Pannonia Inferior

Pannonia Inferior
Pannonia Inferior
Province of the Roman Empire
103–3rd century
	; Pannonia Inferior (125 AD)
Capital	Aquincum and Sirmium
History
• Established	103
• Reorganized	3rd century
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Pannonia
Pannonia Secunda
Pannonia Valeria
Today part of	Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Hungary; Serbia

Pannonia Inferior, lit. Lower Pannonia, was a province of the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sirmium. It was one of the border provinces on the Danube. It was formed in the year 103 AD by Emperor Trajan who divided the former province of Pannonia into two parts: Pannonia Superior and Pannonia Inferior. The province included parts of present-day states of Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The province was bordered to the east (across the Danube) by a Sarmatian tribe—the Iazyges. Later, the Vandals appeared to the north-east.

Settlements

Major settlements in Pannonia Inferior included:

Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica) which several times served as an imperial residence for several emperors.
Aquincum (Buda), the provincial capital.
Cuccium (Ilok)
Cibalae (Vinkovci)
Mursa (Osijek)
Certissa (Đakovo)
Marsonia (Slavonski Brod)
Sopianae (Pécs)

Aftermath and legacy

The province was yet again split during the reign of the tetrarchs into two more provinces, Pannonia Valeria in the north, with the new provincial capital at Sopianae, and Pannonia Secunda in the south with Sirmium as the provincial capital. During the Frankish period, in the 9th century, the term Lower Pannonia was used to designate eastern and southern regions of Pannonia, including the Slavic Principality of Lower Pannonia, particularly Posavina.

List of Roman governors

Publius Aelius Hadrianus 106-108^[2]
Titus Julius Maximus Manlianus 108-110/111
Publius Afranius Flavianus 111/112-114/115
Quintus Marcius Turbo 117/118-118/119
Lucius Cornelius Latinianus ?127-130^[3]
Lucius Attius Macro 130/131-133/134
Nonius Mucianus 134-136^[4]
Lucius Aelius Caesar 136-137
Claudius Maximus 137-c. 141^[5]
Marcus Pontius Laelianus Larcius Sabinus c. 141-c. 144
Quintus Fuficius Cornutus c. 144-147
Marcus Cominius Secundus 147-c. 150
Marcus Nonius Macrinus c. 150-c. 153
Marcus Iallius Bassus Fabius Valerianus c. 156-c. 159
Gaius Julius Geminius Capellianus c. 159-c. 161
Tiberius Haterius Saturninus c. 161-164
Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus c. 167
Lucius Ulpius Marcellus before 173
Gaius Vettius Sabinianus Julius Hospes c. 173-175
Sextus Quintilius Condianus c. 175-c. 179
Lucius Septimius Flaccus c. 179-c. 183
Lucius Cornelius Felix Plotianus c. 183-185^[6]
Gaius Pomponius Bassus Terentianus 192^[7]
Gaius Valerius Pudens c. 192-c. 194
Tiberius Claudius Claudianus c. 197/198
Lucius Baebius Caecilianus 199-202
Lucius Cassius Marcellinus between 202 and 204
Gaius Julius Septimius Castinus c. 211/212
Gaius Octavius Appius Suetonius Sabinus c. 215/216^[8]
Lucius Alfenus Avitianus between 218 and 222
Marcius Claudius Agrippa c. 217
Triccianus 217-218^[9]
Pontius Proculus Pontianus c. 219-222^[9]
Flavius Aelianus c. 228
Iasdius Domitianus between 222 and 235^[10]
Flavius Marcianus between 230 and 235
Lucius Ulpius Marcellus c.262-c.264^[11]

References

^ The Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human Remains and Legislation, Taylor & Francis, page 381.
^ Unless otherwise noted, governors from 106 to 137 are taken from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), pp. 281-362; 13 (1983), pp. 147-237
^ Ronald Syme's dates ("Governors of Pannonia Inferior", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 14 (1965), p. 344); Eck less precisely states he was governor during the reign of Hadrian.
^ Margaret Roxan, "Two Complete Diplomas of Pannonia Inferior: 19 May 135 and 7 August 143", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 127 (1999), pp. 249-273
^ Unless otherwise noted, governors from 149 to 182 are taken from Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), pp. 250-252
^ Unless otherwise noted, governors from 183 to 212 are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 277-279
^ Attested in office 11 August 192 by RMD V.446 and V.447
^ Unless otherwise noted, governors from 215 to 235 are taken from Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, pp. 256f
^ ^a ^b Davenport, Caillan (2012). "The Provincial Appointments of the Emperor Macrinus". Antichthon. 46: 184–203. doi:10.1017/S0066477400000198. ISSN 0066-4774. S2CID 145052620.
^ CIL VI, 41225
^ CIL III, 10285