American crystallographer (1903–1986)
Martin Julian Buerger (April 8, 1903 – February 26, 1986) was an American crystallographer . He was a Professor of Mineralogy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . He invented the X-ray precession camera for studies in crystallography . Buerger authored twelve textbooks/monographs and over 200 technical articles. He was awarded the Arthur L. Day Medal by the Geological Society of America in 1951. The mineral fluor-buergerite was named for him. The MJ Buerger Award (established by the American Crystallographic Association ) was established in his honor.
Buerger was a member of the Provisional International Crystallographic Committee chaired by P. P. Ewald from 1946 to 1948, and he continued as a member of the IUCr Executive Committee from 1948 to 1951. He was also a member of the Commission on International Tables from its establishment in 1948 until 1981.
In 1956, Buerger was the third person (after John C. Slater and Francis O. Schmitt ) to have been appointed Institute Professor at MIT.
Significant works
Buerger MJ (July 1934). "The Temperature-Structure-Composition Behavior of Certain Crystals" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 20 (7): 444– 53. doi :10.1073/pnas.20.7.444 PMC 1076442 PMID 16577615 . Buerger MJ (December 1936). "The Kinetic Basis of Crystal Polymorphism" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 22 (12): 682– 5. doi :10.1073/pnas.22.12.682 PMC 1076843 PMID 16577751 . Buerger MJ (December 1936). "The General Rôle of Composition in Polymorphism" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 22 (12): 685– 9. doi :10.1073/pnas.22.12.685 PMC 1076844 PMID 16577752 . Buerger MJ (July 1939). "The Photography of Interatomic Distance Vectors and of Crystal Patterns" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 25 (7): 383– 8. doi :10.1073/pnas.25.7.383 PMC 1077926 PMID 16577920 . Buerger MJ (November 1940). "The Correction of X-Ray Diffraction Intensities for Lorentz and Polarization Factors" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 26 (11): 637– 42. doi :10.1073/pnas.26.11.637 PMC 1078244 PMID 16577987 . Buerger MJ (February 1941). "Optically Reciprocal Gratings and Their Application to Synthesis of Fourier Series" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 27 (2): 117– 24. doi :10.1073/pnas.27.2.117 PMC 1078286 PMID 16577998 . Buerger MJ (July 1942). "A New Fourier Series Technique for Crystal Structure Determination" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 28 (7): 281– 5. doi :10.1073/pnas.28.7.281 PMC 1078468 PMID 16578051 . Buerger MJ, Smith LB, de Bretteville A, Ryer FV (December 1942). "The Lower Hydrates of Soap" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 28 (12): 526– 9. doi :10.1073/pnas.28.12.526 PMC 1078532 PMID 16588581 . Buerger MJ (December 1942). "The Characteristics of Soap Hemihydrate Crystals" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 28 (12): 529– 35. doi :10.1073/pnas.28.12.529 PMC 1078533 PMID 16588582 . Buerger MJ, Smith LB, Ryer FV, Spike JE (August 1945). "The Crystalline Phases of Soap" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 31 (8): 226– 33. doi :10.1073/pnas.31.8.226 PMC 1078808 PMID 16588693 . Buerger MJ (June 1948). "Some Relations Between the F's and F2's of X-Ray Diffraction" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 34 (6): 277– 85. doi :10.1073/pnas.34.6.277 PMC 1079109 PMID 16588811 . Buerger MJ (April 1949). "Crystallographic Symmetry in Reciprocal Space" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 35 (4): 198– 201. doi :10.1073/pnas.35.4.198 PMC 1062998 PMID 16588883 . Buerger MJ (May 1950). "The Crystallographic Symmetries Determinable by X-Ray Diffraction" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 36 (5): 324– 9. doi :10.1073/pnas.36.5.324 PMC 1063191 PMID 15417548 . Buerger MJ (May 1950). "The Photography of Atoms in Crystals" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 36 (5): 330– 5. doi :10.1073/pnas.36.5.330 PMC 1063192 PMID 15417549 . Buerger MJ (July 1950). "Some New Functions of Interest in X-Ray Crystallography" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 36 (7): 376– 82. doi :10.1073/pnas.36.7.376 PMC 1063208 PMID 15430317 . Buerger MJ (December 1950). "Limitation of Electron Density by the Patterson Function" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 36 (12): 738– 42. doi :10.1073/pnas.36.12.738 PMC 1063280 PMID 16578351 . Buerger MJ (July 1953). "Image Theory of Superposed Vector Sets" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 39 (7): 669– 73. doi :10.1073/pnas.39.7.669 PMC 1063842 PMID 16589322 . Buerger MJ (July 1953). "Solution Functions for Solving Superposed Patterson Syntheses" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 39 (7): 674– 8. doi :10.1073/pnas.39.7.674 PMC 1063843 PMID 16589323 . Buerger MJ (July 1953). "An Intersection Function and Its Relations to the Minimum Function of X-Ray Crystallography" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 39 (7): 678– 80. doi :10.1073/pnas.39.7.678 PMC 1063844 PMID 16589324 . Buerger MJ (February 1954). "Some Relations for Crystals with Substructures" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 40 (2): 125– 8. doi :10.1073/pnas.40.2.125 PMC 527953 PMID 16589430 . Buerger MJ, Robinson DW (April 1955). "THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND TWINNING OF Co2S3" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 41 (4): 199– 203. doi :10.1073/pnas.41.4.199 PMC 528056 PMID 16589645 . Buerger MJ (March 1956). "The Arrangement of Atoms in Crystals of the Wollastonite Group of Metasilicates" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 42 (3): 113– 6. doi :10.1073/pnas.42.3.113 PMC 528228 PMID 16589830 . Buerger MJ (October 1956). "Partial Fourier Syntheses and Their Application to the Solution of Certain Crystal Structures" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 42 (10): 776– 81. doi :10.1073/pnas.42.10.776 PMC 528335 PMID 16589951 . Takeuchi Y, Buerger MJ (October 1960). "The Crystal Structure of Terramycin Hydrochloride" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 46 (10): 1366– 70. doi :10.1073/pnas.46.10.1366 PMC 223052 PMID 16590759 . Crystal-Structure Analysis, 668pp, Krieger Pub Co., 1979Introduction to crystal geometry, 204pp., R. E. Krieger, 1977Contemporary crystallography, 364pp., McGraw Hill, 1970Elementary crystallography;: An introduction to the fundamental geometrical features of crystals, 528pp., Wiley, 1963X-ray crystallography;: An introduction to the investigation of crystals by their diffraction of monochromatic X radiation, 531pp., Chapman & Hall, 1958Buerger, M J (1944). The photography of the reciprocal lattice . Cambridge, Massachusetts : ASXRED. OCLC 180582947 .
References
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