Orange-spotted bulbul

Orange-spotted bulbul
Conservation status
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Pycnonotidae
Genus:	Pycnonotus
Species:	P. bimaculatus
Binomial name
Pycnonotus bimaculatus (Horsfield, 1821)
Synonyms
Turdus bimaculatus

The orange-spotted bulbul (Pycnonotus bimaculatus) is a species of songbird in the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is endemic to Java, Bali and Sumatra.

It favors forest edges and open meadows in montane forests.[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

The orange-spotted bulbul was originally described in the genus Turdus by Thomas Horsfield in 1821. Until 2016, the Aceh bulbul (Pycnonotus snouckaerti) was considered as a subspecies of the orange-spotted bulbul until split by the IOC.[3] Most other authorities have not yet recognized this split.[4]

Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized:[5]

• P. b. bimaculatus – (Horsfield, 1821): Found on south-western Sumatra, western and central Java
• P. b. tenggerensis – (van Oort, 1911): Found on eastern Java and Bali

Description

Up to 20 cm long. It is a dark-colored and active bulbul with a rounded tail.

Calls

It is a noisy bird, giving out a variety of harsh and loud calls and songs.

Behaviour and ecology

Diet

It is a frugivore.

Reproduction

It breeds throughout the year. Nesting occurs year-round, peaking in May. Nests are robust and cup-shaped.

References

1. BirdLife International (2016). "Pycnonotus bimaculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103828414A94344693. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103828414A94344693.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
2. MacKinnon, John; Karen Phillips (1993). A Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 273.
3. "Species Updates « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2017-03-29.
4. "Pycnonotus snouckaerti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-29.
5. "Bulbuls « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2017-03-28.