Neoclassical architecture in Poland

St. Anne's Church, Warsaw (1786)
Roman theater on the Isle (1790-1793), a companion to the Palace on the Water
Grand Theatre, Warsaw (1825)
Bank Square, Warsaw (1825)
Potocki palace in Tulchyn

Neoclassical architecture in Poland was centered on Warsaw under the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski, while the modern concept of a single capital city was to some extent inapplicable in the decentralized Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[1][2][3] Classicism came to Poland in the 18th century as the result of French infiltrations into the Polish millieu.[4] The best-known architects and artists who worked in Poland were Dominik Merlini, Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer, Szymon Bogumił Zug, Stanisław Zawadzki, Efraim Szreger, Antonio Corazzi, Jakub Kubicki, Hilary Szpilowski, Christian Piotr Aigner, Wawrzyniec Gucewicz, Bonifacy Witkowski and Danish Bertel Thorvaldsen.[5]

The first stage, called the Stanislavian style, followed by an almost complete inhibition and a period known as the Congress Kingdom classicism.[6] The palladian patterns were independently interpreted by Szymon Bogumił Zug, who followed an influence of radical French classicism.[7] A palladian by influence was also Piotr Aigner - architect of the façade of St. Anne's Church, Warsaw (1786-1788) and St. Alexander Church (1818-1826).[7] Palladian ideas were implemented in a popular type of a palace with a pillared portico.[7]

The most famous buildings of the Stanislavian period include the Royal Castle, Warsaw, rebuilt by Dominik Merlini and Jan Christian Kamsetzer, Palace on the Water, Królikarnia and the palace in Jabłonna. Kamsetzer erected the Amphitheatre in the Royal Baths Park and the Warsaw palaces of the Raczyńskis and Tyszkiewiczs as well as the palace in Iskierniki. Among the most notable works by Szymon Bogumił Zug is a palace in Natolin and Holy Trinity Church and gardens: Solec, Powązki, Mokotów and Arcadia near Nieborów.

From the period of the Congress Kingdom are Koniecpolski Palace and the St. Alexander's Church, Warsaw, the Temple of the Sibyl in Puławy, rebuilding the Łańcut Castle. The leading figure in the Congress Kingdom was Antonio Corrazzi.[7] Corazzi created the complex of Bank Square in Warsaw, the Palace of the Ministry of Revenues and Treasury, the building of the Staszic Palace, Mostowski Palace and designed the Grand Theatre. Belvedere and Pawłowice were created by Jakub Kubicki, while Lubostroń Palace and Dobrzyca Palace by Stanisław Zawadzki. The notable town halls in Łowicz, Płock, Błonie, Konin and Aleksandrów Łódzki are dating back the first half of the nineteenth century.

  • Park structures
  • Sybil Temple in Puławy, 1798-1801
    Sybil Temple in Puławy, 1798-1801
  • The Aqueduct in Arkadia (Nieborów), 1784
    The Aqueduct in Arkadia (Nieborów), 1784
  • Water Tower in the Royal Baths (Warsaw), 1777–1778
    Water Tower in the Royal Baths (Warsaw), 1777–1778
  • Panteon in Dobrzyca, before 1806
    Panteon in Dobrzyca, before 1806
  • City structures
  • Działyński House in Poznań, 1773-1776
    Działyński House in Poznań, 1773-1776
  • Zbaraski House in Kraków, 1777-1783
    Zbaraski House in Kraków, 1777-1783
  • Town Hall in Siedlce, 1766-1769
    Town Hall in Siedlce, 1766-1769
  • Guard Building in Poznań, 1783-1787
    Guard Building in Poznań, 1783-1787

References

  1. ^ The above mentioned buildings cannot in any way be compared with what was built in Warsaw at that time, because Warsaw become the real artistic capital of Poland. Much of the artistic work done in Warsaw was thanks to the sponsorship of Stanisław August. The creative artists gathered there and the most outstanding architects of the classicist period were very active. At that time, Kraków become artistically provincial. Michał Rożek, Doris Ronowicz (1988). Cracow: a treasury of Polish culture and art. Interpress Publishers. p. 74. ISBN 83-223-2245-3.
  2. ^ John Stanley (March–June 2004). "Literary Activities and Attitudes in the Stanislavian Age in Poland (1764–1795): A Social System?". findarticles.com. Archived from the original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 2009-04-23.
  3. ^ Francis W. Carter (1994). Trade and urban development in Poland: an economic geography of Cracow, from its origins to 1795 – Volume 20 of Cambridge studies in historical geography. Cambridge University Press. pp. 186, 187. ISBN 978-0-521-41239-1.
  4. ^ Marek Kwiatkowski (1983). Stanisław August, król-architekt (Stanislaus Augustus, the king-architect). Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. p. 274. ISBN 83-04-00850-5.
  5. ^ Jon Stewart, Jon Bartley Stewart (2003). Kierkegaard and his contemporaries: the culture of golden age Denmark. Walter de Gruyter. p. 394. ISBN 3-11-017762-5.
  6. ^ Manfred Kridl (1967). A survey of Polish literature and culture. Columbia University Press. pp. 192, 343.
  7. ^ a b c d Wojciech Słowakiewicz (2000). Wielka encyklopedia polski (in Polish). Fogra.