Protosciaena

Protosciaena
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Acanthuriformes
Family:	Sciaenidae
Genus:	Protosciaena Sasaki, 1989
Type species
Sciaena trewavasae Chao & Miller, 1975[1]

Protosciaena is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.

Taxonomy

Protosciaena was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1989 by the Japanese ichthyologist Kunio Sasaki to include both P. bathytatos and P. trewavasae, with the latter designated, under its original binomial of Sciaena trewavasae, as the type species.[1] S. trewavasae had originally been described by Labbish Ning Chao and Robert Victor Miller in 1975 with its type locality given as the Caribbean Sea off the coast of Colombia.[2] This taxon was placed in the monotypic subfamily Protosciaeninae by Sasaki,[3] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae which it places in the order Acanthuriformes.[4]

Etymology

Protosciaena prefixes Sciaena, the original genus for P. trewavasae, with protos, meaning "first", because of its apparently "primitive nature".[3][5]

Species

Protosciaena has the following 2 valid species within it:[6]

• Protosciaena bathytatos (Chao & Miller, 1975) (Deep-water drum)
• Protosciaena trewavasae (Chao & Miller, 1975) (New Grenada drum)

Characteristics

Protosciaena drums have rhomboidal to elongate, conmpressed bodies with large eyes and a large mouth opening to the front. The chin has no barbels and 5 pores. The preoperculum is serrated and there is a deep incision separating the first spiny part of the dorsal fin from the rear, largely soft-rayed part. The dorsal fin is supported by a total of 11 spines and 21 to 23 soft rays. The short based anal fin is supported by 2 spines and 7 soft rays. The caudal fin is slightly pointed.[7] Of the two species in the genus, the largest is P. bathytatos with a maximum published total length of 42 cm (17 in) while P. trewavasae has a maximum published total length of 20 cm (7.9 in).[6]

Distribution

Protosciaena drums are endemic to the Greater Caribbean.[7]

References

1. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sciaenidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
2. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Protosciaena". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
3. Kunio Sasaki (1989). "Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae, with notes on its Zoogeography (Teleostei, Peciformes)" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University. 36 (1–2): 1–137.
4. J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
5. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
6. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Protosciaena". FishBase. February 2023 version.
7. "Genus: Protosciaena, Deepwater Drum Croaker, Drum". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 4 July 2023.