List of Shinto shrines in Taiwan

Taiwan Grand Shrine was the most notable Shinto shrine in Taiwan. It was destroyed by conflagration in 1944 when a cargo plane crashed in its vicinity. Today the Grand Hotel stands in its place.
Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa.
Gaoshi Shrine
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On June 17, 1895[1] (Meiji 28), Taiwan came under the rule of the Empire of Japan. In the following year on December 3, 1896,[2] the first Shinto shrine was created in Taiwan. This was actually an already existing Koxinga Shrine located in Tainan but renamed Kaizan Shrine (開山神社).

Since then, Shinto shrines were built in the major cities between the Meiji and Taishō period, while the majority of Shinto shrines in Taiwan were built from the late 1930s until Japan's defeat in World War II. In total, 204 shrines were built in Taiwan–66 of which were officially sanctioned by the Japanese Empire.[3]

Although many shrines in the exterior territories (外地, gaichi) such as Hokkaidō had enshrined deities (祭神, Saijin) such as the Three Pioneer Kami (開拓三神, Kaitaku Sanjin) which consisted of Ōkunitama no Mikoto (大国魂命), Ōnamuchi no Mikoto (大己貴命) and Sukunahikona no Mikoto (少彦名命); the Sun Goddess Amaterasu; Meiji Emperor etc., in Taiwan, most shrines had Prince Yoshihisa as a Saijin. Prince Yoshihisa was sent to Taiwan to subjugate the anti-Japanese rebellion but fell ill and died from malaria in Tainan in 1895. This fate was so similar to that of the legendary Prince Yamato Takeru that Prince Yoshihisa was made a tutelary deity (鎮護の神, chingo no kami) of Taiwan. In 1901 (Meiji 34), the Taiwan Shrine (later Taiwan Grand Shrine) was built and Prince Yoshihisa along with the Three Pioneer Kami were enshrined. Amaterasu was later included in the shrine. The shrines in Taiwan followed in its lead and Prince Yoshihisa became a Saijin in most shrines throughout Taiwan. Furthermore, in Tainan, the place of Prince Yoshihisa's demise, the Tainan Shrine was built.

After Japan's defeat in World War II, the shrines were either abandoned, destroyed or converted into Chinese Martyr Shrines. In 2015, Gaoshi Shrine was reconstructed and became the first Shinto shrine built in Taiwan after World War II.

List of shrines

Below is a list of Shinto shrines which were built during Japanese colonial rule. The shrines were ranked according to their importance such as Grand Shrine (官幣大社 kokuhei taisha), Small Shrine (国幣小社 Kokuhei Shōsha) and Martyr Shrine (護国神社 gokoku jinja), the last of which was designated by the Governor-General of Taiwan.

Taihoku Prefecture

Shrine name Location Rank Enshrined deity
Taiwan Grand Shrine Taihoku 官大 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Kenkō Shrine [ja; zh]
(建功神社)		 Taihoku 県社 台湾での戦死者・殉職者等
Taiwan Martyr Shrine
(台湾護国神社)		 Taihoku 護国 台湾出身の護国の英霊
Giran Shrine [ja; zh]
(宜蘭神社)		 Giran district 県社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Kiryū Shrine [ja; zh]
(基隆神社)		 Kiryū 県社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu, Ōmononushi no Mikoto, Emperor Sutoku
Taihoku Inari Shrine [ja; zh]
(台北稲荷神社)		 Taihoku 郷社 Ukanomitama no Kami
Zuihō Shrine [ja; zh]
(瑞芳神社)		 Kiron district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Ratō Shrine [ja; zh]
(羅東神社)		 Ratō district Three Pioneer Kami, Emperor Meiji
Shiodome Shrine [ja; zh]
(汐止神社)		 Shichisei district Prince Yoshihisa, Ōnamuchi no Mikoto, Amaterasu, Emperor Meiji, Ukanomitama no Mikoto
Shinshō Shrine [ja; zh]
(新荘神社)		 Shinshō district Prince Yoshihisa, Emperor Meiji, Ukanomitama no Kami
Kaizan Shrine [ja; zh]
(海山神社)		 Kaizan district Prince Yoshihisa, Ōnamuchi no Mikoto, Emperor Meiji
Tansui Shrine [ja; zh]
(淡水神社)		 Tansui district Prince Yoshihisa, Emperor Meiji, Ōmononushi no Mikoto, Emperor Sutoku
Bunzan Shrine [ja; zh]
(文山神社)		 Bunzan district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Emperor Meiji
Suō Shrine [ja; zh]
(蘇澳神社)		 Suō district Prince Yoshihisa, Emperor Meiji
Ōgon Shrine
(黄金神社)		 Kiryū district Ōkuninushi no Mikoto, Kanayamahiko no Mikoto, Sarutahiko no Mikoto
Maruyama Shrine [ja; zh]
(円山水神社)		 Taihoku Prince Yoshihisa

Shinchiku Prefecture

Shrine name Location Rank Enshrined deity
Shinchiku Shrine [ja; zh]
(新竹神社)		 Shinchiku 国小 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Tsūshō Shrine [ja; zh]
(通霄神社)		 Byōritsu district Prince Yoshihisa, Amaterasu
Tōen Shrine [ja; zh]
(桃園神社)		 Tōen district 県社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Toyōke no Ōmikami, Emperor Meiji
Byōritsu Shrine [ja; zh]
(苗栗神社)		 Byōritsu district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Emperor Meiji
Chūreki Shrine [ja; zh]
(中壢神社)		 Chūreki district Prince Yoshihisa, Toyōke no Ōmikami
Tōfun Shrine [ja; zh]
(頭份神社)		 Chikunan district Prince Yoshihisa, Toyōke no Ōmikami, Emperor Meiji
Chikunan Shrine [ja; zh]
(竹南神社)		 Chikunan district Prince Yoshihisa, Ōkunimitama no Mikoto, Toyōke no Ōmikami
Taigo Shrine [ja; zh]
(大湖神社)		 (大湖郡) Prince Yoshihisa, Ōkunimitama no Mikoto, Emperor Meiji
Chikutō Shrine [ja; zh]
(竹東神社)		 Chikutō district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Emperor Meiji

Taichū Prefecture

Shrine name Location Rank Enshrined deity
Taichū Shrine [ja; zh]
(台中神社)		 Taichū 国小 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Shōka Shrine [ja; zh]
(彰化神社)		 Shōka 郷社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Inrin Shrine [ja; zh]
(員林神社)		 Inrin district 郷社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Kiyomizu Shrine [ja; zh]
(清水神社)		 Taikō District 郷社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Toyohara Shrine [ja; zh]
(豊原神社)		 Toyohara district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Tōsei Shrine [ja; zh]
(東勢神社)		 Tōsei district Prince Yoshihisa, Ōnamuchi no Mikoto, Emperor Meiji, Ōyamazumi no Kami, Ōwatatsumi no Kami
Takeyama Shrine [ja; zh]
(竹山神社)		 Chikuzan district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Emperor Meiji
Hokuto Shrine [ja; zh]
(北斗神社)		 Hokuto district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Emperor Meiji
Tanaka Shrine [ja; zh]
(田中神社)		 Inrin district Prince Yoshihisa, Emperor Meiji
Rokō Shrine [ja; zh]
(鹿港神社)		 Shōka district Prince Yoshihisa, Emperor Meiji, Kotoshironushi no Mikoto, Ōwatatsumi no Kami
Hidemizu Shrine [ja; zh]
(秀水神社)		 Shōka district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Emperor Meiji
Nōkō Shrine [ja; zh]
(能高神社)		 Nōkō District Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Nantō Shrine [ja; zh]
(南投神社)		 Nantō district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Gyochi Shrine [ja; zh]
(魚池神社)		 Niitaka district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami

Tainan Prefecture

Shrine name Location Rank Enshrined deity
Tainan Shrine
(台南神社)		 Tainan 官中 Prince Yoshihisa
Kagi Shrine
(嘉義神社)		 Kagi 国小 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Kaizan Shrine
(開山神社)		 Tainan 県社 Tei Seikō (Koxinga)
Hokukō Shrine [ja; zh]
(北港神社)		 Hokukō district
(北港郡)		 郷社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Shinei Shrine [ja; zh]
(新営神社)		 (新営郡) 郷社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Ukanomitama no Mikoto
Gokanseki Shrine [ja; zh]
(五間厝神社)		 Kobi district Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Nansei Shrine [ja; zh]
(南靖神社)		 Kagi district Ōnamuchi no Mikoto, Amaterasu
Arisan Shrine [ja; zh]
(阿里山神社)		 Kagi district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Ōyamazumi no Mikoto, Kagutsuchi no Mikoto, Mizuhanome no Kami, Shinatsuhiko no Mikoto
Hokumon Shrine [ja; zh]
(北門神社)		 Hokumon district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Tōseki Shrine [ja; zh]
(東石神社)		 Tōseki district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Sobun Shine [ja; zh]
(曽文神社)		 Sobun District Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Shinka Shrine [ja; zh]
(新化神社)		 Shinka district Prince Yoshihisa, Amaterasu, Toyōke no Ōmikami, Emperor Meiji
Toroku Shrine [ja; zh]
(斗六神社)		 Toroku district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Rinnai Shrine [ja; zh]
(林内神社)		 Toroku district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Toyōke no Ōmikami

Takao Prefecture

Shrine name Location Rank Enshrined deity
Takao Shrine
(高雄神社)		 Takao 県社 Prince Yoshihisa, Ōmononushi no Mikoto, Emperor Sutoku
Akō Shrine [ja; zh]
(阿緱神社)		 Heitō 県社 Prince Yoshihisa
Okayama Shrine [ja; zh]
(岡山神社)		 Kōzan district 郷社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu, Emperor Meiji
Chōshū Shrine [ja; zh]
(潮州神社)		 Chōshū district 郷社 Prince Yoshihisa, Amaterasu, Toyōke no Ōmikami, Ōkuninushi no Kami
Tōkō Shrine [ja; zh]
(東港神社)		 Tōkō district 郷社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Hōzan Shrine [ja; zh]
(鳳山神社)		 Hōzan district 郷社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Rikō Shrine [ja; zh]
(里港神社)		 Heitō district Prince Yoshihisa, Amaterasu, Mizuhanome no Kami
Katō Shrine [ja; zh]
(佳冬神社)		 Tōkō district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Amaterasu
Kizan Shrine [ja; zh]
(旗山神社)		 Kizan district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami, Emperor Antoku
Kōshun Shrine [ja; zh]
(恒春神社)		 Kōshun district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami

Hōko Prefecture

Shrine name Location Rank Enshrined deity
Hōko Shrine [ja]
(澎湖神社)		 Makō subprefecture
(馬公支庁)		 県社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami

Taitō Prefecture

Shrine name Location Type Enshrined deity
Taitō Shrine [ja; zh]
(台東神社)		 Taitō district 県社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Rirō Shrine [ja; zh]
(里壟社)
Hinan Shrine [ja; zh]
(卑南祠)
Shikano Shrine [ja; zh]
(鹿野神社) 		Shikano district 無格社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Kasowan Shrine [ja; zh]
(加走湾祠)

Karenkō Prefecture

Shrine name Location Rank Enshrined deity
Karenkō Shrine Karen district 県社 Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Yoshino Shrine [ja; zh]
(吉野神社)		 Karen district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Toyota Shrine [ja; zh]
(豊田神社)		 Karen district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Hayashida Shrine [ja; zh]
(林田神社)		 Karen district Prince Yoshihisa, Three Pioneer Kami
Sakuma Shrine [ja; zh]
(佐久間神社)		 Karen district Ōnamuchi no Mikoto, Samata Sakuma
Kotobuki Shrine [ja; zh]
(寿社)

Enshrined deities

Japanese Rōmaji English
鄭成功 Tei Seikō Koxinga
能久親王 Yoshihisa Shinnō Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa
開拓三神 Kaitaku Sanjin Three Pioneer Kami
天照大神 Amaterasu Ōmikami Amaterasu
豊受大神 Toyouke no Ōmikami Toyouke-hime
佐久間 左馬太 SAKUMA, Samata Sakuma Samata
明治天皇 Meiji Tennō Emperor Meiji
崇徳天皇 Sutoku Tennō Emperor Sutoku
安徳天皇 Antoku Tennō Emperor Antoku
  • 大国主神/大国主命/大己貴命 Ōkuninushi no Kami/Mikoto, Ōnamuchi no Mikoto
  • 大物主命 Ōmononushi no Mikoto
  • 倉稲魂神/倉稲魂命 Ukanomitama no Kami/Mikoto
  • 弥都波能売神 Mizuhanome no Kami
  • 金山彦命 Kanayamahiko no Mikoto
  • 猿田彦命 Sarutahiko no Mikoto
  • 大国魂命 Ōkunimitama no Mikoto
  • 大綿津見神 Ōwatatsumi no Kami
  • 事代主命 Kotoshironushi no Mikoto
  • 大山祇神/大山祇命 Ōyamazumi no Kami/Mikoto
  • 火具津智命 Kagutsuchi no Mikoto
  • 科津彦命 Shinatsuhiko no Mikoto

See also

References

  1. ^ Tsai Chin-tang (蔡錦堂) (2001-06-18). "Japanese-era "Dominion Day"". Taiwan History Association (臺灣歷史學會).
  2. ^ 運動休閒歷史事件 (in Chinese). Digital Culture Center, National Dong Hwa University. Archived from the original on 2012-07-07.
  3. ^ 台灣神社 (in Chinese). 中國台灣網. April 6, 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-04-10. Retrieved 2007-04-19.