Munjong of Goryeo

Korean name
Hangul	문종
Hanja	文宗
Revised Romanization	Munjong
McCune–Reischauer	Munjong
Birth name
Hangul	왕휘
Hanja	王徽
Revised Romanization	Wang Hwi
McCune–Reischauer	Wang Hwi
Courtesy name
Hangul	촉유
Hanja	燭幽
Revised Romanization	Chogyu
McCune–Reischauer	Ch'ogyu
Posthumous name
Hangul	인효대왕
Hanja	仁孝大王
Revised Romanization	Inhyo Daewang
McCune–Reischauer	Inhyo Taewang

Posthumous name
	Great King Gangjeong Myeongdae Jangseong Inhyo; 강정명대장성인효대왕; (剛定明大章聖仁孝大王)
Temple name
	Munjong (문종, 文宗)

Munjong of Goryeo
고려 문종
高麗文宗
Munjong of Goryeo; 고려 문종; 高麗文宗
King of Goryeo
Reign	1046–1083
Coronation	1046; Junggwang Hall, Gaegyeong, Goryeo
Predecessor	Jeongjong of Goryeo
Successor	Sunjong of Goryeo
Born	Wang Hwi; 29 December 1019; Anbok Palace, Gaegyeong, Goryeo
Died	2 September 1083 (aged 63); Junggwang Hall, Gaegyeong, Goryeo
Burial	Gyeongneung (경릉, 景陵)
Queen Consort	Queen Inpyeong; Queen Inye (before 1047)
Consort	Princess Suryeong; Princess Sunggyeong (before 1082); Princess Sunghwa (m. 1049⁠–⁠1083)
Issue	Sons:; Wang Hun; Wang Un; Wang Ong; Wang Hu; Wang Su; Wang Taeng; Wang Bi; Wang Eum; Wang Chim; Wang Gyeong; Wang Do; Wang Su; Wang Yu; Daughters:; Princess Jeokgyeong; Princess Boryeong;
Posthumous name
Posthumous name
	Great King Gangjeong Myeongdae Jangseong Inhyo; 강정명대장성인효대왕; (剛定明大章聖仁孝大王)
Temple name
	Munjong (문종, 文宗)
House	Wang
Dynasty	Goryeo
Father	Hyeonjong of Goryeo
Mother	Queen Wonhye

Munjong of Goryeo (29 December 1019 – 2 September 1083), personal name Wang Hwi, was the 11th monarch of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea.

King Munjong was born in 1019 and reigned from 1046 until his death in 1083. During his reign, the central government of Goryeo gained complete authority and power over local lords.^[1] Munjong, and later kings, emphasized the importance of civilian leadership over the military. Munjong expanded Korea's borders northward to the Yalu and Tumen Rivers and built many forts to guard the northern border.^[1]

Munjong's fourth son, Uicheon (born 1055), became a Buddhist priest who founded the Cheontae as an independent school of Buddhism. During Munjong's reign, academic physician officers (hallimuigwan) first appeared in Goryeo, and Goryeo's medicinal exams were often used as a pathway by the commoners for societal advancement.^[2] Additionally, during Munjong's reign many Chinese medicine books entered Goryeo through the Song Dynasty of China.^[2]

Family

Father: Hyeonjong of Goryeo
Mother: Queen Wonhye
Consorts and their Respective issue(s):

Queen Inpyeong of the Ansan Kim clan; half younger sister – No issue.
Queen Inye of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1092)
1. Crown Prince Wang Hun
2. Wang Un, Marquis Gukwon
3. Wang Ong, Duke Gyerim
4. Wang Hu
5. Wang Su, Duke Sangan (왕수 상안공)^[3]^[4]
6. Wang Taeng
7. Wang Bi, Marquess Geumgwan (왕비 금관후)^[5]
8. Wang Eum, Marquess Byeonhan (왕음 변한후)^[6]^[7]
9. Wang Chim, Marquess Nakrang (왕침 낙랑후)
10. Wang Gyeong (왕경)
11. Princess Jeokgyeong (적경궁주)
12. Princess Boryeong
13. Unborn daughter^[8]
14. Unborn daughter^[8]
Worthy Consort Ingyeong of the Incheon Yi clan
Worthy Consort Injeol of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1082)
1. Unnamed daughter, died early^[8]
2. Unnamed daughter, died early^[8]
Virtuous Consort Inmok of the Gyeongju Kim clan (d. 1094)
1. Unnamed daughter, died early^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b 박, 기현 (November 5, 2022). "[성공한 군주들로부터 배우는 역사의 교훈 '제왕의 리더십'] (10) 고려 문종, 균형 잡힌 외교감각으로 통합의 리더십 보여주다". Baccro News. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
^ ^a ^b Lee, Kyung Lock (December 19, 2015). "History of the medical licensing examination (uieop) in Korea's Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392)". Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professionals. 12: 19. doi:10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.19. PMC 4536363. PMID 26008917.
^ "상안공 (常安公)". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-07-08.
^ [1]^{[dead link]}
^ "금관후". www.doopedia.co.kr.
^ "변한후 (卞韓侯)". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-07-08.
^ [2]^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "문종 소생 공주". Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 6, 2022.

Eckert, Lee, Lew, Robinson and Wagner, Korea Old and New: A History, Harvard University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-9627713-0-9

Regnal titles
Munjong of Goryeo House of Wang Born: 29 December 1019 Died: 2 September 1083
Preceded by Jeongjong	King of Goryeo 1046–1083	Succeeded by Sunjong