Perth Underground railway station

Perth Underground
Large underground concourse with escalators and lifts down to platform level and up to ground level
Concourse level
General information
Other namesWilliam Street station
Location140 William Street, Perth
Western Australia
Australia
Coordinates31°57′07″S 115°51′29″E / 31.9519°S 115.858°E / -31.9519; 115.858 Edit this at Wikidata
Owned byPublic Transport Authority
Operated byTransperth Train Operations
Line(s)
Platforms1 island platform with 2 platform edges
Tracks2
ConnectionsPerth station
Construction
Structure typeUnderground
Depth18 metres (59 ft) below the Murray Street Mall
ParkingNo
Bicycle facilitiesNo
AccessibleYes
Other information
Fare zone1/FTZ
History
Opened15 October 2007 (15 October 2007)
Passengers
2013–1412,418,561
Services
Preceding station Transperth Transperth Following station
Elizabeth Quay
Terminus
 Yanchep line
All, K, W
 Leederville
towards Whitfords, Clarkson or Yanchep
Elizabeth Quay
towards Cockburn Central or Mandurah
 Mandurah line
All, W
 through to Yanchep line
Location
Map
Location of Perth Underground station

Perth Underground railway station is a railway station within the Perth central business district in Western Australia. It is adjacent to the above-ground Perth railway station and is sometimes considered part of that station. Perth Underground station is served by Yanchep line services heading north and Mandurah line services heading south. It was built as part of the construction for the Mandurah line and was known as William Street station during construction due to its location on William Street. Perth Underground station consists of an island platform and a concourse below ground. There are five entrances to the station: from Murray Street Mall, Raine Square, 140 William Street, underneath the Horseshoe Bridge, and from Perth station.

The contract for Package F of the Mandurah line, which included the construction of Perth Underground station, Elizabeth Quay station (known as Esplanade station prior to 2016), 700 metres (2,300 ft) of bored tunnels and 600 metres (2,000 ft) of cut-and-cover tunnels, was awarded to Leighton Contractors and Kumagai Gumi in February 2004 at a cost of A$324.5 million. Demolition of buildings on the Perth Underground site occurred between April and August 2004. From September 2004 to January 2005, the station's diaphragm walls were constructed. By the end of 2005, the station box had been excavated to its lowest level, and in February 2006, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) reached the station, having tunnelled from Esplanade station. From there, the TBM tunnelled north. The TBM reached the station again in August 2006 while digging the second tunnel, and it again tunnelled north to surface west of Perth station.

Perth Underground and Esplanade stations opened to Yanchep line (then Joondalup line) services on 15 October 2007. Mandurah line services south of Esplanade station commenced on 23 December 2007. The land above the station was developed by Cbus Property and Leighton Contractors to form the 140 William Street development, which was completed in 2010. In 2013, a pedestrian tunnel linking Perth Underground with Perth station opened as part of the Perth City Link project. Trains at Perth Underground station run at a five-minute frequency during peak hour and a fifteen-minute frequency outside peak and on weekends and public holidays. At night, trains are half-hourly or hourly. The station received 12,418,561 boardings in the 2013–14 financial year.

Description

An entrance to the underground station, with escalators and stairs going down. The entrance building has another building built on top and around it. A large sign is on top of the entrance, which reads "Perth Underground". There is a crowd of people in and around the entrance.
Murray Street Mall entrance to Perth Underground station
Stairs down to the station concourse viewed from the top. To the left of the stairs is a lift and to the right is an escalator.
Stairs down to Perth Underground station from the Horseshoe Bridge entrance

Perth Underground station is surrounded by Wellington Street to the north, William Street to the west and Murray Street Mall to the south.[1] The adjacent stations are Leederville station to the north and Elizabeth Quay station (known as Esplanade station prior to 2016[2][3]) to the south. The station is directly linked with the above-ground Perth station, which is perpendicular to Perth Underground station. Above the station is the 140 William Street development.[4][5] The station is owned by the Public Transport Authority (PTA)[6] and is within the Free Transit Zone, a zone that covers the Perth central business district.[7]

Perth Underground station has two levels below ground: platform level, where there is an island platform with two tracks, and concourse level, which has five entrances. Several sets of stairs, escalators and lifts link platform level with concourse level.[1][5] The station box is 138 metres (453 ft) long, 22 metres (72 ft) wide at its southern end, 29 metres (95 ft) wide at its northern end, and 19 metres (62 ft) below ground at its deepest point. The platforms are 16 metres (52 ft) below ground level at the southern end,[1] and the concourse is 10 metres (33 ft) below ground level.[8]

The three entrances to the concourse level on the southern end are from the Murray Street Mall, a tunnel to Raine Square on the other side of William Street, and an entrance from 140 William Street above. The two entrances to the concourse level on the northern end are from underneath the Horseshoe Bridge and a tunnel that leads directly to Perth station. The Horseshoe Bridge entrance was formerly the main thoroughfare between Perth Underground and Perth station before the pedestrian tunnel opened in 2013. Each entrance is fully accessible, with stairs, escalators and lifts at each one. Each entrance also has a ticket barrier.[5]

Artwork

Artwork on the concourse wall as described in the following paragraph
Light, space and place, by Anne Neil

There are two pieces of public art at Perth Underground station: Take it or leave it, by Jurek Wybraniec and Stephen Neille, and Light, space and place, by Anne Neil. Take it or leave it consists of coloured sandstone panels on the concourse's wall. "Stream-of-consciousness words relating to the themes of time and motion" are sandblasted into the panels.[9] Light, space and place consists of 21 LED lights on the walls of the tunnel to the northern entrance. The lights are programmed to change colours to "create a pulse or heart beat".[10]

History

Planning

Upon opening on 20 December 1992, Joondalup line trains stopped at Perth station and continued east of there as the Armadale line. The first South West Metropolitan Railway Master Plan, published in 1999, detailed the route of the future Mandurah line. It would branch off the Armadale line at Kenwick, requiring no new stations in the Perth central business district (CBD).[11] Following the election of the Labor Party to power in the 2001 state election, the route of the Mandurah line was changed. A new master plan was released, outlining the new and more direct route, which travels in a tunnel under the Perth CBD before surfacing and running down the median of the Kwinana Freeway from Perth to Kwinana. The new route had two new stations within the Perth CBD: Perth Underground station (known during construction as William Street station) and Esplanade station.[12] Perth Underground station had a predicted number of weekday boardings of 27,000.[13]

Construction

The design and construction of Perth Underground station was overseen by the PTA[14] under its New MetroRail division.[15][16] Acquisition of land for the construction of Perth Underground station was managed by LandCorp and occurred between May 2003 and March 2004.[17] LandCorp negotiated with landowners, and compulsory acquisition was used for properties where negotiations fell through.[18][19] At least one landowner later sued the Western Australian Planning Commission, claiming the amount they were compensated was not enough. In 2005, LandCorp said the total amount used to acquire the properties was about A$40 million at that point, which was expected to end up at $42.5 million.[20]

The construction of the Mandurah line, also known as the Southern Suburbs Railway, was divided into eight main contract packages. Perth Underground was part of Package F, which also included 700 metres (2,300 ft) of bored tunnels, 600 metres (2,000 ft) of cut-and-cover tunnels, the construction of Esplanade station, the connection of the railway to the rest of the network west of Perth station, and construction of tracks and overhead wiring within the tunnels. This was also known as the City Project.[21] Expressions of interest for the Package F contract were called for in March 2003,[22] and five consortia submitted expressions of interest by May.[23] The contract for the design and construction of Package F was awarded to a joint venture between Leighton Contractors and Kumagai Gumi in February 2004 at a cost of $324.5 million.[21][24] Leighton–Kumagai appointed architecture firm Hassell to design the two stations;[25] structural design was carried out by Maunsell.[14]

A white, three storey building surrounded by construction hoardings
The Wellington Building, pictured in May 2004 during the construction of Perth Underground station
A street with the three buildings on it
From left to right: the Baird's Building, Globe Hotel and Wellington Building in 2023

Demolition works for the buildings above the Perth Underground station site occurred between April[26] and August 2004. Six buildings were demolished, including the old Myer building.[27] Three buildings along Wellington Street that were listed on the State Register of Heritage Places were retained: the Wellington Building, the original Globe Hotel and the Baird's Building. The façade of the Mitchell's Building on William Street was also kept.[28] The Wellington Building was the most significant of these four buildings, and it was challenging to keep the building intact during construction of the station,[29][30][31] causing delays to the overall project.[32] Collectively, these four buildings are part of the William & Wellington Street Precinct on the Heritage Council database.[33]

Dilapidated looking two storey building surrounded by a construction side with a crane behind.
The Mitchell's Building in January 2005, preparing to relocate the building's façade
The same building as before, fully restored and with a modern development behind
The Mitchell's Building in August 2022 after reassembly

The Wellington Building's foundations were removed and replaced to allow construction underneath the building. The ground floor of the building was removed, which allowed pile drivers into the building's basement floor. Piles were drilled 55 metres (180 ft) deep, which anchored a concrete slab which formed a roof over the space to be excavated below. The Wellington Building was attached to this concrete slab, allowing the old foundations to be removed and excavation to occur below.[34][35] In March 2005, the Mitchell's Building's façade was dismantled and stored offsite, with the intention of putting it back in place when the station was complete. The façade was attached to a steel frame, then cut into nine pieces which were each lifted out by a crane.[29][36][37]

The station was constructed using the top-down method. Diaphragm walls were chosen to form the station box's walls rather than sheet piles like at Esplanade station as there were restrictions on noise and vibrations, and less land was required to construct diaphragm walls. The site was quite restricted; Wellington Street, William Street and the Murray Street Mall are right next to the station box.[8] The diaphragm walls for the Perth Underground station box were constructed between September 2004 and January 2005. These are 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) thick and extend up to 30 metres (98 ft) below ground.[38][39] The station box is wider at the northern end as the diaphragm walls had to deviate around the Wellington Building.[1] Perth Underground station lies on the reclaimed Lake Kingsford, which was a lake within the Perth Wetlands. This left the area with large amounts of wet sand, which made ensuring the station box would not move a concern. The station box was attached to rock over 30 metres (98 ft) below ground level.[40]

In April 2005, Minister for Planning and Infrastructure Alannah MacTiernan announced that the New MetroRail project completion date had been delayed from December 2006 to April 2007. One of the causes for the delay was the heritage protection works at Perth Underground station.[41][42] In April 2006, she announced that the project's opening date had been delayed to July 2007.[43] In April 2007, MacTiernan revealed another delay, this time with the likely opening date being October 2007.[44]

Circular concrete tunnel with cables running along the walls and a narrow emergency walkway on the right
Tunnel viewed from Perth Underground station

By the end of 2005, the station box had been excavated to its lowest level, 18 metres (59 ft) below the Murray Street Mall and 4 metres (13 ft) below the Swan River.[45] The tunnel boring machine (TBM) for the first tunnel between Perth Underground and Esplanade station broke through to the station box on 7 February 2006,[46][47][48] having been digging from Esplanade station since October 2005.[47][49] The breakthrough was more difficult than expected; rock drills had to be brought in to drill from inside the station box to complete the TBM's breakthrough.[50] The TBM was then transported across the station box to the northern end, where it began tunnelling north towards the dive structure west of Perth station. After surfacing at the dive structure, the TBM was transported back to Esplanade station, where it began boring the second tunnel towards Perth Underground station.[51] The TBM broke through the Perth Underground station box for the second time on 31 August 2006.[47][52] It was again transported to the northern side of the station box, where it started boring the final tunnel to the dive structure.[51] Tunnelling was fully completed on 24 October 2006.[53][54] By the end of 2006, most structural work had been completed, and architectural finishes and electrical and mechanical fit-out had commenced.[55]

The first test train ran through the tunnels on 11 August 2007.[53][56] The City Project achieved practical completion in September 2007, and was handed over from the contractor to the PTA on 10 September.[57] From 7 October to 14 October 2007, the Fremantle and Joondalup lines were shut down to connect the tunnel tracks to the rest of the network.[47] From 15 October, Joondalup line services began running via Perth Underground and Esplanade station, marking the opening of those stations to passenger service.[47][58][59] Mandurah line services commenced on 23 December 2007. The first train departed from Perth Underground station at 9 am.[47][60]

Development above

90 metre tall glass-panelled skyscraper viewed from another skyscraper higher up
View of 140 William Street in 2012

140 William Street was developed following the completion of Perth Underground station. The tender process for the sale and redevelopment of the land began in September 2005. The process was managed by LandCorp in conjunction with the Western Australian Planning Commission. As an incentive, the state government committed to a 15-year lease of 22,000 square metres (240,000 sq ft) of office space within the future development.[61][62] The developer chosen would have to come to a heritage agreement allowing for the retainment and integration of the Wellington Building, Globe Hotel, Baird's Building, and the Mitchell's Building façade within the development.[63] Four developers were shortlisted in December 2005: Evolution Consortium (Cbus Property and Leighton Contractors), Grocon, Lendlease/Australian Prime Property Fund, and Multiplex.[64][65] Each developer was issued with a request for proposal in March 2006, requiring them to submit their proposals by 28 June.[63][66] The Evolution Consortium was chosen as the preferred proponent in September 2006,[67][68] and by December 2006, the contract had been signed and the design revealed. The development was in total worth $200 million.[69] By August 2007, construction had commenced,[70] and in 2010, construction was completed.[71]

Long and wide pedestrian tunnel with grey tiled floor and white reflective walls
Pedestrian tunnel linking Perth Underground station with Perth station, constructed as part of the Perth City Link

As part of the Perth City Link project, a cut-and-cover pedestrian tunnel was constructed underneath Wellington Street linking Perth Underground station with Perth station. The tunnel's benefits were that it would cut the walk between Perth station and Perth Underground by up to 45 seconds and that it includes stairs, lifts and escalators to all of Perth station's platforms, eliminating the need for transferring passengers to traverse multiple sets of stairs, lifts or escalators. It was forecast that 22,600 passengers per day would transfer between Perth station and Perth Underground by 2031. The tunnel's construction was divided into stages; the stage linking Perth Underground with Perth station was stage two, which was planned to be constructed from mid-2012 to mid-2013 and open in late 2013.[72] The tunnel ended up opening on 19 December 2013.[73][74]

Other

The pedestrian tunnel from Perth Underground station to Raine Square opened in 2012.[75][76]

The escalators at Perth Underground station, which were manufactured by Otis Worldwide, have had severe reliability issues since the station opened. In 2020, the escalators were replaced, seven years before the end of their expected life.[77][78]

Services

Underground tiled station platform with stairs in the distance heading up towards ground level
Perth Underground station platform

Perth Underground station is served by Transperth Yanchep line and Mandurah line services, which are operated by the PTA via its Transperth Train Operations division.[79][80] The Yanchep and Mandurah lines form one continuous line. The service between Perth Underground and Elizabeth Quay stations is considered part of the Yanchep and Mandurah lines simultaneously. North of Perth Underground station are Yanchep line services and south of Elizabeth Quay station are Mandurah line services.[81]

Yanchep and Mandurah line trains run at a five-minute frequency during peak hour and a fifteen-minute frequency outside peak and on weekends and public holidays. At night, trains are half-hourly or hourly. The earliest trains depart at 5:30 am on weekdays and Saturdays and 7:30 am on Sundays. The latest trains depart at 12:15 am on weeknights and 2:15 am on weekend nights.[82][83]

In the 2013–14 financial year, Perth Underground station had 6,804,288 boardings for the Yanchep line and 5,614,273 boardings for the Mandurah line, for a total of 12,418,561 boardings.[84][85]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Moore 2005, p. 2.
  2. ^ "Smart names for Elizabeth Quay stations". Public Transport Authority. 12 November 2015. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  3. ^ Kagi, Jacob (16 December 2015). "WA Government attacked for costly renaming of Elizabeth Quay bus and train station". ABC News. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  4. ^ "Perth Underground Station". Transperth. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  5. ^ a b c "Perth Underground Station – Access Map" (PDF). Transperth. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  6. ^ "Public Transport Authority: Railway System: April 2019" (PDF). Public Transport Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  7. ^ "Transperth Zone Map" (PDF). Transperth. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  8. ^ a b Moore 2005, p. 3.
  9. ^ "Take it or leave it". Public Transport Authority. Archived from the original on 15 September 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  10. ^ "Perth Underground linkway". Public Transport Authority. Archived from the original on 15 September 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  11. ^ South West Metropolitan Railway Master Plan 1999, Figure 1.
  12. ^ Perth Urban Rail Development Project – Supplementary Master Plan 2002, p. v, figure 2.
  13. ^ Perth Urban Rail Development Project – Supplementary Master Plan 2002, p. 48.
  14. ^ a b Moore 2005, p. 1.
  15. ^ "OnTrack: Issue 1" (PDF). New MetroRail. March 2003. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  16. ^ "Visionary rail expansion moves from plan to reality". Media Statements. 20 March 2003. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  17. ^ "LandCorp to manage City Rail land acquisition". Media Statements. 19 May 2003. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  18. ^ "OnTrack: Issue 2" (PDF). New MetroRail. July 2003. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2007.
  19. ^ "OnTrack: Issue 3" (PDF). New MetroRail. October 2003. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2007.
  20. ^ Cowan, Sean (23 June 2005). "State sued over rail 'rip-off'". The West Australian. p. 14.
  21. ^ a b Longhurst 2008, p. 309.
  22. ^ "Interest call for inner city rail project". Media Statements. 15 March 2003. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  23. ^ "Construction, tunnelling and rail experts compete for $580million works on Perth-to-Mandurah section of New MetroRail project". Media Statements. 15 May 2003. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  24. ^ "City section of New MetroRail Project signed". Media Statements. 14 February 2004. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  25. ^ "All aboard and right on track: Leighton Kumagai's New MetroRail City Project" (PDF). Australian National Construction Review. No. 7. 2006. p. 106. ISSN 1449-7344. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  26. ^ Lam, Minh (16 April 2004). "First blows struck for railway station". The West Australian. p. 11.
  27. ^ "William Street Precinct Demolition". New MetroRail. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007.
  28. ^ Strutt, Jessica (19 March 2004). "Heritage buildings survive train station plan". The Australian. p. 6.
  29. ^ a b "Retaining Key Buildings in the William Street Heritage Precinct". New MetroRail. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007.
  30. ^ "Landmarks to be retained in William Street heritage precinct". Media Statements. 18 March 2004. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  31. ^ "Heritage buildings retained as CBD rail works start". Media Statements. 15 April 2004. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  32. ^ Williams, Ruth (23 October 2004). "Double trouble hits city railway tunnel". The West Australian. p. 4.
  33. ^ "William & Wellington Street Precinct". inHerit. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  34. ^ Longhurst 2008, p. 23.
  35. ^ Moore 2005, p. 6–8.
  36. ^ Longhurst 2008, p. 35.
  37. ^ "Mitchell's Building facade to be removed". Media Statements. 14 March 2005. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  38. ^ "Diaphragm Wall Construction Work" (PDF). New MetroRail. September 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2007.
  39. ^ Moore 2005, p. 5.
  40. ^ Longhurst 2008, p. 28, 36.
  41. ^ "Revised timetable for New MetroRail". Media Statements. 27 April 2005. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  42. ^ Williams, Ruth (28 April 2005). "Alannah's train derails". The West Australian. p. 5.
  43. ^ "Budget and timetable review of New MetroRail project". Media Statements. 12 April 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  44. ^ Spagnolo, Joe (27 April 2007). "Mandurah rail delay likely". PerthNow. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  45. ^ "OnTrack: Issue 11" (PDF). New MetroRail. December 2005. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2007.
  46. ^ "Breakthrough! First stage of tunnelling completed". Media Statements. 7 February 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  47. ^ a b c d e f Longhurst 2008, p. XVII.
  48. ^ "First state of tunnelling completed on city project". Business News. 7 February 2006. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  49. ^ "Tunnel Boring Machine begins digging under Perth city". Media Statements. 25 October 2005. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  50. ^ Longhurst 2008, p. 49.
  51. ^ a b Longhurst 2008, p. 63.
  52. ^ "Second rail tunnel through to William Street". Media Statements. 31 August 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  53. ^ a b "Our history". Public Transport Authority. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  54. ^ "Final breakthrough of CBD tunnel achieves engineering feat". Media Statements. 27 October 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  55. ^ "OnTrack: Issue 15" (PDF). New MetroRail. December 2006. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2007.
  56. ^ "First train runs on new city railway". Media Statements. 13 August 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  57. ^ "City tunnel project completion announced". Media Statements. 8 September 2007. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  58. ^ "Perth's new underground railway stations ready for action". Media Statements. 14 October 2007. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  59. ^ "Perth CBD's first underground train station in operation". ABC News. 15 October 2007. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  60. ^ "All aboard as the new Perth-to-Mandurah Railway begins". Media Statements. 23 December 2007. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  61. ^ "Minister announces sale of prime city site above new train station". Media Statements. 28 September 2005. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  62. ^ Parker, Gareth (29 September 2005). "State underwrites $25m office tower". The West Australian. p. 10.
  63. ^ a b "Developers to submit proposals for 140 William Street". Media Statements. 31 March 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  64. ^ "Short-listed developers for 140 William Street site announced". Media Statements. 18 December 2005. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  65. ^ "Big names on 140 William Street shortlist". Business News. 19 December 2005. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  66. ^ "Developers submit proposals for 140 William St". Business News. 31 March 2006. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  67. ^ "Proponent chosen for 140 William Street". Media Statements. 18 September 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  68. ^ Drummond, Mark (19 September 2006). "Union fund wins $200m tower deal". The West Australian. p. 5.
  69. ^ "William Street development to pump new life into central Perth". Media Statements. 1 December 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  70. ^ "Rejuvenation of Perth's business heart under way". Media Statements. 9 August 2007. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  71. ^ "140 William Street". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  72. ^ "Fact Sheet: Pedestrian underpass" (PDF). Public Transport Authority. September 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  73. ^ "Perth City Link rail complete ahead of schedule". Media Statements. 19 December 2013. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  74. ^ Ramsey, Michael (5 December 2013). "City Link project ahead of schedule". Business News. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  75. ^ Sonti, Chalpat (12 January 2011). "Raine Square developer slams bank move". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  76. ^ Crowe-Hardy, Mitchell (11 July 2012). "CBD retail space expands into uncertain market". Business News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  77. ^ Emerson, Daniel (5 June 2015). "Escalators keep going down". The West Australian. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  78. ^ "Escalator Maintenance Program: PUG and EQ escalator update". Public Transport Authority. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  79. ^ "Transperth". Public Transport Authority. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  80. ^ "About Transperth". Transperth. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  81. ^ "Train System Map" (PDF). Transperth. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  82. ^ "Joondalup Line Train Timetable" (PDF). Transperth. 20 November 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  83. ^ "Mandurah Line Train Timetable" (PDF). Transperth. 20 November 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  84. ^ "Question On Notice No. 4246 asked in the Legislative Assembly on 25 June 2015 by Mr M. Mcgowan". Parliament of Western Australia. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  85. ^ "Question On Notice No. 4245 asked in the Legislative Assembly on 25 June 2015 by Mr M. Mcgowan". Parliament of Western Australia. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Perth Underground station.