Sporosarcina

Sporosarcina
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Bacillota
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Caryphanales
Family:	Caryophanaceae
Genus:	Sporosarcina Kluyver and van Niel 1936 emend. Yoon et al. 2001

Sporosarcina is a genus of bacteria.

Specification

The cells of the species of Sporosarcina are either rod-shaped or coccoid.[1] Sporosarcina forms endospores. The majority species of Sporosarcina is moveable (motile).

Metabolism

All species of Sporosarcina are heterotrophic. They do not perform photosynthesis.[1] A few species are obligate aerobic, they need oxygen. Others are facultative aerobic, they can also perform metabolism in the absence of oxygen.[1]

Ecology

Some species, such as S. ureae have the enzyme urease and are thus able to break down urea.[1] The species forms the highest population densities in soils that are subject to influence of urine. These include, for example, meadows where cattle are kept. Thus S. ureae plays an important role in the ecosystem.[2]

Molecular Signatures

Analyses of genome sequences of Sporosarcina species identified eight conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are uniquely present in this genus in the proteins aspartate–tRNA ligase, A/G-specific adenine glycosylase, thymidylate synthase, RDD family protein, DEAD/DEAH box helicase, membrane protein insertase YidC, cytochrome b6, and a hypothetical protein.[3] These molecular signatures provide a novel and reliable method to molecularly distinguishing Sporosarcina species from other genera in the family Caryophanaceae and other bacteria.

Systematics

Sporosarcina belongs to the Bacillota.[4] Some examples of species:

• Sporosarcina luteola Tominaga et al. 2009
• Sporosarcina aquimarina Yoon et al. 2001
• Sporosarcina contaminans Kämpfer et al. 2010
• Sporosarcina globispora (Larkin and Stokes 1967) Yoon et al. 2001
• Sporosarcina newyorkensis Wolfgang et al. 2012
• Sporosarcina pasteurii (Miquel 1889) Yoon et al. 2001
• Sporosarcina psychrophila (Nakamura 1984) Yoon et al. 2001
• Sporosarcina saromensis An et al. 2007
• Sporosarcina siberiensis Zhang et al. 2014
• Sporosarcina soli Kwon et al. 2007
• Sporosarcina terrae Sun et al. 2017
• Sporosarcina thermotolerans Kämpfer et al. 2010
• Sporosarcina ureae (Beijerinck 1901) Kluyver and van Niel 1936

References

1. Garrity, George M. (2009). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: The Firmicutes, Volume 3 of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.
2. Schlegel, Hans G. (1992). Allgemeine Mikrobiologie. ISBN 3-13-444607-3.
3. Gupta, Radhey S.; Patel, Sudip (2020-01-14). "Robust Demarcation of the Family Caryophanaceae (Planococcaceae) and Its Different Genera Including Three Novel Genera Based on Phylogenomics and Highly Specific Molecular Signatures". Frontiers in Microbiology. 10: 2821. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02821. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 6971209. PMID 32010063.
4. J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)