Novaculini

Novaculini
Rockmover wrasse (Novaculichthys taeniourus)
Pearly razorfish (Xyrichtys novacula)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Labriformes
Family:	Labridae
Tribe:	Novaculini Russell (1988)
Genus
Ammolabrus Cymolutes Iniistius Novaculichthys Novaculoides Novaculops Xyrichtys

The novaculine wrasses are saltwater fish of the tribe Novaculini, a subgroup of the wrasse family (Labridae). The group is also known more colloquially as the razorfishes. They are found throughout the global tropics, and live obligately on the sand plains of reef-associated slopes.[1]

Taxonomy

There is some uncertainty as to whether the novaculine wrasses are the sister group to the cigar wrasse (Cheilio inermis) or to the Juan Fernández wrasse (Malapterus reticulatus). Molecular phylogenetics consistently finds Novaculichthys to be the sister group to the rest of the tribe.[1][2]

Taxonomy of the group has traditionally been hindered by the problem that outwardly, some species can only be distinguished from each other by their colour patterns, which often do not persist in preserved specimens. Moreover in live specimens, males, females, and juveniles within the same species can vary greatly in appearance, and it is unknown what some of these growth stages look like in certain species.[3] This has become less of a problem with the advent of molecular phylogenetics,[2] but even so, these fish are difficult to find, and even more difficult to capture, limiting the study of this unusual group of wrasses.[3]

Biology

The novaculine wrasses live on sandbeds, usually associated with reefs. Their common name "razorfish" is derived from their flattened, blade-like snouts and strongly laterally compressed bodies. These adaptations allow them to dive into and move quickly through sand.[3][4]

• 
  Pearly razorfish (Xyrichtys novacula), showing strong lateral compression.
• 
  Fivefinger razorfish (Iniistius pentadactylus) peeking out of sand.

Reproduction

Females can change sex into males. Most species form harems. The larval form is relatively long lived, lasting up to several months, and can be found in the open ocean.[3]

Genera

Genus	Image
Ammolabrus J. E. Randall & Carlson, 1997
Cymolutes Günther, 1861	C. praetextatus
Iniistius T. N. Gill, 1862	I. melanopus
Novaculichthys Bleeker, 1862	N. taeniourus
Novaculoides J. E. Randall & Earle, 2004	N. macrolepidotus
Novaculops L. P. Schultz, 1960	N. woodi
Xyrichtys G. Cuvier, 1814	X. martinicensis

References

1. Westneat, Mark W.; Alfaro, Michael E. (August 2005). "Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the reef fish family Labridae". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 36 (2): 370–390. Bibcode:2005MolPE..36..370W. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.001. PMID 15955516.
2. Hughes, Lily C; Nash, Chloe M; White, William T; Westneat, Mark W (2023-05-01). "Concordance and Discordance in the Phylogenomics of the Wrasses and Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae)". Systematic Biology. 72 (3): 530–543. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac072. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 36331534.
3. Victor, B. C.; Wellington, G. M.; Caldow, C. (July 2001). "A review of the razorfishes (Perciformes: Labridae) of the eastern Pacific Ocean". Revista de Biologia Tropical. 49 Suppl 1: 101–110. ISSN 0034-7744. PMID 15260158.
4. FAO (2016). The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Volume 4: Bony fishes part 2 (Perciformes). FAO.