Members of the genus are commonly calledruffle lichens or scatter-rag lichens.[4]: 83
Description
Parmotrema is characterized by its typically large, moderately to loosely-attached foliose thallus with broad lobes that are usually more than 5 mm wide. There is a broad, naked zone around the margin of the lower surface, an epicortex with pores and an upper cortex with a palisade-plectenchymatous arrangement of hyphae. Ascospores are thick-walled and ellipsoid.[5]
Taxonomy
Parmotrema was proposed as a genus by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1860, with Parmotrema perforatum as the type species.[6] The genus name, composed of the Greekparmos (cup) and trema (perforation), refers to the perforate apothecia. Parmotrema was largely ignored as a genus,[7] and its species were usually grouped in sectionAmphigymnia of the large genus Parmelia.[8] Several genera previously segregated from Parmotrema have since been folded back in owing to molecular phylogenetic evidence, including Canomaculina, Concamerella, Parmelaria, and Rimelia.[3][9]
Uses
Some species of Parmotrema can be used as a vegetable dye, such as P. crinitum. When mixed with pine sap or with water, or when first burnt to ash, lichens can provide a variety of colors such as yellow, brown, green, orange, purple, and red.[10]
^Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. 13. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany: 1–58. Archived from the original on March 18, 2009.
^Lücking, Robert; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Leavitt, Steven D. (2017). "The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota–Approaching one thousand genera". The Bryologist. 119 (4): 361–416. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361. S2CID90258634.
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