Robert Lewis Dabney

Robert Lewis Dabney
Born	Robert Lewis Dabney (1820-03-05)March 5, 1820
Died	January 3, 1898(1898-01-03) (aged 77)
Resting place	Union Presbyterian Seminary Cemetery[1] Hampden-Sydney, Virginia, U.S.
Education	Hampden-Sydney College University of Virginia Union Theological Seminary
Occupations	Theologian educator architect
Parent(s)	Charles Dabney Elizabeth Randolph Price Dabney.
Signature

Robert Lewis Dabney (March 5, 1820 – January 3, 1898) was a Southern Presbyterian pastor and theologian, Confederate army chaplain, and architect from Virginia. He was also chief of staff and biographer to Stonewall Jackson; his biography of Jackson remains in print today.

Dabney and James Henley Thornwell were two of Southern Presbyterianism's most influential scholars. They were both Calvinist, Old School Presbyterians, and social conservatives. Some conservative Presbyterians, particularly within the Presbyterian Church in America and the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, still value their theological writings, although some within these churches have repudiated Dabney's and Thornwell's beliefs in support of white supremacy and antebellum slavery.[2][3]

Life and career

Early life

Robert Lewis Dabney was born on March 5, 1820. He was the sixth child (third son) of Charles William Dabney (1786–1833) and Elizabeth Randolph Price Dabney, and a descendant of Cornelius Dabney, who settled in Virginia in the 17th century.[4][5][6] His brother, Charles William Dabney (1809–1895) was the captain of Company C, 15th Virginia Infantry Regiment.[7]

Dabney graduated from Hampden-Sydney College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1837, and received a master's degree from the University of Virginia in 1842. He graduated from Union Theological Seminary in 1846.[8]

Career

Dabney served as a missionary in Louisa County, Virginia, from 1846 to 1847 and pastor at Tinkling Spring Presbyterian Church from 1847 to 1853, being also head master of a classical school for a portion of this time. He is considered a distinguished son of Providence Presbyterian Church.[9] It was at Tinkling Spring that he met Margaret Lavinia Morrison. They were married on March 28, 1848. They had six sons together, three of whom died in childhood from diphtheria (two in 1855, the other in 1862). From 1853 to 1859, he was professor of ecclesiastical history and polity and from 1859 to 1869 adjunct professor of systematic theology in Virginia's Union Theological Seminary, where he later became full professor of systematics.

Dabney – whose wife was a third cousin to Confederate General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson's wife – participated in the American Civil War on the Confederate side. During the summer of 1861 he was chaplain of the 18th Virginia Infantry, and in the following year was invited by Jackson to be his chief of staff; he served with Jackson during the Valley Campaign and the Seven Days Battles.

In 1867, he published A Defense of Virginia, and Through Her, of the South, in Recent and Pending Contests Against the Sectional Party, an apologia for slavery.

In 1868, he delivered "Ecclesiastical Relation of Negroes", a speech advocating for white supremacy in the church.

In 1883, he was appointed professor of mental and moral philosophy in the University of Texas.

By 1894, failing health compelled him to retire from active life, although he still lectured occasionally. He was co-pastor, with his brother-in-law B. M. Smith, of the Hampden-Sydney College Church 1858 to 1874, also serving Hampden-Sydney College in a professorial capacity on occasions of vacancies in its faculty.

College Church at Hampden–Sydney College, c. 1860, designed by Dabney.

Portrait of Dabney.

Architecture

Dabney's designs for the Tinkling Spring Presbyterian Church and for two other churches in Virginia are credited with influencing church architecture in Virginia.[10] Three works associated with Dabney are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places: Tinkling Spring Presbyterian Church; Briery Church, in Briery, Virginia; and New Providence Presbyterian Church, near Brownsburg, Virginia.[11]

Death

Dabney died on January 3, 1898, due to complications from an acute illness.

Major works

• Memoir of Rev. Dr. Francis S. Sampson (1855), whose commentary on Hebrews he edited (1857)
• Life of General Thomas J. Jackson (1866)
• A Defense of Virginia, and Through Her, of the South, in Recent and Pending Contests Against the Sectional Party (1867), an apologia for chattel slavery.
• Ecclesiastical Relation of Negroes: Speech of Rev. Robert L. Dabney, in the Synod of Virginia, Nov. 9, 1867; Against the Ecclesiastical Equality of Negro Preachers in Our Church, and Their Right to Rule Over White Christians (1868)
• Lectures on Sacred Rhetoric (1870)
• Women's Rights (1871)
• Syllabus and Notes of the Course of Systematic and Polemic Theology (1871; 2nd ed. 1878), later republished as Systematic Theology.
• Systematic Theology (1878)
• Sensualistic Philosophy of the Nineteenth Century Examined (1875; 2nd ed. 1887)
• Practical Philosophy (1897)
• The Doctrinal Various Readings of the New Testament Greek (HTML)
• Penal Character of the Atonement of Christ Discussed in the Light of Recent Popular Heresies (1898, posthumous), on the satisfaction view of the atonement.
• Discussions (1890–1897), Four volumes of his shorter essays, edited by C. R. Vaughan.

1. Theological and Evangelical (1890)
2. Evangelical (1891)
3. Philosophical (1892)
4. Secular (1897)

Also expanded later into five volumes, with the fifth volume consisting of selected shorter works, edited by J. H. Varner, published by Sprinkle Publications in 1999.[12]

References

1. "Robert Lewis Dabney". Find A Grave. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
2. "E-Books". PCA Historical Center. Retrieved 2007-03-11. Any statements in [Thomas Cary Johnson's History of the Southern Presbyterian Church] in support of the institution of slavery or in support of racial supremacy should be clearly and obviously understood to be rejected by the Presbyterian Church in America, by the PCA Historical Center, and by the Center's director.
3. "Hermeneutics of Women in Ordained Office". Fifty-fourth General Assembly (report). Orthodox Presbyterian Church. 1987. Retrieved 2007-03-11. Slavery is a man-made institution, a sinful one at that, and it is rightfully abolished altogether.
4. Dabney Smedes, Susan. A Southern Planter: Social life in the Old South. New York: James Pott & Co., 1900, p. 10.
5. Dabney, William Henry. Sketch of the Dabneys of Virginia, with some of their family records. Chicago, Press of S. D. Childs & Co., 1888.
6. "Origin of the Dabney Family of Virginia," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. XLV, April 1937, No. 2
7. Charles William Dabney Papers, 1715-1945, The Louis Round Wilson Special Collection Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
8. Johnson, Thomas C. (1909). "Robert L. Dabney," The Kaleidoscope, Vol. VII, p. 27.
9. Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (October 1972). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Providence Presbyterian Church" (PDF). Virginia Department of Historic Resources.
10. Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission Staff (December 1972). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Tinkling Spring Presbyterian Church" (PDF). Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-26. Retrieved 2013-04-17. and accompanying photo Archived 2012-09-26 at the Wayback Machine
11. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
12. Sprinkle Publications Complete Set

Bibliography

• Groce, W. Todd. "The Cassandra of Yankeedom: Robert Lewis Dabney and the Critique of the New South," in W. Todd Groce and Stephen V. Ash, eds., Nineteenth Century America: Essays in Honor of Paul H. Bergeron. The University of Tennessee Press, 2005.
• Hettle, Wallace (2003). "The Minister, the Martyr, and the Maxim: Robert Lewis Dabney and Stonewall Jackson Biography," Civil War History, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 353–369.
• Johnson, Thomas Cary (1903). Life and Letters of Robert Lewis Dabney. Richmond, Va.: The Presbyterian Committee of Publication.
• Lucas, Sean Michael (2003). "'Old Times There Are Not Forgotten': Robert Lewis Dabney's Public Theology for a Reconstructed South," The Journal of Presbyterian History, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 163–177.
• Lucas, Sean Michael (2005). Robert Lewis Dabney: A Southern Presbyterian Life. Phillipsburg, N.J.: P & R Pub. See also the review by Iain D Campbell.
• Nutt, Rick (1984). "Robert Lewis Dabney, Presbyterians and Women's Suffrage," Journal of Presbyterian History (1962–1985), Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 339–353.
• Simkins, Francis B. (1964). "Robert Lewis Dabney, Southern Conservative," The Georgia Review, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 393–407.
• Smith, Morton H. (1962). Studies in Southern Presbyterian Theology. Jackson, Miss.: Presbyterian Reformation Society ISBN 0-87552-449-4
• Wilson, Charles Reagan (1981). "Robert Lewis Dabney: Religion and the Southern Holocaust," The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 79–89.
• White, Henry Alexander (1911). "Robert Lewis Dabney." In: Southern Presbyterian Leaders. New York: The Neale Publishing Company, pp. 382–393.
• Woods, Henry M. (1936) "Robert Lewis Dabney: Prince Among Theologians and Men", a memorial address delivered at Stonewall Church, Appomattox, Virginia, celebrating the founding of the Southern Presbyterian Church in 1861. (PDF)

 This article incorporates text from a publication in the public domain: Jackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. (1914). "Dabney, Robert Lewis". New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge. Vol. 13 (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls. p. 340.

External links

• Works by Robert Lewis Dabney at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Robert Lewis Dabney at the Internet Archive
• Works by Robert Lewis Dabney at Hathi Trust
• "Christ Our Substitute", a Dabney message later published as a tract.
• "Five Points of Calvinism" by R. L. Dabney.
• "From the Seventh Day to the First", Dabney's discussion of the proper day of the week for the Christian Sabbath.
• A Defence of Virginia, (scanned page images)
• A Defence of Virginia, (PDF download)
• DabneyArchive.com, an online repository for Dabney's works, with embedded searchable OCR.
• Robert Lewis Dabney in Encyclopedia Virginia