Parides burchellanus

Parides burchellanus
Conservation status
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Parides
Species:	P. burchellanus
Binomial name
Parides burchellanus (Westwood, 1872) [3]
Synonyms
Parides panthonus jaguarae (Foetterle, 1902: male)

Parides burchellanus is a species of swallowtail butterfly (family Papilionidae). It is endemic to Brazil. It is one of only two butterflies on the IUCN's 100 Most Endangered Species in the World, the other being Actinote zikani.[4]

Description

Parides burchellanus is a large, velvet-black butterfly. The forewing is unmarked except for small, white marginal spots. The underside of the hindwing has small, red postdiscal spots. These are smaller and paler on the lower surface. The hindwing has a scalloped outer margin and a large androconial hair-pouch on the anal margin of the male. There are no tails. Apart from the hair-pouch, the sexes are alike. A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906).[5]

• 
  Original description
• 
  in Seitz

Biology

The food plants of the larvae are Aristolochia chamissonia and A. melastoma.

Taxonomy

Parides burchellanus is a member of the Parides aeneas species group and may be conspecific with Parides aeneas. A suggested intermediate is known.[6]

The aeneas group members are

• Parides aeneas
• Parides aglaope
• Parides burchellanus
• Parides echemon
• Parides eurimedes
• Parides lysander
• Parides neophilus
• Parides orellana
• Parides panthonus
• Parides tros
• Parides zacynthus

River vegetation in the Cerrado

Habitat and threats

P. burchellanus is a rare species or, if it is a subspecies, an evolutionarily significant unit, of butterfly (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) that lives in a very few areas in central Brazil. Its close relation with a highly peculiar environment (gallery or riparian forest along rivers running through the cerrado landscape) restricts its occurrence to a few points. The frailty of its habitat, towards the increasing of loss of natural environments, makes it a target prone to elimination.

P. burchellanus is associated with riparian forests in Brazil, in which these rare butterflies tend to inhabit narrow streams among sectors in which the river is cut off by the forest canopy.[7]

Etymology

The name honours William John Burchell.

References

1. Grice, H.; Freitas, A.V.L.; Rosa, A.; Marini-Filho, O.; Dias, F.M.S.; Mega, N.; Mielke, O.; Casagrande, M. (2019). "Parides burchellanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T16240A145165953. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T16240A145165953.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
2. "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
3. John Obadiah Westwood (1872). "Descriptions of some new Papilionidae". Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (2): 85–110, pl. 3-5.
4. Baillie, J.E.M; Butcher, E.R. (September 2012). "Priceless or Worthless? The world's most threatened species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
5. Rothschild, W.; Jordan, K. (1906). "A revision of the American Papilios". Novitates Zoologicae. 13: 411–752. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.22801.
6. Edwin Möhn, 2007 Butterflies of the World, Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. Parides Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers ISBN 9783937783277
7. Marina V. Beirão; Fernando C. Campos-Neto; Ivan A. Pimenta; André V. L. Freitas (2012). "Population Biology and Natural History of Parides burchellanus". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 105 (1): 36–43. doi:10.1603/AN10175.

• Edwin Möhn, 2006 Schmetterlinge der Erde, Butterflies of the World Part XXVI (26), Papilionidae XIII. Parides. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books. ISBN 978-3-937783-27-7 (Supplement 13 in English - by Racheli)