MapServer is an open-source development environment for building spatially enabled internet applications, built in the C language, and is widely known as one of the fastest Web mapping engines available. It can run as a CGI program or via MapScript which supports several programming languages (using SWIG). MapServer can access hundreds of data formats, any raster or vector format supported by GDAL, and reprojections on-the-fly are handled by PROJ. MapServer was originally developed by Steve Lime, then working at the University of Minnesota — so, it was previously referred to as "UMN MapServer", to distinguish it from commercial "map servers"; today it is commonly referred to as just "MapServer", and is maintained by the MapServer Project Steering Committee (PSC). MapServer was originally developed with support from NASA, which needed a way to make its satellite imagery available to the public.[2]
Open Source Geospatial Foundation
In November 2005, Autodesk, the MapServer Technical Steering Committee Members, the University of Minnesota, and DM Solutions Group announced the creation of the MapServer Foundation.[3] With this announcement, Autodesk announced that its internet mapping application, MapGuide, would be developed as an open source application with all new code and be named "MapServer Enterprise".[3] The existing MapServer application would be renamed "MapServer Cheetah".[3] This name change was overwhelmingly opposed by the MapServer community.[4] Autodesk then backed off this name change and retained the name, "MapGuide" for its product.[4] Also, plans to establish the MapServer Foundation were scrapped; Instead, the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo) was established to include MapServer and other open source GIS projects (which now includes MapGuide Open Source).[5]
Timeline
MapServer has had an important role in Web mapping history. The following is a summary of its evolution:
1994: UMN awarded with NASA/ForNet funding to support web-based delivery of forestry data.[6]
1997-07: MapServer 1.0, Developed as Part of the NASA ForNet Project. Grew out of the need to deliver remote sensing data across the web for foresters.
1998-07: MapServer 2.0 released as final ForNET deliverable; added reprojection support (PROJ.4).
1999: UMN makes MapServer an open source project.[6]
2000-06: MapServer 3.0 was developed as part of the NASA TerraSIP Project. This is also the first public, open source release of UMN MapServer.[7]
2001-06: MapServer 3.2 released with MapScript 1.0, like CSS, adds layout flexibility.
2002-06: MapServer 3.5 was rewritten,[8] and added support for PostGIS and ArcSDE. Version 3.6 adds initial OGCWMS support.
2003-07: MapServer 4.0, adds 24bit raster output support and support for SWF.
2015-07: MapServer 7.0 released,[10] adds heatmap layers, WFS 2.0 support, and layer-level character encoding.
2018-07: MapServer 7.2 released,[11] adds MVT support, support for multi-line comments in the mapfile, and Python 3 support for MapScript.
2019-05: MapServer 7.4 released,[12] adds PHP 7 MapScript support through SWIG, and initial PROJ 6 API support.
2020-05: MapServer 7.6 released,[13] adds full support for PROJ 6 API, adds connection options in mapfile, and special character support in mapfiles on Windows.
2022-09: MapServer 8.0 released,[14] adds native FlatGeobuf support, OGCAPI: Features support, new config file for MapServer, and PHP native MapScript removed, in place of PHPNG (SWIG) MapScript.
2024-07: MapServer 8.2 released,[15] adds OGC API Features support, GitHub repository restructuring, and secures regex validation.