Platycephalus

Platycephalus Temporal range: Ypresian to Recent 56–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N [1]
Platycephalus fuscus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Scorpaeniformes
Family:	Platycephalidae
Genus:	Platycephalus Bloch, 1795
Type species
Callionymus indicus Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms[2]
Cacumen Whitley, 1931 Calliomorus Lacepède, 1800 Colefaxia Whitley, 1935 Longitrudis Whitley, 1931 Neoplatycephalus Castelnau, 1872 Planiprora Whitley, 1931 Trudis Whitley, 1931

Platycephalus is a genus of mostly marine, demersal ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae. They are found in the eastern Mediterranean, the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean.

Taxonomy

Platycephalus was first proposed as a genus in 1795 by the German physician and naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch with Callionymus indicus, which had been described in 1748 by Carl Linnaeus from "Asia", as its type species.[2][3] This genus is classified within the family Playtcephalidae, the flatheads which the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies within the suborder Platycephaloidei in the order Scorpaeniformes.[4]

Etymology

The genus name Platycephalus means "flat head" an allusion to the wide flattened head of these fishes which leads to the English common name flathead.[5]

Species

There are currently 19 recognised species in this genus:[6][3]

• Platycephalus angustus Steindachner, 1866 (Steindachner's flathead) [7]
• Platycephalus aurimaculatus L. W. Knapp, 1987 (Toothy flathead)
• Platycephalus australis Imamura, 2015 (Australian bartail flathead) [8]
• Platycephalus bassensis Cuvier, 1829 (Sand flathead)
• Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus McCulloch, 1922 (Blue-spotted flathead)
• Platycephalus chauliodous L. W. Knapp, 1991 (Big-tooth flathead)
• Platycephalus conatus Waite & McCulloch, 1915 (Deep-water flathead)
• Platycephalus cultellatus J. Richardson, 1846
• Platycephalus endrachtensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 (Yellow-tail flathead)
• Platycephalus fuscus Cuvier, 1829 (Dusky flathead)
• Platycephalus grandispinis Cuvier, 1829 (Long-spined flathead) [9]
• Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bar-tail flathead)
• Platycephalus laevigatus Cuvier, 1829 (Black flathead)
• Platycephalus marmoratus Stead, 1908 (Marbled flathead)
• Platycephalus micracanthus Sauvage, 1873
• Platycephalus orbitalis Imamura & L. W. Knapp, 2009 (Western Australian flathead)
• Platycephalus richardsoni Castelnau, 1872 (Tiger flathead)
• Platycephalus speculator Klunzinger, 1872 (Southern bluespotted flathead)
• Platycephalus westraliae (Whitley, 1938)

Characteristics

Platycephalus flatheads have no less than two spines on the preoperculum. with the lowerer spine being the longest. The upper lobe of the caudal fin does not have an elongated filament. They have between 7 and 10 spines in the first dorsal fin and more than 13 soft rays in the second dorsal fin. They are further separated by having a single band of vomerine teeth rather than two distinct patches.[10] The largest species is P. fuscus with a maximum published total length of 120 cm (47 in) while the smallest is P. orbitalis with a maximum published total length of 33.3 cm (13.1 in).[6]

Distribution

Platycephalus flatheads are found in the Indo-West Pacific region, mostly around Australia where 16 of the 19 species in the genus are found.[8] One species, the bartail flathead (P. indicus), has entered the eastern Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal as a Lessepsian migrant.[11]

References

1. Sepkoski, J. (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560.
2. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Platycephalidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
3. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Platcephalus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
4. J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
5. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (7 December 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Platycephaloidei: Families Bembridae, Parabembridae, Hoplichthyidae, Platycephalidae and Plectrogeniidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
6. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Platycephalus". FishBase. February 2022 version.
7. Imamura, H (2013). "Redescription of Platycephalus angustus Steindachner 1866 (Teleostei: Platycephalidae), a valid flathead in northern Australia and New Guinea". Ichthyological Research. 60 (2): 112–121. Bibcode:2013IchtR..60..112I. doi:10.1007/s10228-012-0319-6.
8. Imamura, H (2015). "Taxonomic revision of the flathead fish genus Platycephalus Bloch, 1795 (Teleostei: Platycephalidae) from Australia, with description of a new species". Zootaxa. 3904 (2): 151–207. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3904.2.1. PMID 25660779.
9. Imamura, H. (2013): Validity of Platycephalus grandispinis Cuvier, 1829, with Priority over Platycephalus longispinis Macleay, 1884 (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae). Species Diversity, 18 (2): 183-192.
10. L.W. Knapp (1999). "Platycephalidae Flatheads". In Carpenter, K.E.; Niem, V.H. (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. pp. 2385–2421. ISBN 9251043019.
11. Daniel Golani & Adam Ben-Tuvia (1990). "Two Red Sea Flatheads (Platycephalidae) Immigrants in the Mediterranean". Cybium. 14 (1): 57–61.