SMS Crocodill (1860)

For other ships with the same name, see SMS Crocodill.

Crocodill's sister Fuchs
History
Name	Crocodill
Namesake	Crocodile
Operator	Prussian Navy
Builder	Mitzlaff, Elbing
Laid down	1859
Launched	January 1860
Stricken	14 March 1867
Fate	Broken up
General characteristics
Type	Gunboat
Displacement	Design: 237 t (233 long tons) Full load: 283 t (279 long tons)
Length	41.2 m (135 ft 2 in)
Beam	6.69 m (21 ft 11 in)
Draft	2.2 m (7 ft 3 in)
Installed power	4 × boilers 220 PS (220 ihp)
Propulsion	2 × marine steam engines 1 × screw propeller
Speed	9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph)
Complement	2 officers 38 enlisted
Armament	1 × 24-pounder gun 2 × 12-pounder guns

SMS Crocodill was a steam gunboat of the Jäger class built for the Prussian Navy in the late 1850s and early 1860s. The ship was ordered as part of a program to strengthen Prussia's coastal defense forces, then oriented against neighboring Denmark. She was armed with a battery of three guns. The ship saw very little activity during her career; she was commissioned only once, during the Second Schleswig War against Denmark in 1864. The ship was already in very poor condition by that time as a result of dry rot of her wooden hull. She was broken up in 1867, the first member of her class to be discarded.

Design

Main article: Jäger-class gunboat

The Jäger class of gunboats came about as a result of a program to strengthen the Prussian Navy in the late 1850s in the aftermath of the dissolution of the Reichsflotte and in the midst of rising tensions with Denmark. In 1859, Prince Regent Wilhelm approved a construction program for some fifty-two gunboats to be built over the next fifteen years, which began with the fifteen vessels of the Jäger class.[1]

Crocodill was 41.2 meters (135 ft 2 in) long overall, with a beam of 6.69 m (21 ft 11 in) and a draft of 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in). She displaced 237 metric tons (233 long tons) normally and 283 t (279 long tons) at full load. The ship's crew consisted of 2 officers and 38 enlisted men. She was powered by a pair of marine steam engines that drove one 3-bladed screw propeller, with steam provided by four coal-fired trunk boilers, which gave her a top speed of 9.1 knots (16.9 km/h; 10.5 mph) at 220 metric horsepower (220 ihp). As built, she was equipped with a three-masted schooner rig, which was later removed. The ship was armed with a battery of one rifled 24-pounder muzzle-loading gun and two rifled 12-pounder muzzle-loading guns.[2][3]

Service history

Crocodill was laid down at the Mitzlaff shipyard in Elbing in 1859,[4] and she was launched in late January 1860. Named after the crocodile, the ship was completed later that year, and after conducting her initial sea trials in the fall of 1860, she was moved to Stralsund before being laid up on the island of Dänholm.[5] While out of service, her copper sheathing was removed from her hull so ventilation holes could be cut into the outer planking. Her entire propulsion system, including the masts and the funnel, was removed and a roof was erected over the hull to keep the elements out.[6]

The ship remained out of service for the next few years. On 8 December 1863, the Prussian Navy ordered the fleet to mobilize, as tensions between Prussia and Denmark over the Schleswig–Holstein question rose sharply. Mobilization meant that Crocodill and the rest of the gunboats at Stralsund would have to be reconstructed.[7] When the shipyard began to reactivate the ship, the workers found that the preservation efforts had not been successful, and by the start of the Second Schleswig War in February 1864, Crocodill was found to be badly dry rotted. Temporary repairs to the hull were made to allow her to be mobilized for use as a floating battery to defend Stralsund in the event of a Danish amphibious assault, which did not materialize. After a few months of service, she was again laid up.[5] Crocodill remained in the fleet's inventory for just a short time, before being struck from the naval register on 14 March 1867 and thereafter broken up. She was the first ship of her class to be discarded.[6]

Notes

1. Nottelmann, pp. 65–66.
2. Gröner, pp. 132–133.
3. Lyon, p. 259.
4. Gröner, p. 133.
5. Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz, p. 197.
6. Gröner, p. 132.
7. Greene & Massignani, p. 196.

References

• Gröner, Erich (1990). German Warships: 1815–1945. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-790-6.
• Greene, Jack & Massignani, Alessandro (1998). Ironclads at War: The Origin and Development of the Armored Warship, 1854–1891. Pennsylvania: Combined Publishing. ISBN 978-0-938289-58-6.
• Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart [The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present] (in German). Vol. 2. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8364-9743-5.
• Lyon, David (1979). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 240–265. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.
• Nottelmann, Dirk (2022). "The Development of the Small Cruiser in the Imperial German Navy Part III: The Gunboats". In Jordan, John (ed.). Warship 2022. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 63–79. ISBN 978-1-4728-4781-2.