Quercus × hispanica

Quercus × hispanica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fagales
Family:	Fagaceae
Genus:	Quercus
Subgenus:	Quercus subg. Cerris
Section:	Quercus sect. Cerris
Species:	Q. × hispanica
Binomial name
Quercus × hispanica Lam.
Synonyms[1]
List Cerris × suberosa Gand., opus utique oppr. Quercus × aegilopifolia Boiss. ex Endl., nom. inval. Quercus × bivonana Guss. Quercus cerris var. crispa Loudon Quercus cerris var. dentata (P.Watson) Loudon Quercus cerris subvar. fulhamensis (Loudon) Dippel Quercus cerris var. fulhamensis Loudon Quercus cerris var. heterophylla Loudon Quercus cerris var. incisa Loudon Quercus cerris var. lucombeana Loudon Quercus cerris subvar. lucombeana (Loudon) Dippel Quercus cerris var. suberosa Loudon Quercus cerris var. subperennis A.DC. Quercus × crenata Lam. Quercus × dentata P.Watson, nom. illeg. Quercus × exoniensis Lodd. ex Sweet Quercus × fulhamensis Steud. Quercus × fulhamensis var. lucombeana Loudon) Zabel Quercus × haliphleos Guss. Quercus × hispanica var. crispa (Ludon) Rehder Quercus × hispanica var. dentata (P.Watson) Rehder Quercus × hispanica var. diversifolia (A.Henry) Rehder Quercus × hispanica var. gussonei (A.DC.) A.Camus Quercus × hispanica var. heterophylla (Loudon) Rehder Quercus × hispanica var. latifolia Rehder nom. superfl. Quercus × hispanica subvar. latifolia (Rehder) A.Camus Quercus × hispanica var. lucombeana (Loudon) Rehder Quercus × hispanica var. pseudosuber (Santi) A.Camus Quercus ilex var. diversifolia G.Nicholson, nom. nud. Quercus × incisa Steud., pro syn. Quercus × lucombeana (Loudon) de Vos Quercus × lucombeana var. crispa (Loudon) K.Koch Quercus × lucombeana var. diversifolia A.Henry Quercus × lucombeana var. fulhamensis-latifolia A.Henry Quercus × lucombeana var. heterophylla (Loudon) A.Henry Quercus × pacensis F.M.Vázquez Quercus × pseudoaustriaca Lojac. Quercus × pseudocerris Lojac. Quercus × pseudosuber Santi Quercus × pseudosuber var. castaneifolia Wenz. Quercus × pseudosuber var. gibraltarica A.DC. Quercus × pseudosuber var. gussonei A.DC. Parl. Quercus suber var. bivonana (Guss.) Parl.

Quercus × hispanica, commonly known as Spanish oak, is tree in the family Fagaceae. It is a semideciduous hybrid between the European trees Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) and cork oak (Quercus suber).

Taxonomy

The taxon was first described as the species Quercus hispanica by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1785. As of October 2024^[update], Plants of the World Online treated it as the hybrid between the European species Quercus cerris (Turkey oak) and Quercus suber (cork oak) using the hybrid name Quercus × hispanica.[1] In this treatment, one of its many synonyms is Quercus × crenata, which may also be treated as a separate species.[2]

Distribution

Hybridisation occurs naturally in southwestern Europe where both parent species occur.[3] The Lucombe oak cultivar is frequently found in British collections. To be a true Lucombe oak, cultivars must be clones of the original hybrid arising in William Lucombe's Exeter nursery.

Cultivation

A number of named cultivars are grown in gardens, parks, arboreta and botanical gardens.

Cultivars

• Quercus × hispanica 'Lucombeana' ("Lucombe oak"), originally raised by William Lucombe at his Exeter, UK nursery in 1762. An early Lucombe Oak is in Kew Gardens arboretum, and is regarded as one of their 'heritage trees'.[4] The Tree Register of the British Isles−TROBI Champion is at Phear Park in Exmouth, measuring 26 metres (85 ft) in height, with a trunk diameter of 261 centimetres (103 in) in 2008.[5]
• Quercus × hispanica 'Waasland' ("Waasland select oak"), leaves display an unusual slender, lobed shape.[6]
• Quercus × hispanica 'Wageningen' ("Wageningen oak")[7]
• Quercus × hispanica 'Fulhamensis' ("Fulham oak")

References

1. "Quercus × hispanica Lam." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
2. "Quercus crenata Lam". World Flora Online. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
3. Johnson, O. & More, D. (2004), Collins Tree Guide – The Most Complete Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Europe, Collins, p. 220, ISBN 978-0-00720771-8
4. "About Kew's Arboretum". kew.org. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
5. Johnson, O. (2011), Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland, Kew Publishing, London, p. 142, ISBN 978-1842464526
6. "Quercus x hispanica 'Waasland'". ornamental-trees.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
7. "Quercus x hispanica 'Wageningen'". majestictrees.co.uk. Retrieved 28 August 2018.