An off-season Atlantic hurricane is a tropical or subtropical cyclone that existed in the Atlantic basin outside of the official Atlantic hurricane season. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration currently defines the season as occurring between June 1 and November 30 each calendar year, which is when 97% of all Atlantic tropical cyclones occur.[1] Peak activity is known to be between August and October.[1][2] Between 1938, when the United States Weather Bureau began issuing tropical cyclone warnings as a collaborative observation network for cities along the U.S. coastline, and 1963, the season was defined between June 15 and November 15.[3] In 1964, the season was extended to begin on June 1 and end on November 30,[2] which remains the official length of the season.
As of 2023[update], there have been 92 off-season cyclones recorded in the official Atlantic hurricane database, which dates back to 1851. In addition, six earlier such storms have been documented, but are not part of the database. The first off-season storm in the database was an 1865 storm that developed in the Caribbean Sea; an earlier documented 1863 hurricane is not part of the database. The most recent off-season system was an unnamed January subtropical storm in 2023.
Background
Off-season storms are most likely to occur in May, with approximately 60% of such storms occurring during that month. Off-season cyclones are most likely to develop in the central to western Atlantic Ocean, and most do not make landfall. Of the storms that have, a tropical storm in 1948 that struck the Dominican Republic, killing 80 people in the Dominican Republic, was the deadliest.[4] However, the unofficial hurricane in 1863 killed 110 people, in a shipwreck off Florida and on land. That same storm was estimated to have reached winds of 105 mph (169 km/h), making it the strongest hurricane between December and May; the strongest currently in the official database was a March hurricane in 1908 that reached winds of 100 mph (160 km/h). In addition, the strongest off-season cyclone to make landfall in the United States was Tropical Storm Beryl in May of 2012, which made landfall near Jacksonville Beach, Florida with 65 mph (105 km/h) winds.[5] Hurricane Alice was the only one of the cyclones to strike land as a hurricane, doing so to islands in the northern Lesser Antilles; it caused locally heavy rainfall and moderate damage.[6] Of all cyclones during the off-season, Hurricane Lili in 1984 lasted the longest, for a total of 12 days. In 2005, Hurricane Epsilon maintained hurricane status for five days, longer than any other storm in December; the previous record was two and a half days, set by Hurricane Lili.
The year with the most off-season storms was 1887, with a total of five existing in the off-season. The 1951 season had four, one of which a depression. Several others had three tropical cyclones, of which only 2003 had three tropical storms. The 1908 and 1951 seasons were the only ones with two hurricanes forming in the off-season. In eight seasons, there were storms both prior to the start of the season as well as after the season ended, those being 1887, 1911, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1970, 2003, and 2007; all but 1911 had tropical cyclones of at least tropical storm status before and after the season.[7][8] The longest streak of consecutive years featuring at least one pre-season storm was seven, from 2015 through 2021.
Chronology
Tropical cyclones have been named in the Atlantic since the 1947 Atlantic hurricane season, and subtropical cyclones have been recognized in HURDAT since 1968. The National Hurricane Center issues names for tropical and subtropical cyclones once their winds reach 39 mph (63 km/h). Before 1950, storms were numbered based on their appearance in the Atlantic hurricane database; tropical depressions were unnumbered.[7][8][9] Storms before 1851 are unofficial and are not part of the official Atlantic hurricane best track.[10] In addition, a hurricane from May 1863, labeled "Amanda", is included after being rediscovered in 2013.[11]
The wind speeds listed are maximum one-minute average sustained winds, and the pressure is the minimum barometric pressure; tropical cyclones listed with N/A under pressure indicates there is no known estimated pressure. For deaths, "None" indicates that there were no reports of fatalities; death tolls listed as "several" mean there were fatalities reported, but an exact total is unavailable. For both deaths and damage, N/A refers to no known total, although such storms may have impacted land. The damage totals are the United States dollar of the year of the storm.
Off-season storms are most likely to occur in May, followed by December. Several late November systems have persisted into December thus enhancing its count. Conversely, only one storm has formed in March, followed by February with two. Additionally, a pair of hurricanes have spanned two calendar years: Hurricane Alice in 1954–1955, and Tropical Storm Zeta in 2005–2006.[7][8]
Number of recorded off-season cyclones by month[7][8]
^ abDorst, Neil; Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (2012). "Subject: G1 – When is hurricane season?". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^ abcRappaport, Edward N; Fernandez-Partagas, Jose (January 1995). The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492 – 1994(PDF) (NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-47). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service's National Hurricane Center. p. 23. Archived(PDF) from the original on March 1, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
^ abBeven II, John L; National Hurricane Center (December 12, 2012). Tropical storm Beryl(PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
^Colin J. McAdie; Christopher W. Landsea; Charles J. Neumann; Joan E. David; Eric S. Blake; Gregory R. Hammer (August 20, 2009). Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1851 – 2006(PDF) (Sixth ed.). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 18. Retrieved July 7, 2010.
^"Four Lives Lost in Storm Off Tampa Coast". Morning Avalanche. December 2, 1925.
^Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (2012). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT in 1932". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
^Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (2012). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT in 1933". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
^Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (2012). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT in 1935". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
^ abHurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (2012). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT in 1936". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
^Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (2012). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT in 1938". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
^Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (2012). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT in 1940". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
^Avila, Lixion A; National Hurricane Center (June 30, 1993). Tropical Depression One (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved March 1, 2010.
^Franklin, James L; Pasch, Richard J; Avila, Lixion A; Beven, John L; Lawrence, Miles B; Stewart, Stacy R; Blake, Eric S (March 1, 2006). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2004". Monthly Weather Review. 134 (3): 981–1025. Bibcode:2006MWRv..134..981F. CiteSeerX10.1.1.212.5664. doi:10.1175/MWR3096.1.
^Berg, Robbie; National Hurricane Center (June 12, 2009). Tropical Depression One(PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
^Pasch, Richard J (December 7, 2012). Tropical Storm Alberto(PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service's National Hurricane Center. Archived(PDF) from the original on May 20, 2024. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
^Herndon, Rhonda. "May 2012"(PDF). Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena with Late Reports and Corrections. 54 (5). ISSN0039-1972. Archived from the original(PDF) on May 20, 2024. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
^Blake Eric S; Kimberlain Todd B; Beven II< John L (February 7, 2014). Unnamed Tropical Storm Tropical Cyclone Report(PDF) (Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service's National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
^Pasch (May 8, 2015). Subtropical Storm Ana Forecast Discussion Number 1 (Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service's National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
^Pasch (January 13, 2016). Hurricane ALEX Public Advisory (Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service's National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
Bette Midler Midler en 2015.Información personalNacimiento 1 de diciembre de 1945 (78 años) Honolulú, Hawái, Estados UnidosNacionalidad EstadounidenseReligión JudaísmoLengua materna Inglés estadounidense Características físicasOjos Marrón castaño Cabello Rubio FamiliaCónyuge Martin Rochus Sebastian von Haselberg (1984-presente)Hijos Sophie von HaselbergEducaciónEducada en Universidad de HawáiUniversidad de Hawái en MānoaAdmiral Arthur W. Radford High SchoolHB StudioPratt Ins…
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Rolf HädrichLahir(1931-04-24)24 April 1931Zwickau, JermanMeninggal29 Oktober 2000(2000-10-29) (umur 69)Hamburg, JermanPekerjaanSutradaraPenulis naskahTahun aktif1958-1989 Rolf Hädrich (24 April 1931 – 29 Oktober 2000) adalah s…
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Disney Junior (disambigua). Disney JuniorPaese Stati Uniti Linguainglese Tipotematico Targetbambini Data di lancio14 febbraio 2011 (contenitore su Disney Channel) 23 marzo 2012 (canale televisivo) Canale sostituitoPlayhouse Disney GruppoThe Walt Disney Company EditoreDisney Branded Television Sitowww.disneyjunior.com DiffusioneSatelliteDish NetworkCanale 168 (SD) DirecTVCanale 289 (SD/HD) C-BandAMC 11 – Canale 44AMC 18 – Canale 12 …
إيمانويل كانط (بالألمانية: Immanuel Kant) معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالألمانية: Emanuel Kant) الميلاد 22 أبريل 1724 [1][2][3] كونيغسبرغ الوفاة 12 فبراير 1804 (79 سنة) [1][4][3][5] كونيغسبرغ مكان الدفن كاتدرائية كونيغسبرغ الإقامة كونيغسبرغ (1880…
American semiconductor company Qualcomm IncorporatedHeadquarters in San Diego, CaliforniaCompany typePublicTraded asNasdaq: QCOMNasdaq-100 componentS&P 100 componentS&P 500 componentIndustryTelecoms equipmentsSemiconductorsFoundedJuly 1985; 38 years ago (1985-07)FoundersIrwin JacobsAndrew ViterbiFranklin P. AntonioHeadquartersSan Diego, California, U.S.Area servedWorldwideKey peopleCristiano Amon (CEO)Mark D. McLaughlin (chairman)ProductsCDMA/WCDMA chipsets, S…
Map of diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom This is a list of diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom. At present, the capital city of London hosts 165 embassies and high commissions. Several other countries have ambassadors accredited to the United Kingdom, with most being resident in Brussels or Paris. There are also a number of Honorary Consuls resident in various locations in the UK. Embassies and High Commissions in London Main article: List of diplomatic missions in London The follo…
Software application designed to run on mobile devices For Wikipedia's mobile apps, see Help:Mobile access § Official mobile apps. A mobile application or app is a computer program or software application designed to run on a mobile device such as a phone, tablet, or watch. Mobile applications often stand in contrast to desktop applications which are designed to run on desktop computers, and web applications which run in mobile web browsers rather than directly on the mobile device. Apps w…
2003–2004 transitional government of Iraq Republic of Iraq(2003–2004)جمهورية العراقJumhūriyyat al-ʽIrāq2003–2004 Top: Flag of IraqBottom: Flag of the United States Seal of the Coalition Provisional Authority Motto: Security, Liberty, Equality, JusticeAnthem: Mawtini (de facto)[1][2](English: My Homeland)[2]The Star-Spangled Banner (de jure)The CPA exercised its influence over Iraq.StatusTransitional government under United States milita…
Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento paleontologi non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Riggs (a destra) e William Menke (a sinistra) mentre studiano fossili di Diplodocus e Camarasaurus Elmer S. Riggs, all'anagrafe Elmer Samuel Riggs (Trafalgar, 23 gennaio 1869 – Sedan, 25 marzo 1963), è stato un paleontologo statunitense. È noto per aver coll…
Pakistani cricket coach and former cricketer Mohammad YousufPP SIPersonal informationFull nameMohammad YousufBornJoseph Youhana (1974-08-27) 27 August 1974 (age 49)Lahore, Punjab, PakistanHeight5 ft 10 in (178 cm)[1]BattingRight-handedBowlingRight-arm mediumRoleBatsmanInternational information National sidePakistan (1998–2010)Test debut (cap 122)26 February 1998 v South AfricaLast Test26 August 2010 v EnglandODI debut (cap …
National archive service of the United Kingdom from 1838 until 2003 For the archive in the Australian state of Victoria, see Public Record Office Victoria. For the Public Records Office of Hong Kong, see Government Records Service. Public Record OfficeEntrance of the Public Record Office on Chancery Lane, now the Maughan Library, King's College LondonGeneral informationTypeNational archiveArchitectural styleNeo-GothicTown or cityCity of London, LondonCountryUnited KingdomCoordinates51°30′55…
2005 studio album by Silver JewsTanglewood NumbersStudio album by Silver JewsReleasedOctober 18, 2005GenreIndie rockLength34:51LabelDrag CityProducerDavid BermanSilver Jews chronology Bright Flight(2001) Tanglewood Numbers(2005) Lookout Mountain, Lookout Sea(2008) Tanglewood Numbers is the fifth studio album by Silver Jews, released in 2005. Like on all of their other albums, Silver Jews' principal song writer and constant band member is David Berman. On this album fourteen other musicia…
Polo air pada Pekan Olahraga Nasional 2024LokasiKolam Renang Selayang, MedanTanggalTBD–TBDPesertaTBD← 20212028 → Polo air pada Pekan Olahraga Nasional 2024 akan berlangsung di Medan dan menandingkan baik nomor putra maupun putri. Kualifikasi Tim putra Jalur Kualifikasi Lokasi Provinsi yang Lolos Tuan rumah — Sumatera Utara Aceh Festival Akuatik Nasional 2023 Jakarta Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Jawa Barat Jambi Sumatera Selatan …
Паоло Нутиниитал. Paolo Nutini Основная информация Полное имя Паоло Джованни Нутини Дата рождения 9 января 1987(1987-01-09) (37 лет) Место рождения Пейсли, Шотландия Страна Великобритания Профессии автор-исполнительмузыкант Годы активности 2005 — настоящее время Инстру…
Religion practiced by the Aja, Ewe, and Fon people This article is about the West African religion. For other uses, see Voodoo. Part of a series onVodun related religions calledVoodoo Beliefs West African Vodun Arará religionCandomblé (Jejé) Cuban VodúDominican Vudú Haitian VodouHoodoo Louisiana Voodoo Tambor de Mina Venezuelan Yuyu Trinidadian Vodunu Deities Creators DamballaMawuNana Buluku Loas Adjassou-LinguetorAdya Houn'tò AgassouAgwé Anaisa PyeAyida-Weddo AyizanAzaka-Tonnerre Bacalou…
Measurement unit used in typography This article is about the unit of typographic measure. For a dot grapheme, see Full point and Interpoint. For the mark used to separate an integer from a decimal part, see Decimal point. For other uses, see Point (disambiguation). Small text redirects here. Not to be confused with Microprinting. PointA ruler showing point scale (on the bottom) and inch scale (on the top)General informationUnit systemtypographic unitUnit oflengthConversions 1 point in…