| Instrument |
Uses
|
| Toric Marker |
to mark 0 to 180 degree reference mark for Toric IOL implant
|
| Pre-chopper |
to chop lens into pieces before implantation new lens and reduce phaco time
|
| Spectacles (glasses) |
to correct refractive errors of the eye; not invasive
|
| Contact lenses |
to correct refractive errors of the eye; a little invasive
|
| Phoropter |
used in refraction testing
|
| Tonometers |
used to determine the intraoccular pressure (IOP) - useful in glaucoma; video link for various types of tonometers.
|
| Speculum: |
to keep the eyes open during any operation
|
| Universal eye speculum |
-do-; heavy instrument and can not keep eyelashes out of the operating field
|
| •Guarded eye speculum (left and right) |
-do-; heavy instrument but can keep eyelashes out of the operating field with its "guard" and hence left or right ones are required
|
| •Wire Speculum |
to keep the eyes open during any operation; light wire instrument
|
| Needle holders: |
holding the needle in position while applying sutures
|
| •Silcock's needle holder |
-do-; has a catch and is used for heavier gauge needles; used mainly for skin, muscle and corneal incisions
|
| •Arruga's needle holder |
-do-; has a catch (lock) and is used for heavier gauge needles (thicker than 6–0); used mainly for skin, muscle and corneal incisions
|
| •Barraquer's needle holder |
-do-; small instrument with a spring action with or without a catch used for finer gauge needles (5-0 or finer); used mainly for intraoccular incisions
|
| Forceps: |
to hold anything
|
| •Artery forceps (haemostat) |
medium-sized, with a serrated tip and a catch; used to hold bleeding vessels and compress them in order to make them stop bleeding and also to hold or crush structures.
|
| •Fixation forceps |
has a few teeth at the tip; for holding structures and restricting their movement or to hold small swabs
|
| •Plain dissecting forceps |
blunt untoothed with a serrated tip; for holding structures and restricting their movement or to hold small swabs
|
| •Iris forceps |
fine tipped (straight or otherwise) with small teeth; to hold the iris tissue during procedures
|
| •Elschnig's intracapsular forceps |
fine untoothed forceps for holding tissue, swabs, sutures, etc.; removing things like clots, capsule fragments, lens, etc.; used in cataract surgery
|
| •Arruga's intracapsular forceps |
fine untoothed forceps holding tissue, swabs, sutures, etc.; removing things like clots, capsule fragments, lens, etc.; used in cataract surgery
|
| •Colibri forceps |
fine toothed forceps for holding flaps of cornea or sclera and rarely the iris
|
| •Saint Martin's forceps |
holding flaps of cornea or sclera and rarely the iris
|
| •Superior rectus holding forceps |
specially curved (to fit into the orbit of the eye) forceps for catching hold of the muscle bellies of the intraorbital muscles and sutures
|
| •Suture tier forceps |
fine limbed untoothed forceps to hold fine sutures or hairs
|
| •Capsulotomy forceps |
to tear the anterior capsule of the lens during cataract surgery
|
| •Disc holding forceps |
used in glaucoma surgery (obsolete)
|
| •Capsulorhexis forceps |
fine sharp-tipped untoothed forceps for doing a continuous curvilinear incision and removal of the anterior capsule of the lens ("continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis - ccc")
|
| •MacPherson's forceps |
fine sharp-tipped untoothed forceps with an angulation for holding parts of the lens, the intraocular lens, 10-0 (very fine) sutures, etc.
|
| •Chalazion forceps (clamp) |
self-retaining with discoid ends; used to hold and prevent a chalazion from bleeding during its surgery
|
| Diamond knife |
used to perform microincisions on the cornea in the Radial keratotomy and Mini Asymmetric Radial Keratotomy (M.A.R.K.)
|
| •Epilation forceps (Cilia forceps) |
stout flat-ended blunt forceps with a thickened end to remove eyelashes
|
| •Entropion forceps |
self-retaining with big discoid ends used to hold and prevent an entropion from bleeding during its surgery
|
| Chalazion scoop |
to remove the granulation tissue from a chalazion during surgery
|
| Entropion clamp |
right and left varieties exist; large clamp with two limbs; self-retaining with big discoid ends used to hold and prevent an entropion from bleeding during its surgery
|
| Nettleship's punctum dilator |
to dilate the lacrimal punctum of the lacrimal apparatus of the eye for syringing or operations
|
| Cystotome |
a 26 gauge needle bent twice used for incising the anterior capsule of the lens in lens extraction
|
| Wire vectis |
a loop of wire attached to a stack used to extract cataract affected lenses
|
| Irrigating vectis |
a small hollow instrument with a used to introduce fluid into the anterior chamber to raise its pressure to aid cataract extraction [2]
|
| Canula |
used to carry fluid
|
| •Irrigation-aspiration two-way canula |
effectively two small canulae fitted together, one to introduce fluid and the other to extract the cortical materials, blood, etc. in eye operations
|
| •Lacrimal canula |
small curved canula the size of a syringe needle used to introduce fluids or drugs into the nasolacrimal passage to test its patency or during surgery (dacrocystography, dacrocystectomy, dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR), etc.
|
| Lang's lacrimal dissector with scoop |
for blunt dissections and cleaning during operations like dacryocystorhinostomy
|
| Rougine |
dissection of lacrimal sac
|
| Retractor |
to pull and hold overlying tissue out of the operating field
|
| •Muller's self retaining adjustable haemostatic retractor |
-do-; self retaining haemostatic
|
| •Cat's paw retractor |
-do-
|
| •Desmarre's lid retractor |
-do-; specially for noncooperative patients and to see the fornices (see human eye)
|
| Bone punch |
to fracture pieces from a thin bone in facial surgery and during operations like dacryocystorhinostomy
|
| Evisceration spoon or scoop |
removing all the contents of the eyeball during evisceration (complete removal of all structures within the eye in diseases like endophthalmitis
|
| Lid plate |
flat large instrument that has a groove and is placed between the lid and globe of the eye to provide a solid support for eyelid surgery
|
| Hammer, chisel and bone gouge |
bone cutting and shaping
|
| Bowmen's discission needle |
microsurgery of the lens capsule[3]
|
| Knives |
to cut structures
|
| •Surgical scalpel with small blades |
general purpose instrument
|
| •von Graefe's cataract knife |
cutting out of the anterior chamber from the inside through the limbus
|
| •Tookes' knife (Sclero-corneal splitter) |
making sclerocorneal tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery (SICS)" and keratoplasty
|
| •Crescent knife (Sclero-corneal splitter) |
making sclerocorneal tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery"
|
| •Angular keratome |
making sclerocorneal tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery"; larger one used to increase the size of the incision
|
| •Side-port blade |
making sclerocorneal "side port" (a secondary tunnel) tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery"
|
| •Beer's knife |
incise the conjunctiva or the eyelid skin
|
| •Keratotome |
small triangular blade with two sharp edges used to incise the limbus (sclerocorneal junction)
|
| •Zeigler's knife |
very tiny knife for intaoccular maneuvers specially when space is less
|
| Scissors |
-
|
| •Conjunctival sac scissors |
flat small curved scissors to cut the conjunctive
|
| •Corneal spring scissors |
medium spring-open used to cut the external side of the cornea, fine sutures; iris, etc.
|
| •de' Wecker's iris scissors |
small slender spring-open scissors for intraoccular maneuvers (iris and deeper and more delicate structures); has two wings to operate it and one sharp and one blunt blade.
|
| •Vannas' scissors |
small slender spring-open scissors for intraoccular maneuvers (iris and deeper and more delicate structures); has two wings to operate it and one sharp and one blunt blade.
|
| •Enucleation scissors |
thick scissors used to cut the optic nerve in enucleation operation
|
| Bowman's lacrimal probe |
probing the nasolacrimal duct
|
| Lens expressor |
used to force out the lens in extracapsular or intracapsular cataract extraction
|
| McNamar's spoon |
used to force out the lens in intracapsular cataract extraction
|
| Iris repositor |
two limbed instrument used to remove the iris during posterior chamber maneuvers
|
| Sinsky's hook intraocular lens dialler |
angulated round hook with a handle used in insertion of an intraocular lens
|
| Strabismus hook |
muscle hook or squint hook; sharp tip or knobbed tip; used in squint surgery
|
| Foreign body spud and needle |
Spud to remove superficial and needle for the deep foreign bodies in the eye
|
| Elliot's trephine with handle |
used in corneal donation (eye donation) to cut out the cornea in a circular fashion
|
| Castroveijo's calipers |
various measurements are taken
|
| Castroveijo's corneal trephine |
used in corneal donation (eye donation) to cut out the cornea in a circular fashion
|
| Pin-hole |
testing visual acuity
|
| Red green goggles |
(red - right side & green - left side) used in Worth 4 dot test, diplopia testing
|
| Prisms |
to measure the degree of squints; in other instruments; refractive correction; etc.
|
| Placido's disc |
to assess the condition of the corneal surface
|
| Retinoscope |
objective determination of refractive error and for looking inside the eye
|
| Loupe |
used to search for magnified examination of the anterior segment of the eye (uniocular or binocular)
|
| Jackson's cross cylinder |
used to check the power and axis of a cylindrical lens
|
| Maddox rod |
used to test for latent squint and retinal function
|
| Refraction box |
has lenses of different powers for refraction testing
|
| Slit lamp bio microscope |
used for examining the anteriorly placed structures the eye; video link
|
| Charts for vision |
-
|
| •Distant vision |
to determine visual acuity of distant vision
|
| ••Snellen's distant vision chart |
-do-; for those who can read in English
|
| ••Regional language charts |
-do-; for those who can read in their local language
|
| ••E Chart |
-do-; for those who can not read
|
| ••Landolt's broken ring chart |
-do-; for those who can not read
|
| ••Toys pr picture chart |
-do-; for children
|
| •Near vision |
-do-; to determine visual acuity of near vision
|
| ••Jager's chart |
-do-
|
| ••Printer's types of N series |
-do-
|
| ••Snellen's near chart (1/17th reduction of distant chart) |
-do-; standard chart of alphabets; video link
|
| •Colour vision: |
to test colour vision
|
| ••Ishihara's chart |
to determine the type of colour blindness
|
| Stenopaeic slit |
detection of axis of the cylindrical (astigmatism) power of the eye; glaucoma testing
|
| Implants |
-
|
| •Intraocular lens |
prosthetic lenses implanted after lens (anatomy) removal
|
| •Artificial eyes |
as non-functional cosmetic implants into the eye socket
|
| Blade breaker |
to break disposable blade after use to prevent reuse
|
| Thermo-cautery |
to coagulate blood vessels and prevent haemorrhage
|
| Cryoprobe |
to freeze and extract the lens
|
| Yttrium aluminium garnet laser (YAG laser) |
to correct posterior capsular opacification (specially after removal of a cataract, if required), peripheral iridotomy, retinal surgery, laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratectomy (LASEK)[4] etc.
|
| Electrolysis |
used for permanent hair removal
|
| Electrocautery |
for electrosurgery
|
| Phacoemulsification |
used for extraction of a cataract affected lens after emulsifying it using a high frequency (energy) ultrasound probe [5]
|
