Silicate carbonate

The silicate carbonates are double salts that contain both silicate and carbonate in their formula. Most compounds are natural minerals containing calcium or rare earth elements. However, some have been made experimentally. Silicate carbonate minerals can be formed in limestone metamorphosed by heating from igneous intrusions.[1] Scawtite forms where the activity of calcium is high compared to H^+. Spurrite forms in a limited range of calcium activity and high silica activity.[2] In magma, a carbonate rich melt is imiscible with a silicate melt.[3]

Structures

Silicate carbonates contain carbonate triangles, and silicate tetrahedrons, SiO₄. Tillyite contains disilicate Si₂O₇ units.[1]

Properties

List

Thaumasite prisms

formula	name	structure	density	comment	ref
Ca4Si2O6(OH)2(CO3)	fukalite				[4]
Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3)	spurrite				[5]
Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2	tilleyite	monoclinic  =7.582 Å, b=10.265 Å, c =15.030 Å β=103.99°			[1]
Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2	post-Tilleyite				[1]
Ca6(CO3)1.58(Si2O7)0.21(OH)7Cl0.5(OH)0.08 (H2O)0.42	deferenite				[6]
Ca7(SiO4)3(CO3)	galuskinite				[1]
Ca7(Si6O18)(CO3)·2H2O	scawtite				[1]
Ca3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)•12H2O	thaumasite	Hexagonal a = 11.03, c = 10.4			[7]
Na7Ca[Al6Si6O24](CO3)1.5•2H2O	cancrinite	hexagonal a = 12.67 c = 5.15			[8]
(Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3)	meionite	tetragonal I4/m a = 12.179, c = 7.571, Z = 2			[9]
(Ca,Na)4Al6Si6O24(SO4,CO3)	silvialite
	scapolite				[10]
K2Ca[Si2O5](CO3)		P6322 a = 5.0479 c = 17.8668		artificial	[6]
KNa4Ca4[Si8O18](CO3)4F·H2O	carletonite				[6]
Y2(SiO4)(CO3)	iimoriite-(Y)	triclinic P1_ a=6.549 b=6.629 c=6.4395 α=116.36° β=92.56° γ=195.507°			[11]
Ca2Y2[SiO3]4(CO3)·H2O	kainosite				[6]
Ca4Y4[Si2O5]4(CO3)6·7H2O	caysichite				[6]
K5Na5Y12[Si2O5]14(CO3)8(OH)2·8H2O	ashcroftine				[6]
Na2Ba2FeTi[Si2O7](CO3) (OH)3F	bussenite				[6]
Ba6Fe3[Si8O23](CO3)2Cl3·H2O	fencooperite				[6]
La2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7)	alexkuznetsovite-(La)	P21/c Z = 4 a = 6.5642 b = 6.7689 c = 18.721 Å, β = 108.684° V = 788.00 Å^3			[12]
La2Fe^2+(CO3)(Si2O7)	biraite-(La)	P21/c Z = 4 a = 6.566 b = 6.767 c = 18.698 Å, β = 108.95° V = 785.7 Å^3			[12]
Ce2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7)	alexkuznetsovite-(Ce)	P21/c Z = 4 a = 6.5764 b = 6.7685 c = 18.749 Å, β = 108.672° V =790.7 Å^3			[12]
Ce2Fe^2+[Si2O7](CO3)	biraite	monoclinic P21/c, a 6.505 b 6.744 c 18.561 β=108.75°			[6][13]
Na2Ce2TiO2[SiO4](CO3)2	tundrite				[6]
(Y1.44Er0.56)[SiO4](CO3)	iimorite				[6]
Pb19.4Na1.9[Si10O25](CO3)9(OH)12.7				artificial	[14]
Cu4Pb4[SiO3](HCO3)4)OH)4Cl	ashburtonite				[6]

References

1. Santamaria-Perez, David; Ruiz-Fuertes, Javier; Peña-Alvarez, Miriam; Chulia-Jordan, Raquel; Marqueño, Tomas; Zimmer, Dominik; Gutiérrez-Cano, Vanessa; MacLeod, Simon; Gregoryanz, Eugene; Popescu, Catalin; Rodríguez-Hernández, Plácida; Muñoz, Alfonso (27 May 2019). "Post-tilleyite, a dense calcium silicate-carbonate phase". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 7898. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.7898S. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44326-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6536543. PMID 31133679.
2. Radha, A. V.; Navrotsky, A. (1 January 2013). "Thermodynamics of Carbonates". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 77 (1): 73–121. Bibcode:2013RvMG...77...73R. doi:10.2138/rmg.2013.77.3.
3. Berndt, Jasper; Klemme, Stephan (24 May 2022). "Origin of carbonatites—liquid immiscibility caught in the act". Nature Communications. 13 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30500-7. PMC 9130134.
4. Zhang, Yin-Qing; Radha, A.V.; Navrotsky, Alexandra (August 2013). "Thermochemistry of two calcium silicate carbonate minerals: scawtite, Ca7(Si6O18)(CO3)·2H2O, and spurrite, Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3)". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 115: 92–99. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.03.031.
5. Santamaria-Perez, David; Ruiz-Fuertes, Javier; Marqueño, Tomas; Pellicer-Porres, Julio; Chulia-Jordan, Raquel; MacLeod, Simon; Popescu, Catalin (11 December 2017). "Structural Behavior of Natural Silicate–Carbonate Spurrite Mineral, Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3), under High-Pressure, High-Temperature Conditions". Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (1): 98–105. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02101. PMID 29227639.
6. Belokoneva, Elena L.; Stefanovich, Sergey Yu.; Volkov, Anatoly S.; Dimitrova, Olga V. (October 2016). "A new nonlinear optical silicate carbonate K2Ca[Si2O5](CO3) with a hybrid structure of kalsilite and soda-like layered fragments". Solid State Sciences. 60: 23–27. doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2016.08.003.
7. "Thaumasite Mineral Data". www.webmineral.com.
8. "Cancrinite". Archived from the original on 2024-02-06. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
9. "Meionite".
10. "Scapolite: A metamorphic mineral and interesting gem". geology.com. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
11. "The atomic arrangement of iimoriite-(Y), Y 2 (SiO 4)(CO 3)" (PDF). The Canadian Mineralogist. 34 (4): 817–820.
12. Kasatkin, Anatoly V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Pekov, Igor V.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; Škoda, Radek; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Yu. Pushcharovsky, Dmitry (October 2021). "The mineralogy of the historical Mochalin Log REE deposit, South Urals, Russia. Part IV. Alexkuznetsovite-(La), La 2 Mn(CO 3 )(Si 2 O 7 ), alexkuznetsovite-(Ce), Ce 2 Mn(CO 3 )(Si 2 O 7 ) and biraite-(La), La 2 Fe 2+ (CO 3 )(Si 2 O 7 ), three new isostructural minerals and a definition of the biraite group". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (5): 772–783. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..772K. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.64. ISSN 0026-461X. S2CID 239701801.
13. Konev, Alexey; Pasero, Marco; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry; Merlino, Stefano; Kashaev, Anvar; Suvorova, Ludmila; Ushchapovskaya, Zinaida; Nartova, Nadezda; Lebedeva, Yulia; Chukanov, Nikita (2005-10-18). "Biraite-(Ce), Ce2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7), a new mineral from Siberia with a novel structure type". European Journal of Mineralogy. 17 (5): 715–721. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0715. ISSN 0935-1221.
14. Belokoneva, E. L.; Eremina, T. A.; Dimitrova, O. V.; Volkov, A. S. (January 2021). "New Lead Silicates: Structures and Topology and Symmetry Analysis". Crystallography Reports. 66 (1): 95–104. Bibcode:2021CryRp..66...95B. doi:10.1134/S1063774521010028. ISSN 1063-7745. S2CID 255201629.