stratonice
Antiochus I and Stratonice by Jacques-Louis David (1774)
Queen consort of the Seleucid Empire
Tenure	300–294 BC 281–261 BC
Coronation	300 BC at Rhosus, on the Pierian coast in Macedonia
Born	c. 320 BC
Died	September/October 254 BC (aged 65 or 66) Sardis (now Sart, Salihli, Manisa, Turkey)
Spouse	Seleucus I Nicator (300–294 BC) Antiochus I Soter (294–261 BC)
Issue	Phila Seleucus Laodice Apama II Stratonice II Antiochus II Theos
House	Antigonid
Father	Demetrius Poliorcetes or Antigonus Monophthalmus
Mother	Phila

Stratonice or Stratonica of Syria (Ancient Greek: Στρατoνίκη, Stratoníkē, "victory of the army", c. 320 BC – 254 BC) was Queen of the Seleucid Empire from 300 BC until 294 BC and from 281 BC until 261 BC.

Biography

Stratonice of Syria was the daughter of king Demetrius Poliorcetes and Phila, the daughter of Antipater. In 300 BC, at which time she could not have been more than seventeen years of age, her hand in marriage was sought by Seleucus, king of the Seleucid Empire. She was accompanied by her father Demetrius to Rhosus (on the Pierian coast in Macedonia) where the nuptials were celebrated.[1] Notwithstanding the disparity of their ages, she appears to have lived in perfect harmony with the old king for some years. Seleucus and Stratonice had one child, a daughter Phila, when it was discovered that her stepson Antiochus was deeply enamoured of her.

In order to save the life of his son (which was supposedly endangered by the violence of his passion), Seleucus gave up Stratonice in marriage to him in 294 BC. At the same time Seleucus announced that Antiochus would be king of the eastern provinces.[2] It is believed that the union, which produced five children, was a prosperous one. Antiochus named the city of Stratonikeia in Caria after Stratonice.[3][4]

In Babylonian texts, she is referred to as 'Astartanikku', a transliteration of her Greek name that seems to have been designed in order to draw a parallel with the goddess Astarte. She is also given titles that were otherwise reserved for Babylonian goddesses.[5]

Stratonice's death at Sardis is mentioned in the Astronomical Diaries in September or October 254 BC.[6]

Stratonice's children

By Seleucus I Nicator:

• Phila, who later married her uncle Antigonus II Gonatas.

By Antiochus I Soter:

• Seleucus, who was executed for rebellion.
• Laodice
• Apama II, who married Magas of Cyrene and was mother of Berenice II of Egypt.
• Stratonice II, who married her nephew/cousin Demetrius II Aetolicus (Phila's son by Antigonus II).
• Antiochus II Theos, who succeeded his father as king.

References

1. Plutarch, Parallel Lives, "Demetrius", 31, 32
2. Plutarch, 38; Appian, The Foreign Wars, "The Syrian Wars", 59
3. Strabo, Geography, xiv. 2; Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, s.v. "Stratoniceia"
4. "Johannes Malalas – translation". www.attalus.org. Retrieved 2019-01-22.
5. Del Monte, Giuseppe (1997). Testi della Babylonia ellenistica. p. 42.
6. Sachs, A. J. & H. Hunger, Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. I, no.-253 A₁ 10; A₂ 3

Bibliography

• Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Stratonice (3)" Archived 2015-01-24 at the Wayback Machine, Boston, (1867)
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Stratonice (3)". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.

External links

• Media related to Stratonice of Syria at Wikimedia Commons