The analysis made by Bisconti 2007 identified Protororqualus as a late representative of the rorquals which survived in the Mediterranean at least until the late Pliocene. This would indicate that the Mediterranean Basin played a vital role in preserving primitive rorquals, while more derived forms established themselves in other oceans.
Anatomy
The Mount Pulgnasco specimen represents an early rorqual that fed differently from modern species. Compared to the laterally bowed dentaries of the latter, its dentary is more straight, which should have made it impossible to perform the intermittent ram feeding seen in modern rorquals. Another primitive character is that the anterior border of the supraoccipital is triangular and pointed like in Miocene Cetotheriidae.[2]
Taxonomic history
The type species, Protorqualus cuvierii, was originally described in 1829 as a species of Balaena,[3] but later transferred to the Belgian genus Plesiocetus.[4] Following synonymy of Plesiocetus with Balaenoptera, B. cuvieri was considered a species of Balaenoptera,[5] although some authors treated it as a species of Cetotherium.[6] Later work, however, showed that the Mount Pulgnasco skeleton was generically distinct from other fossil and extant rorquals to warrant its own genus.[7]
Bisconti, M. (2007). "Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships of the rorqual-like mysticete from the Pliocene of Mount Pulgnasco, northern Italy (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti)". Palaeontographica Italica. 91: 85–108.
Cuscani Politi, P. (1961). "Ancora una nuova specie di Balaenula pliocenica con considerazioni introducttive su alcuni misticeti dei nostri musei". Accademia dei Fisiocritici di Siena. Sezione Agraria. 8: 3–31.
Deméré, T. (1986). "The fossil whale, Balaenoptera davidsonii (Cope 1872), with a review of other Neogene species of Balaenoptera (Cetacea: Mysticeti)". Marine Mammal Science. 2 (4): 277–298. Bibcode:1986MMamS...2..277D. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00136.x.
Deméré, T.; Berta, A.; McGowen, M. R. (2005). "The taxonomic and evolutionary history of modern balaenopteroid mysticetes". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 12 (1/2): 99–143. doi:10.1007/s10914-005-6944-3. S2CID90231.
