Rhinophrynidae

Rhinophrynidae; Temporal range: Late Jurassic to present, 155.7–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Juvenile Rhinophrynus dorsalis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Clade:	Pipoidea
Family:	Rhinophrynidae; Günther, 1859
Type genus
	Rhinophrynus; Duméril and Bibron, 1841

The Rhinophrynidae are a family of frogs containing one extant genus, the monotypic Rhinophrynus,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] and a number of fossil genera.^[3]^[5] The family is sometimes known as the Mexican burrowing toads^[1] or simply burrowing toads.^[2]

Rhinophrynus occurs in the Central America north from Costa Rica to Mexico and Texas.^[1] Fossil finds of Rhinophrynidae come from Mexico, the United States, and Canada.^[5] Rhinophrynus is a burrowing ant and termite eater.^[2]^[4]

Systematics

The Rhinophrynidae are the sister taxon of the Pipidae.^[1] The clade formed by these two genera is sometimes referred to as Xenoanura^[4] or superfamily Pipoidea.^[6]

Genera

Extant genera:^[1]^[2]^[3]

Rhinophrynus or Mexican burrowing toad Late Eocene-Recent^[7]

Fossil genera:^[3]^[5]

†Chelomophrynus Henrici 1991 Wagon Bed Formation, Wyoming United States, Eocene
†Eorhinophrynus Hecht 1959 Polecat Bench Formation, Wyoming, United States, Paleocene
†Rhadinosteus Henrici 1998 Morrison Formation, Utah, United States, Late Jurassic

The affinity of Eorhinophrynus is uncertain.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Rhinophrynidae Günther, 1859". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Rhinophrynidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8.
^ ^a ^b ^c Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 476.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Family Rhinophrynidae (burrowing toad)". Paleobiology Database. Fossilworks. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
^ Ford, Linda S.; Cannatella, David C. [in French] (1993). "The major clades of frogs". Herpetological Monographs. 7: 94–117. doi:10.2307/1466954. JSTOR 1466954.
^ Blackburn, David C.; Roberts, Lauren; Vallejo-Pareja, María C.; Stanley, Edward L. (2019-12-05). "First Record of the Anuran Family Rhinophrynidae from the Oligocene of Eastern North America". Journal of Herpetology. 53 (4): 316. doi:10.1670/19-044. ISSN 0022-1511.