Phanaeini

Phanaeini
Coprophanaeus bonariensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Polyphaga
Infraorder:	Scarabaeiformia
Family:	Scarabaeidae
Subfamily:	Scarabaeinae
Tribe:	Phanaeini Hope, 1838

Phanaeini is a tribe of dung beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are about 12 genera and 200 described species in Phanaeini.[1][2][3] They are native to the Americas with the highest species richness in the Neotropics. They are mostly coprophagous or necrophagous, but some of the least known genera appear to be myrmecophilous (likely in Dendropaemon and Tetramereia, possibly also in Homalotarsus and Megatharsis). They are medium-sized to large beetles (Coprophanaeus includes some of the largest dung beetles), often with bright metallic colors, and often with horns on their heads (especially in the males, less frequently in the females).[4][5]

Genera

Phanaeus tridens

These 12 genera belong to the tribe Phanaeini:[4]

• Bolbites Harold, 1868
• Coprophanaeus D'Olsoufieff, 1924
• Dendropaemon Perty, 1830
• Diabroctis Gistel, 1857
• Gromphas Brullé, 1839
• Homalotarsus Janssens, 1932
• Megatharsis Waterhouse, 1891
• Oruscatus Bates, 1870
• Oxysternon Laporte de Castelnau, 1840
• Phanaeus MacLeay, 1819 (rainbow scarabs)
• Sulcophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924
• Tetrameira

References

1. Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Davies, Anthony E.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; et al. (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. ISSN 1313-2989. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
2. "Phanaeini Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
3. "Phanaeini Tribe Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
4. Philips, T; Edmonds, W; Scholtz, Clarke (2004). "A phylogenetic analysis of the New World tribe Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): Hypotheses on relationships and origins". Insect Systematics & Evolution. 35 (1): 43–63. doi:10.1163/187631204788964664.
5. Schmidt, U. "Scarabaeidae (Neotropical Region) – Coprinae". Kaefer der Welt - Beetles of the World. Retrieved 16 July 2023.

Further reading

• Arnett, R.H. Jr.; Thomas, M. C.; Skelley, P. E.; Frank, J. H., eds. (2002). American Beetles, Volume II: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0849309540.
• LeConte, J.L. (1861). Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Vol. 3. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.38459. ISBN 0665100558.
• Mathison, Blaine A.; Hardy, Martin; Bezdek, Aleš; Schoolmeesters, Paul (2001). "A Worldwide Checklist of the Tribes and Genera of Aegialiinae, Aphodiinae, Termitotroginae, Aulonocneminae, Scarabaeinae, and Coprinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae)". Retrieved 7 January 2019.
• Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.; Edmonds, W.D.; Ocampo, Federico C.; Schoolmeesters, Paul (2011). "A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2854. Magnolia Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2019.

External links

• Media related to Phanaeini at Wikimedia Commons