Sara Pronunciation Gender Female Name day June 26 Language(s) Hebrew Meaning "noblewoman", "princess",[ 1] Region of origin Hebrew Alternative spelling Sara Nickname(s) Related names
Sara
Sarai
Sadie
Sasa
Seira
Sairah
Sally
Serah
Serafina
Seraphina
Popularity see popular names [ 2]
Sarah is a common feminine given name of Hebrew origin.[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] It derives its popularity from the biblical matriarch Sarah , the wife of Abraham and a major figure in the Abrahamic religions . It is a consistently popular given name across Europe , North America ,[ 1] and the Middle East — being commonly used as a female first name by Jews , Muslims , and Christians alike, and remaining popular also among non-religious members of cultures influenced by these religions.
In Hebrew , Sarah (שָׂרָה ) is the feminine form of the noun Sar (שַׂר ), which commonly translates to "chief", "ruler" or "prince". It is also related to the verb שָׂרָה , which is also the basis of the name Israel .[ 6] In Modern Hebrew , Sarah (שָׂרָה ) is the feminine form of the word for "minister". In Italy , Sara is a common nickname for the name Serafina /Seraphina, which is in turn derived from the word seraph , a high-ranking angel in the hierarchy of angels.
In the United States , Sarah has been counted among the top 150 given names since 1880, when name popularity statistics were first recorded in the United States. Sarah was ranked among the top 10 names from 1978 to 2002, reaching a plateau of popularity from the early 1980s to 1988. Every year since and including 1989, it has fallen in popularity, but it remained the 30th most–popular name for newborn girls in 2010. Its most common variant spelling, Sara, was number 121.[ 7]
The name has been similarly popular in Ireland and the United Kingdom . In England , it gained popularity after the Protestant Reformation .[ 1] In 2014, Sarah ranked as the tenth most popular female baby name in Ireland .[ 8]
In Nazi Germany , female Jews who did not have "typically Jewish" given names were forced to add "Sara" as of January 1939, whereas males were forced to add "Israel ".[ 9] [ 10]
Sarah in other languages
Albanian : Sara
Amharic : ሳራ (Sara)
Arabic : سارة
Aramaic : ܣܪܐ
Armenian : Սառա
Azerbaijani : Sara
Bashkir : Сара (Sara)
Belarusian : Сара (Sara)
Balochi : saraa
Bengali : সারাহ্, সারাহ (sarah); সারা (sara)
Biblical Greek : Sarra
Biblical Latin : Sara
Bosnian : Sara
*Bulgarian : Сара (Sara)
Catalan : Sara
Chinese Simplified : 莎拉 (pinyin : Shā lā)
Chinese Traditional : 莎拉 (pinyin : Shā lā)
Croatian : Sara
Czech : Sára
Danish : Sara
Dutch : Sarah, Sara
Estonian : Saara
English : Sarah, Sara, Sally
Faroese : Sára
Finnish : Saara, Sari, Saija , Salli, Sara
French : Sarah
German : Sarah, Sara
Greek : Σάρα (Sára)
Gujarati : સારાહ (Sārāha)
Haitian Creole : Sara
Hawaiian : Kala
Hebrew : שרה (Sārā)
Hindi : सराह (Sarāha)
Hungarian : Sára , Sári, Sárika, Sarolta, Sasa
Icelandic : Sara
Indonesian : Sarah, Sara
Iranian : سارا
Italian : Sara
Irish : Sorcha, Saraid
Japanese : サラ (Sara), 沙羅 (Sara)
Kannada : ಸಾರಾ (Sārā)
Khmer : សារ៉ា (Sara)
Korean : 사라 (Sara)
Lithuanian : Sara
Macedonian : Сара (Sara)
Maori : Hara
Marathi : सारा (Sārā)
Mongolian : Сара (Sara)
Malay : Sarah
Malayalam :: സാറ, Sara, Saramma
Nepali :: सारा (Sārā)
Norwegian :: Sara
Persian : ساره ,سارا
Polish : Sara
Portuguese : Sara
Romanian : Sara
Russian : Сара (Sara), Sarka, Sarra
Sanskrit : सार (Sara)
Serbian : Сара/Sara
Slovak : Sára
Slovene : Sara
Somali : Sahra
Spanish : Sara, Sarita, Zara
Swedish : Sara
Tamil : சாரா (Cārā)
Telugu : సారా (Sārā)
Thai : ซาร่าห์ (Sā r̀ā h̄̒)
Tigrigna : ሳራ (Sara)
Turkish : Sara, Sare
Uzbek : Sora
Ukrainian : Сара (Sara)
Urdu : سارہ
Vietnamese : Sara
Welsh : Sara
Yiddish : שרה (Soro), Sirke
People
Sarah, Crown Princess of Brunei
Sarah, Duchess of York (born 1959), British author, television personality, and former member of the British royal family
Sarah Abo , Australian television presenter, journalist and reporter
Sara Ahmed (born 1969), scholar and author
Sarah Alexander (born 1971), English actress
Sarah Aroeste (born 1976), Sephardic Jewish musician
Sarah Ashton-Cirillo (born 1977), American journalist and activist
Sarah Attar (born 1992), Saudi Arabian-American distance runner
Sarah Austin (entrepreneur) (born 1986), American author and tech entrepreneur
Sarah Baartman (1789–1815), Khoikhoi woman
Sarah Franklin Bache (1743–1808), daughter of Benjamin Franklin and Deborah Read
Sarah Baker (actress) , American actress and comedian
Sarah Gertrude Banks (1839–1926), American physician and suffragist
Sarah Beeny (born 1972), English property developer and TV presenter
Sarah Bernhardt (1844–1923), French stage actress
Sarah Uriarte Berry (born 1969), American actress and singer
Sarah Blasko (born 1976), Australian singer, songwriter, musician and record producer
Sarah Bolger (born 1991), Irish actress
Sarah Bonnici (born 1998), Maltese singer
Sarah Borwell (born 1979), British tennis player
Sarah A. Bowman (1813–1866), Irish American innkeeper, restaurateur, and madam
Sarah Rees Brennan (born 1983), Irish children’s writer
Sarah Emi Bridcutt (born 1989), Japanese voice actress
Sarah Brightman (born 1960), British singer and actress
Sarah Jane Brown (born 1963), British campaigner for global health and education
Sarah Bryce (born 2000), Scottish cricketer
Sarah Bush Lincoln (1788–1869), stepmother of Abraham Lincoln
Sarah Buxton (born 1980), American musician
Sarah G. Buxton (born 1965), American actress
Sarah Byford , British economist
Sarah Wayne Callies (born 1977), American actress
Sarah Carter (born 1980), Canadian-American actress
Sarah Chalke (born 1976), Canadian actress and model
Sarah Champion (born 1969), British politician
Sarah Chang (born 1980), Korean American classical violinist
Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (1660–1744), British duchess
Sarah Churchill (actress) (1914–1982), British actress and dancer
Sarah Clarke (born 1972), American actress
Sarah Colonna (born 1974), American stand-up comedian, actress, and comedy writer
Sarah Connolly (born 1963), English mezzo—soprano
Sarah Connor (singer) (born 1980), German singer
Sarah Palfrey Cooke (1912–1996), American tennis player
Sarah Cooper (born 1977), Jamaican American comedian and author
Sarah Coyte (born 1991), Australian cricketer
Sarah Cracknell (born 1965), English singer-songwriter and lead singer of the electronic music band Saint Etienne
Sarah Darling (born 1982), American musician
Sarah Dash (1945–2021), American singer
Sarah Davis (politician) (born 1976), American politician
Sarah Desjardins (born 1994), Canadian actress
Sarah Dessen (born 1970), American writer and novelist
Sarah Dines (born 1965), British politician
Sarah Dorsey (1829–1879), American novelist and historian
Sarah Douglas (actress) (born 1952), English actress
Sarah Drew (born 1980), American actress and director
Sarah Dunant (born 1950), English writer, broadcaster and critic
Sarah Edmondson , Canadian actress and podcaster
Sarah Emma Edmonds (1841–1898), British North American-born woman
Sarah Edwards (actress) (1881–1965), American actress
Sarah Edwards (missionary) (1710–1758), American mystic
Sarah Fyge Egerton (1668–1723), British writer
Sarah Elfreth (born 1988), American politician in Maryland
Sarah Elliott (cricketer) (born 1982), Australian women’s cricketer
Sarah Ellis (author) (born 1952), Canadian children’s writer and librarian
Sarah Elmaleh , American voice actor
Sarah Engels (born 1992), German pop singer and TV personality
Sarah Featherstone (born 1966), British architect
Sarah Feinberg (born 1977), American civil servant
Sarah Ferguson (journalist) (born 1965), Australian journalist, reporter and television presenter
Sarah Fielding (1710–1768), British writer
Sarah Dawn Finer (born 1981), Swedish singer, songwriter and actress
Sarah Finnegan (born 1996), American artistic gymnast
Sarah Fisher (born 1980), American race car driver
Sarah Forbes Bonetta (1843–1880), West African princess
Sarah Foot (born 1961), British historian and Anglican priest
Sarah Frey (born 1976), American farmer and entrepreneur
Sarah Fuller Flower Adams (1805–1848), English poet and hymnwriter
Sarah Fuller (athlete) (born 1999), American soccer and football player
Sarah E. Gabbett (1833-1911), American medal designer and first Custodian of the Southern Cross of Honor
Sarah Gadon (born 1987), Canadian actress
Sarah Gailey (born 1990), American author
Sarah Michelle Gellar (born 1977), American actress
Sarah Geronimo (born 1988), Filipino singer and actress
Sarah Gilbert (born 1962), English vaccinologist
Sarah Godlewski (born 1981), American businesswoman and politician
Sarah Goldberg (born 1985), Canadian actress
Sarah Good (1655–1692), woman executed in the Salem Witch Trials
Sarah E. Goode (1855–1905), American entrepreneur and inventor
Sarah Goodridge (1788–1853), American artist
Sarah Gorden (born 1992), American soccer player
Sarah Urist Green (born 1979), American art museum curator, author, and creator
Sarah Greene (born 1957), English TV presenter
Sarah Greene (actress) (born 1984), Irish actress and singer
Sarah Moore Grimké (1792–1873), American abolitionist
Sarah Grochala (born 1973), British playwright
Sarah Harrington , British artist
Sarah Israelit Groll (1925–2007), Israeli Egyptologist and linguist
Sarah Ogan Gunning (1910–1983), American songwriter and folk singer
Sarah Hadland (born 1971), English actress
Sarah Haffner (1940–2018), German—British author, painter and active feminist
Sarah Haider (born 1991), American writer, public speaker, and political activist
Sarah Josepha Hale (1788–1879), American writer, activist and editor
Sarah C. Hall (1832-1926), American physician, suffragist
Sarah Toscano , (born 2004), Italian singer-songwriter
Sarah Tyson Hallowell (1846–1924), American art curator
Sarah Harding (1981–2021), English singer, model and actress
Sarah Harmer (born 1970), Canadian singer, songwriter and environmental activist
Sarah Hart (disambiguation) , several people
Sarah Hay (born 1987), American actress and ballerina
Sarah Heap (1870–1960), New Zealand physical education teacher and drill mistress
Sarah Hegazi (1989–2020), Egyptian socialist, writer and lesbian activist
Sarah Henderson (born 1964), Australian politician, lawyer and former journalist
Sarah Hirini (born 1992), New Zealand rugby Union player
Sarah Hirshland (born 1975), chief executive officer of the United States Olympic Committee
Sarah A. Hoyt (born 1962), Portuguese-born American science fiction, fantasy, mystery, and historical fiction writer
Sarah Blaffer Hrdy (born 1946), American anthropologist and primatologist
Sarah Hudson (singer) (born 1984), American singer and musician
Sarah A. Hughes (1847-1816), African Methodist Episcopal preacher
Sarah T. Hughes (1896–1985), American lawyer and federal judge
Sarah Hughes (born 1985), American politician and former competitive figure skater
Sarah Hyland (born 1990), American actress
Sarah Ichioka , American urban planner and art curator
Sarah Idan (born 1990), Iraqi-American model, television host, musician, beauty pageant titleholder, and politician
Sarah Iliev (born 2006), French female tennis player
Sarah Illingworth (born 1963), English-born New Zealand former cricketer
Sarah Imovbioh (born 1992), Nigerian basketball player
Sarah Inghelbrecht (born 1992), Belgian road and track cyclist
Sarah Ioannides (born 1972), British conductor, collaborator and multimedia
Sarah Irving , Canadian businesswoman
Sarah Isgur (born 1982), American lawyer and political operative
Sarah Iversen (born 1990), Danish handball player
Sarah Noble Ives (1864–1944), American painter, illustrator and writer
Sarah Yorke Jackson (1805–1887), First Lady of the United States
Sarah Jaffe (born 1986), American musician from Denton, Texas
Sarah Jarosz (born 1991), American musician
Sarah Jeffery (born 1996), Canadian actress
Sarah Orne Jewett (1849–1909), American novelist, short story writer and poet
Sarah Anne Johnson (born 1976), Canadian artist
Sarah Iles Johnston (born 1957), American classical scholar
Sarah Jones (screen actress) , American actress
Sarah Jurgens , Canadian actress, producer, casting director, model, photographer and multimedia artist
Sarah Kamya , creator of Little Free Diverse Library project
Sarah Kane (1971–1999), English playwright, screenwriter and theatre director
Sarah Kaufman (born 1985), Canadian mixed martial artist
Sarah Kendall (born 1976), Australian comedian
Sarah Kendzior (born 1978), American author, anthropologist, researcher, and scholar
Sarah Kennedy (born 1950), British DJ
Sarah Keyworth (born 1993), English stand-up comedian
Sarah Khan (born 1992), Pakistani actress
Sarah Kinsley (born 2000), American singer-songwriter
Sarah Knauss (1880–1999), American supercentenarian
Sarah Kemble Knight (1666–1727), American teacher and businesswoman
Sarah Koenig (born 1969), American journalist and podcast host
Sarah Kofman (1934–1994), French philosopher
Sarah Lacina (born 1984), American reality show contestant
Sarah Lahbati (born 1993), Swiss-born Filipino actress and reality star
Sarah Lancashire (born 1964), English actress
Sarah Lancaster , American actress
Sarah Lane (born 1984), American ballet dancer
Sarah Lawrence (educator) (1780–1859), English educator, writer and literary editor
Sarah Levy (actress) (born 1986), Canadian actress
Sarah Levy (rugby union) (born 1995), American Olympic rugby union and rugby sevens player
Sarah Lind (born 1982), Canadian actress
Sarah Logan (born 1993), American professional wrestler
Sarah Longwell , American political strategist and publisher
Sarah Lucas (born 1962), English photographer and sculptor
Sarah J. Maas (born 1986), American writer
Sarah Ladipo Manyika , British-Nigerian writer
Sarah Mardini (born 1995), Syrian former competition swimmer, lifeguard and human rights activist
Sarah Y. Mason (1896–1980), American screenwriter and script supervisor
Sarah McBride (born 1990), American transgender rights activist and politician
Sarah McGuinness , Irish singer, composer, producer, director, and screenwriter
Sarah Galt Elwood McKee (1842–1934), Canadian social reformer and temperance leader
Sarah McLachlan (born 1968), Canadian musician, singer and songwriter
Sarah McLeod (musician) (born 1973), Australian singer-songwriter
Sarah Meier (born 1984), Swiss figure skater
Sarah Newcomb Merrick (1844–1922), Canadian-born American educator, writer, businesswoman and physician
Sarah Miles (born 1941), British actress
Sarah Millican (born 1975), English comedian, writer and presenter
Sarah Mirr (born 2000), American soccer player
Sarah Monette (born 1974), American novelist and short story writer
Sarah Mortensen (born 1997), Danish basketballer
Sarah Mullally (born 1962), British Anglican bishop, Lord Spiritual and former nurse
Sarah Murdoch (born 1972), British-Australian model, actress, and television presenter
Sarah Natochenny , American voice actress and film director
Sarah Nemtsov (born 1980), German composer
Sarah Neufeld (born 1979), Canadian musician
Sarah Newton (born 1961), British politician
Sarah Niles , British film, TV and theatre actress
Sarah Nixey (born 1973), British singer-songwriter
Sarah Noriega (born 1976), American volleyball player, collegiate champion and Olympic athlete
Sarah Nurse (born 1995), Canadian ice hockey player
Sarah Nuttall , South African academic and cultural critic
Sarah Ockwell-Smith , English writer
Sarah O’Connor , American molecular biologist
Sarah Onyango Obama (1922–2021), Kenyan educator and philanthropist
Sarah Olney (born 1977), British politician
Sarah Oppenheimer (born 1972), American artist
Sarah Ortmeyer , German artist
Sarah Osborne , colonist in the Massachusetts Bay colony and one of the first women to be accused of witchcraft in the Salem witch trials of 1692
Sarah Otto (born 1967), Canadian scientist
Sarah Ourahmoune (born 1982), French former female boxer
Sarah Outen (born 1985), British athlete and adventurer
Sarah Owen (born 1983), British politician and trade unionist
Sarah Palin (born 1964), American politician, commentator, author and TV personality
Sarah Parish (born 1968), English actress
Sarah Jessica Parker (born 1965), American actress and TV producer
Sarah Paulson (born 1974), American actress
Sarah Jo Pender (born 1979), American murderer
Sarah Pett , British medical researcher
Sarah Phelps , British television screenwriter, radio writer, playwright and television producer
Sarah Pinborough , English author and screenwriter
Sarah Pinsker , American science fiction and fantasy author
Sarah Polley (born 1979), Canadian filmmaker, writer, political activist and retired actress
Sarah Pudifin-Jones , South African lawyer
Sarah Quigley , New Zealand author
Sarah Quintrell , English writer, producer and actress
Sarah Quraishi , Pakistani aerospace engineer
Sarah Rafferty (born 1972), American film and TV actress
Sarah Ramos (born 1991), American actress
Sarah N. Randolph (1839–1892), American educator, school principal, historian, and an author
Sarah Rector (1902–1967), African American member of the Muskogee (Creek) Nation
Sarah Reeves (born 1989), American musician and singer
Sarah E. Reisman , American chemist
Sarah Mower Requa (1829–1922), American philanthropist and California pioneer
Sarah Rice (1955–2024), U.S. stage actress
Sarah Rice (banker) (died 1842), English businesswoman
Sarah Richardson (born 1971), Canadian interior designer and television personality
Sarah Roberts (actress) (born 1984), Australian TV and film actress
Sarah Robles (born 1988), American weightlifter
Sarah Roemer (born 1984), American actress
Sarah Rogers Haight (1808–1881), American traveler and writer
Sarah Romert (born 1994), German footballer
Sarah Rowe (born 1995), Australian rules footballer
Sarah Ruden (born 1962), American writer
Sarah Ruhl (born 1974), American playwright, poet, professor, and essayist
Sarah Huckabee Sanders (born 1982), American politician and political press secretary
Sarah Schulman (born 1958), American novelist, playwright, nonfiction writer, screenwriter, gay activist, and AIDS historian
Sarah Shahi (born 1980), American actress
Sarah Sherman (born 1993), American comedian, actress and screenwriter
Sarah Siddons (1755–1831), Welsh actress
Sarah Silverman (born 1970), American comedian, actress and writer
Sarah Sjöström (born 1993), Swedish swimmer
Sarah Slean (born 1977), Canadian singer-songwriter, composer and musician
Sarah K. Smith , artist and educator
Sarah Kirkland Snider (born 1973), American composer
Sarah Snook (born 1987), Australian actress
Sarah Solemani (born 1982), English actress, writer and activist
Sarah Springman (born 1956), British-Swiss triathlete, civil engineer, and academic
Sarah Stiles (born 1979), American singer-actor
Sarah Stock (born 1979), American professional wrestler
Sarah Sutherland (born 1988), Canadian-American actress
Sarah Taylor (cricketer) (born 1989), English women cricketer
Sarah Teather (born 1974), British politician
Sarah Thomas (American football official) (born 1973), American football official
Sarah Thomas (marathon swimmer) , American marathon swimmer
Sarah Thompson (actress) (born 1979), American actress
Sarah Thomson (publisher) (born 1968), Canadian politician
Sarah Thornton (born 1965), Canadian writer, ethnographer and sociologist
Sarah Tishkoff (born 1965), American geneticist
Sarah Treem , American playwright, writer and producer
Sarah Trigger (born 1968), British actress
Sarah Trimmer (1741–1810), British author and editor
Sarah True (born 1981), American triathlete
Sarah E. Turner (born 1966), American professor of economics and education and Souder Family Endowed Chair at the University of Virginia
Sarah Ulmer (born 1976), New Zealand former cyclist
Sarah Unsicker (born 1976), American politician
Sarah Updike Goddard , American printer and newspaper publisher
Sarah Utterback (born 1982), American actress
Sarah Uwera (born 1996), Rwandan cricketer and a former captain of the Rwanda women's cricket team
Sarah Vaillancourt (born 1985), Canadian women’s ice hockey player
Sarah Van Den Boom , French animation film director and co-founder of the Papy3D Productions
Sarah Vaughan (1924–1990), American jazz and classical singer
Sarah Vaughan (writer) , British writer and journalist
Sarah Villiers, Countess of Jersey (1785–1867), English noblewoman and banker
Sarah Vinci (born 1991), Australian Paralympic wheelchair basketball player
Sarah Vine (born 1967), British columnist
Sarah Vogel , American farm advocate, author, former politician, and lawyer
Sarah Voss (born 1999), German artistic gymnast
Sarah Vowell (born 1969), American historian, author, journalist, essayist, social commentator and actress
Sarah Walsh (born 1983), Australian soccer player
Sarah Washington , British singer
Sarah Waters (born 1966), Welsh novelist
Sarah Weddington (1945–2021), American attorney, law professor, advocate for women's rights and reproductive health, and member of the Texas House of Representatives
Sarah Leah Whitson , American lawyer and the executive director
Sarah Wiedenheft , Dutch-American voice actress
Sarah Wildes (1627–1692), wrongly convicted of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials
Sarah Anne Williams , American voice actress
Sarah D. Winans (1841–1915), American organizational leader
Sarah Winchester (1839–1922), American heiress and occultist
Sarah Winnemucca , Northern Paiute writer, activist and educator
Sarah Wollaston (born 1962), British politician
Sarah Woodward (born 1963), British actress
Sarah Wright (born 1983), American actress
Sarah X Dylan (born 1980), American Internet radio host, Internet television host, former radio producer and talk show co-host
Sarah Yates (born 1987), British artist
Sarah York (born 1978), American pen pal of Manuel Noriega
Sarah Young (author) (1946–2023), American Christian author
Sarah Young (DJ) (born 1989), British DJ and record producer
Sarah Young (immunologist) , New Zealand immunologist
Sarah Yuster (born 1957), American painter
Sarah Zadrazil (born 1993), Austrian association football player
Sarah Zapata (born 1988), Peruvian-American textile artist
Sarah Zar , American visual artist, songwriter, performance artist, curator, and a musical saw player
Sarah Zechman , professor of business
Sarah Zeid (born 1972), Jordanian princess
Sarah Zerbes (born 1978), German algebraic number theorist
Sarah Zettel (born 1966), American author
Sarah Zucker , American visual artist and writer
Fictional characters
Sarah Baker, the fifth child in "The Bakers" family in the Cheaper by the Dozen film
Sarah Connor , a fictional character and the main protagonist of the Terminator franchise
Sarah Huttinger, main character in Rumor has it... , played by Jennifer Aniston
Sarah Jones, a fictional character from the Welsh animated series Fireman Sam
Sarah Kerrigan , a character in Blizzard Entertainment's StarCraft franchise
Sarah Phillips, a fictional character and one of three main protagonists of the 2002 DIC Entertainment television cartoon Liberty's Kids
Sarah Platt , a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street
Sarah Jane Smith , a fictional character played by Elisabeth Sladen in the BBC Television science fiction series Doctor Who and two of its spin-offs
Sarah the Sunday Fairy, a fictional character in the British book series Rainbow Magic
Sarah Walker (Chuck) , the alias of one of the main characters of the television show Chuck on NBC
Sarah Williams (Labyrinth) , a fictional character and the protagonist of the 1986 fantasy film Labyrinth
Sarah, a fictional character from the Cartoon Network animated TV series Ed, Edd n Eddy
See also
References
^ a b c "Behind the Name: Sarah" . Retrieved 28 August 2018 .
^ Sarah – Meaning and origin of the name Sarah
^ "The amazing name Sarah: Meaning and etymology" .
^ "Sarah Name Meaning (Origin, Popularity & Nicknames)" . 30 September 2022.
^ "Sarah | Etymology of the name sarah by etymonline" .
^ "The amazing name Sarah: Meaning and etymology" .
^ Popular Baby Names Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine , Social Security Administration, United States. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
^ "PASSPORTS ISSUED 2014 - 3 Years of Age or Under" (PDF) . Retrieved 6 March 2015 .
^ "Law on Alteration of Family and Personal Names — United States Holocaust Memorial Museum" .
^ Schreiber, Mordecai; Schiff, Alvin I.; Klenicki, Leon (2003), The Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia , Schreiber, ISBN 9781887563772