Smaragdia viridis

Smaragdia viridis
Five views of a shell of Smaragdia viridis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Neritimorpha
Order:	Cycloneritida
Family:	Neritidae
Genus:	Smaragdia
Species:	S. viridis
Binomial name
Smaragdia viridis (Linnaeus, 1758)[1]
Synonyms
Nerita matonia Risso, 1826 · unaccepted (synonym) Nerita pallidula Risso, 1826 Nerita viridis Linnaeus, 1758 Neritina (Smaragdia) viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) d (unaccepted combination) Neritina feuilleti Audouin, 1826 (dubious synonym) Neritina viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) (unaccepted combination) Smaragdia feuilletii (Audouin, 1826) Smaragdia viridemaris Mauri, 1917 (dubious synonym) Smaragdia viridis viridemaris Maury, 1917 Smaragdia viridis weyssei Russell, 1940

Smaragdia viridis. common name the "emerald nerite" is a species of small, green sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae, the nerites.[2]

Distribution

The distribution of Smaragdia viridis is disjunct, consisting of the Mediterranean Sea and the Caribbean Sea.[3]

Description

The shell is oval, depressed, light green with a yellowish hue, smooth and shiny. The shell often has interrupted fine bands or lines in white and/or purple. The columellar region of the shell is greenish white, broad, convex, margin curved and with fine teeth. The maximum length of the shell is 7.5 mm.[3] The maximum recorded shell length is 8 mm.[4]

The visible soft parts of the animal are the same shade of green as the shell.

Ecology

Smaragdia viridis is a marine littoral species.[3] Minimum recorded depth is 0 m.[4] Maximum recorded depth is 20 m.[4] It is documented to feed directly on seagrasses, rather than on their algae epiphytes, as is the case with many other seagrass-associated snails. The species it feeds on are different in the two different areas of its distribution. In the Mediterranean the species has been recorded feeding on Posidonia oceanica, Zostera marina and Cymodocea nodosa[5][6] whereas in the Caribbean it consumes Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii and Syringodium filiforme.[7]

References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference[3]

1. Linnaeus C. (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1–4], 1–824. Holmiae. (Salvius). p. 778.
2. Smaragdia viridis (Linnaeus, 1758). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 5 May 2010.
3. "Species summary for Smaragdia viridis". Animalbase, last modified 23 March 2011, accessed 14 April 2011.
4. Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.
5. Jose L. Rueda & Carmen Salas (2007). "Trophic dependence of the emerald neritid Smaragdia viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) on two seagrasses from European coasts". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 73 (2): 211–214. doi:10.1093/mollus/eym011.
6. Rueda J.L. et al. (2009) 'Herbivory on Zostera marina by the gastropod Smaragdia viridis ', Aquatic Botany, 90:253-260
7. Holzer K.K. et al. (2011) 'Caribbean seagrass as a food source for the emerald neritid Smaragdia viridis ', American Malacological Bulletin, 29:63–67

• Savigny, J-.C., 1817 Description de l'Egypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Egypte pendant l'expédition de l'Armée française, publié par les ordres de sa Majesté l'Empereur Napoléon le Grand. Histoire Naturelle, p. 339 pp
• Russell H. D. 1940. Some new Neritidae from the West Indies. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural “Felipe Poey”, 14(4): 257–262, pl. 46.
• Bouchet, P. & Danrigal, F., 1982. - Napoleon's Egyptian campaign (1798-1801) and the Savigny collection of shells. The Nautilus 96(1): 9-24
• Holzer, K. K.; Rueda, J. L.; McGlathery, K. J. (2011). Differences in the feeding ecology of two seagrass-associated snails. Estuaries and Coasts, 10 pp
• Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda.
• Rosenberg, G.; Moretzsohn, F.; García, E. F. (2009). Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas
• Fischer-Piette, E. & Vukadinovic, D. (1973). Sur les Mollusques Fluviatiles de Madagascar. Malacologia. 12: 339–378.

External links

• Risso, A. (1826-1827). Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Paris, F.G. Levrault. 3(XVI): 1-480, 14 pls
• Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.
• Audouin V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de Mollusques de l'Egypte et de la Syrie publiées par J.C. Savigny. in: Description de l'Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Egypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française, publié par les ordres de sa majesté l'empereur Napoléon le grand. Histoire Naturelle, Animaux invertébrés 1(4): 7-56. Paris: Imprimerie impériale