Radix (gastropod)

Radix
A shell of Radix auricularia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Superorder:	Hygrophila
Family:	Lymnaeidae
Genus:	Radix Montfort, 1810[1]
Type species
Radix auriculatus Montfort, 1810
Synonyms[2]
Auriculariana Servain, 1881 Gulnaria Turton, 1831 Limnaea (Radix) Montfort, 1810 (genus-subgenus combination not accepted) Lymnaea (Peregriana) Servain, 1881 Lymnaea (Radix) Montfort, 1810 (genus-subgenus combination not accepted) Neritostoma H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 Radix (Peregriana) Servain, 1881 Radix (Radix) Montfort, 1810

Radix is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropods in the family Lymnaeidae, the pond snails.[2]

The genus Radix has a Palaearctic distribution.[3]

Phylogeny

Correa et al. (2010) confirmed that the placement of these species within the genus Radix reflected their phylogenetic relationship.[4] A cladogram showing phylogenic relations of species in the genus Radix:[4]

Radix	Radix labiata Radix peregra Radix ampla Radix lagotis Radix auricularia Radix ovata Radix sp. from Philippines Radix sp. from Canada and Radix sp. from Romania Radix natalensis Radix luteola Radix quadrasi Radix rubiginosa

The haploid number of chromosomes of all species in the genus Radix is 17 (n=17).[4]

Species

The taxonomic status of certain species in the genus Radix has been disputed. Remigio (2002) reported sequence divergence within the 16S mitochondrial gene of Radix peregra and Radix ovata.[5] Furthermore, the shell morphology and alloenzyme data indicated that Radix peregra and Radix ovata are distinct.[6][7]

In contrast, Bargues et al. (2001) considered, on the basis of ITS-2 sequence analysis, that R. peregra, R. ovata, and R. balthica are in fact conspecific.[8]

• † Radix (Lytostoma) grammica (Brusina, 1872)
• Radix acuminata (Lamarck, 1822)
• † Radix alta Macaleț, 2000
• † Radix alutae (Jekelius, 1932)
• † Radix amaradica Macaleț, 2000
• Radix ampla (Hartmann, 1821)
• Radix andersoniana (Nevill, 1881)
• Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758) - type species
  • Radix auricularia japonica Jay, 1857 - at Japanese Wikipedia
• Radix bactriana (Annandale & Prashad, 1919)
• † Radix balatonica (Fuchs, 1870)
• Radix balthica (Linnaeus, 1758)
• † Radix berbestiensis Macaleț, 2000
• † Radix bogdanensis Macaleț, 2000
• Radix brevicauda (G. B. Sowerby II, 1872)
• † Radix calavardensis (Bukowski, 1896)
• † Radix croatica (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1890)
• † Radix cucuronensis (Fontannes, 1878)
• † Radix dilatata (Noulet, 1854)
• † Radix dilleri (Neumayr, 1883)
• † Radix enzenbachensis Neubauer & Harzhauser in Harzhauser et al., 2014
• † Radix extensa (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1890)
• Radix gebleri (Middendorff, 1851)
• Radix gedrosiana (Annandale & Prashad, 1919)
• Radix hordeum (Mousson, 1874)
• Radix hubrechti Qian, Yang & He, 2012
• † Radix impressa (Sinzov, 1875)
• Radix iranica (Annandale & Prashad, 1919)
• † Radix jaksici (Brusina, 1902)
• Radix jordii Altaba, 2007
• Radix kamtschatica (Middendorff, 1851)
• † Radix kobelti (Brusina, 1884)
• † Radix korlevici (Brusina, 1884)
• † Radix kurelaci (Brusina, 1902)
• Radix labiata (Rossmässler, 1835)
• † Radix laevigata (Eichwald, 1853)
• Radix lagotis (Schrank, 1803)
• † Radix lazarevici (Brusina, 1902)
• Radix lilli Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[9]
• Radix linae Altaba, 2007
• Radix luteola (Lamarck, 1822)
• † Radix lytostomopsis (Brusina, 1902)
• † Radix macaleti Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014
• † Radix marinescui Macaleț, 2000
• † Radix minutissima (Greppin, 1855)
• Radix namucuoensis Qian, Yang & He, 2012
• Radix natalensis (Krauss, 1848)[4]
• † Radix navarroi (Royo Gómez, 1922)
• † Radix novorossica (Sinzov, 1877)
• † Radix obtusissima (Deshayes, 1838)
• Radix ovata (Draparnaud, 1805) = Radix balthica (Linnaeus, 1758)
• † Radix papaianopoli Macaleț, 2000
• † Radix paucispira (Fuchs, 1870)
• Radix peregra (O. F. Müller, 1774) = Radix labiata (Rossmässler, 1835)
• † Radix pergamenica (Oppenheim, 1919)
• Radix persica (Issel, 1865)
• † Radix phrygoovata (Oppenheim, 1919)
• Radix pinteri Schütt, 1974
• † Radix plicata (Sacco, 1884)
• † Radix podarensis Macaleț, 2000
• † Radix pseudoovata (d'Orbigny, 1852)
• Radix relicta Polinski, 1929
• † Radix rippensis (Almera & Bofill y Poch, 1895)
• Radix rubiginosa (Michelin, 1831)
• † Radix simplex (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1899)
• † Radix socialis (von Zieten, 1832)
• † Radix subauricularia (d'Orbigny, 1852)
• † Radix subinflata (d'Orbigny, 1852)
• † Radix sublimosa (Sinzov, 1875)
• † Radix subovata (von Zieten, 1832)
• † Radix zelli (Hörnes, 1856)

Or instead perhaps:

• R. peregra = R. ovata = R. balthica

Taxa inquirenda

• Radix middendorffi (W. Dybowski, 1903)

Species brought into synonymy

• Radix (Radix) dupuyana (Noulet, 1854): synonym of † Galba dupuyiana (Noulet, 1854)
• † Radix (Radix) hyaloleuca (Brusina, 1902): synonym of † Radix korlevici (Brusina, 1884)
• † Radix (Radix) limosa (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Radix balthica (Linnaeus, 1758)
• † Radix (Radix) peregra (Müller, 1774): synonym of Radix labiata (Rossmässler, 1835)
• Radix auriculatus Montfort, 1810: synonym of Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Radix altus Macaleț, 2000: synonym of † Radix alta Macaleț, 2000
• † Radix amaradicus Macaleț, 2000: synonym of † Radix amaradica Macaleț, 2000
• Radix deydieri (Fontannes, 1878): synonym of † Radix cucuronensis (Fontannes, 1878)
• † Radix hyaloleuca (Brusina, 1902): synonym of † Radix korlevici (Brusina, 1884)
• † Radix kuzmici (Brusina, 1897): synonym of † Boskovicia kuzmici Brusina, 1897
• Radix ovata (Draparnaud, 1805): synonym of Radix balthica (Linnaeus, 1758)
• † Radix peregra (O. F. Müller, 1774): synonym of Radix labiata (Rossmässler, 1835)
• † Radix socialis Macaleț, 2000: synonym of † Radix macaleti Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014

Parasites

Species within the genus Radix are utilized as intermediate hosts by several different trematode species:

• Trichobilharzia spp.
• Fasciola hepatica
• Fasciola gigantica
• Fascioloides magna
• Plagiorchis neomidis
• Haplometra cylindracea
• Echinostoma spp.

References

1. Montfort D. de 1810. Conchyliologie systématique, et classification méthodique des coquilles; offrant leurs figures, leur arrangement générique, leurs descriptions caractéristiques, leurs noms; ainsi que leur synonymie en plusieurs langues. Ouvrage destiné à faciliter l'étude des coquilles, ainsi que leur disposition dans les cabinets d'histoire naturelle. Coquilles univalves, non cloisonnées. Tome second. pp. [1-3], 1-676. Paris. (Schoell).
2. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2013). Radix Montfort, 1810. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=248262 on 2013-06-06
3. Pfenninger, M.; Cordellier, M.; Streit, B. (2006). "Comparing the efficacy of morphologic and DNA-based taxonomy in the freshwater gastropod genus Radix (Basommatophora, Pulmonata)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 6: 100. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-100. PMC 1679812. PMID 17123437.
4. Correa, A. C.; Escobar, J. S.; Durand, P.; Renaud, F. O.; David, P.; Jarne, P.; Pointier, J. P.; Hurtrez-Boussès, S. (2010). "Bridging gaps in the molecular phylogeny of the Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), vectors of Fascioliasis". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 381. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-381. PMC 3013105. PMID 21143890.
5. Remigio, E. (2002). "Molecular phylogenetic relationships in the aquatic snail genus Lymnaea, the intermediate host of the causative agent of fascioliasis: Insights from broader taxon sampling". Parasitology Research. 88 (7): 687–696. doi:10.1007/s00436-002-0658-8. PMID 12107463.
6. Glöer P., Meier-Brook C., Osterman O. (1987). Süsswassermollusken: ein Bestimmungsschlüssel für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Deutscher Jugendbund für Naturbeobachtung, Hamburg.
7. Ward, P. I.; Goater, C. P.; Mikos, M. (1997). "Shell variation in sympatric freshwater Lymnaea peregra and L. ovata (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 61: 139–149. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1997.tb01782.x.
8. Bargues, M. D.; Vigo, M.; Horak, P.; Dvorak, J.; Patzner, R. A.; Pointier, J. P.; Jackiewicz, M.; Meier-Brook, C.; Mas-Coma, S. (2001). "European Lymnaeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda), intermediate hosts of trematodiases, based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS-2 sequences". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 1 (2): 85–107. doi:10.1016/S1567-1348(01)00019-3. PMID 12798024.
9. Glöer P. & Beckmann K.-H. (2007). "Radix lilli n. sp. und drei neue Bithynia-Arten von den Balearen (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae, Lymnaeidae). pp. 163-170. In: Beckmann K.-H.: Die Land- und Süßwassermollusken der Balearischen Inseln. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 255 pp., ISBN 978-3-939767-05-3.

• Vinarski V.M. (2013) One, two, or several? How many lymnaeid genera are there? Ruthenica 23(1): 41-58.