List of Ediacaran genera

This is a list of all described Ediacaran genera, including the Ediacaran biota. It contains 246 genera.

  • Valid genus
  • Junior synonym
  • Vague status
  • Rejected as valid taxon
Name Authors Year Affinity Validity Notes Country
Affinovendia[1] Sokolov 1984 Reinterpretated as trace fossil Treptichnus lublinensis and Cambrian in age  Russia
Albumares[2][3] Fedonkin 1976 Trilobozoa  Russia
Alienum[4] Liu et al. 2024 Vetulicolia?  China
Amorphia[5] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Anabylia[6] Vodanjuk 1989 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Andiva[7] Fedonkin 2002 Proarticulata  Russia
Anfesta[8] Fedonkin 1984 Trilobozoa  Russia
Annulatubus[9] Calla A. Carbone et al. 2015  Canada
Annulusichnus[10] Zhang 1986 Junior synonym of Gaojiashania, tubular fossil  China
Arborea[11] Glaessner et Wade 1966 Petalonamae Was considered a junior synonym of Charniodiscus, now thought to be a colonial Eumetazoan unrelated to Rangeomorphs[12]  Australia
Archaeaspinus[13] Ivantsov 2007 Proarticulata  Russia
Archaeichnium[14] Glaessner 1963 Tubular conical fossil  Namibia
Archangelia[3][15] Fedonkin 1979 Bilaterally symmetric organism with ovoid shape, and midline axial zone. Junior synonym of Onegia nenoxa (according to Grazhdankin, Ph.D. ms.).[16][17]  Russia
Arimasia[18] Runnegar et al. 2024 Porifera Early sponge, possibly a member of Archaeocyatha  Namibia
Arkarua[19] Gehling 1987 Echinodermata? Has 5-sided symmetry similar to modern echinoderms  Australia
Armillifera[3][20] Fedonkin 1980 Proarticulata  Russia
Arumberia[21] Glaessner et Walter 1975  Australia
Askinica[22] Bekker 1996 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Aspidella[23][24] Billings 1872 Biradial discoid fossil  Canada
Astra[5] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Atakia[25] Palij 1979  Ukraine
Attenborites[26] Droser et al. 2018  Australia
Auroralumina[27] Dunn et al. 2022 Cnidaria  United Kingdom
Ausia[28] Hahn et Pflug 1985  Namibia
Avalofractus[29] Narbonne, Laflamme, Greentree et Trusler 2009 Petalonamae  Canada
Aviculaichnus[30] Grytsenko 2009 Junior synonym of Nenoxites  Ukraine
Baikalina[31][32] Sokolov 1972 Junior synonym of Ernietta  Russia
Barmia[22] Bekker 1996 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Beltanella[33] Sprigg 1947 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Beltanelliformis[34] Menner 1974 Cyanobacterial colony Discoid fossil  Russia
Beltanelloides[31][32] Sokolov 1972 Nomen nudum, synonym of Beltanelliformis  Russia
Beothukis[35] Brasier et Antcliffe 2009 Petalonamae  Canada
Bernashevia[5] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Bessarabia[36] Gureev 1988 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Bilinichnus[15] Fedonkin et Palij 1979 Trace fossil Trace fossil or pseudofossil  Russia
Blackbrookia[37] Boynton et Ford 1995 Rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structure  UK
Bomakellia[38] Fedonkin 1985 Possible junior synonym of Rangea  Russia
Bonata[20][39] Fedonkin 1980  Russia
Brachina[40] Wade 1972  Australia
Bradgatia[37] Boynton et Ford 1995 Petalonamae  UK
Bronicella[41] Zaika-Novatsky 1965 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Buchholzbrunnichnus[42] Germs 1973  Namibia
Bunyerichnus[43] Glaessner 1969 Pseudofossil[44]  Australia
Burykhia[45] Fedonkin, Vickers-Rich, Swalla, Trusler et Hall 2012 Tunicata?  Russia
Calyptrina[46] Sokolov 1965 Annelida? Tubular fossil  Russia
Catellichnus[47] Bekker 1989 Palaeopascichnid  Russia
Catenasphaerophyton[48] Yan et al. 1992 Palaeopascichnid  China
Cephalonega[2] Fedonkin 1976 Proarticulata  Russia
Charnia[49] Ford 1958 Petalonamae  UK
Charniodiscus[49] Ford 1958 Petalonamae  UK
Chondroplon[50] Wade 1971 Probably a junior synonym of Dickinsonia  Australia
Cloudina[51] Germs 1972 Annelida? Tubular fossil  Namibia
Cocardia[5] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Conomedusites[11] Glaessner et Wade 1966 Cnidaria?  Australia
Conotubus[10][52] Zhang et Lin 1986 Tubular fossil  China
Coronacollina[53] Clites, Droser et Gehling 2012 Porifera?  Australia
Corumbella[54] Hahn, Hahn, Leonardos, Pflug et Walde 1982 Tubular fossil  Brazil
Costatubus[55] Selly et al. 2020 Tubular fossil  USA
Cyanorus[56] Ivantsov 2004 Proarticulata  Russia
Cyclomedusa[33] Sprigg 1947 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Dactyloichnus[5] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Dickinsonia[33] Sprigg 1947 Proarticulata  Australia
Ediacaria[33] Sprigg 1947 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Elainabella[57] Stephen M. Rowland and Margarita G. Rodriguez 2014 Viridiplantae? Multicellular alga  USA
Elasenia[58] Fedonkin 1983  Ukraine
Eoandromeda[59] Tang, Yin, Bengtson, Liu, Wang et Gao 2008 Ctenophora?  China
Eocyathispongia[60] Zongjun Yin et al. 2015 Porifera? Small 3 chambered sponge-like organism  China
Eoporpita[40] Wade 1972  Australia
Epibaion[61] Ivantsov 2002 Trace fossil Grazing traces of Proarticulata  Russia
Ernietta[62][63] Pflug 1966 Petalonamae  Namibia
Evmiaksia[8] Fedonkin 1984 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Fedomia[64] Serezhnikova et Ivantsov 2007 Porifera?  Russia
Flavostratum[65] Serezhnikova 2013  Russia
Fractofusus[66][67] Gehling et Narbonne 2007 Petalonamae  Canada
Frondophyllas Bamforth et Narbonne 2009 Petalonamae  Canada
Funisia[68] Droser et Gehling 2008 Tubular fossil  Australia
Finkoella[69] Andrej Martyshyn 2021 F. ucrainica is a Pseudofossil, however F. oblonga is of microbial origin  Ukraine
Ganarake[70] Retallack 2022 Lichen? First interpreted as tubestones, now thought to be earliest preserved remains of a Lichen  USA
Gaojiashania[10][71] Yang, Zhang et Lin 1986 Annelida? Tubular fossil  China
Garania[22] Bekker 1996 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Gehlingia[72] McMenamin 1998  Australia
Gibbavasis[73] Vaziri, Majidifard et Laflamme 2018 Tunicata? Small, oval-shaped form similar to Ausia fenestrata  Iran
Gigarimaneta[74] Taylor et al. 2021 Petalonamae  Canada
Glaessnerina[75] Germs 1973 Junior synonym of Charnia  Australia
Gureevella Menasova 2006  Ukraine
Hadrynichorde Hofmann, O'Brien, et King 2008  Canada
Hagenetta[76] Hahn et Pflug 1988 Junior synonym of Beltanelliformis  Namibia
Hallidaya Wade 1969 Trilobozoa  Australia
Haootia Liu et al. 2014 Cnidaria  Canada
Harlaniella[31][32][77] Sokolov 1972 Vendotaenid Tubular fossil  Ukraine
Hapsidophyllas Bamforth et Narbonne 2009 Petalonamae  Canada
Helicolocellus[78] Wang et al. 2024 Porifera Likely a hexactinellid  China
Hiemalora[79] Fedonkin 1982  Russia
Hylaecullulus[80] Kenchington, Dunn & Wilby 2018 Petalonamae Multifoliate Petalonamid similar to Primocandelabrum and Bradgatia.  UK
Ichnusa Debrenne et Naud 1981 Cnidaria  Italy
Ikaria Evans et al. 2020 Stem-bilateran  Australia
Inaria Gehling 1987  Australia
Inkrylovia Fedonkin 1979 Junior synonym of Onegia  Russia
Intrites[20] Fedonkin 1980 Palaeopascichnid  Russia
Irridinitus[58] Fedonkin 1983 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Ivesheadia[37] Boynton et Ford 1995 Rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structure  UK
Ivovicia[13] Ivantsov 2007 Proarticulata  Russia
Jampolium[36] Gureev 1988 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Kaisalia[8] Fedonkin 1984 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Karakhtia[81] Ivantsov 2004 Proarticulata  Russia
Keretsa[82] Ivantsov 2017  Russia
Khatyspytia[38] Fedonkin 1985  Russia
Kimberella[11][40][83][84] Glaessner & Wade 1966 Mollusca?  Australia
Kimberichnus[85] Ivantsov 2013 Trace fossil Grazing traces of Kimberella  Russia
Komarovia[5] Grytsenko 2016 Not to be confused with Komarovia, extant genus of flowering plant.  Ukraine
Kuibisia[28] Hahn et Pflug 1985  Namibia
Kuckaraukia[86] Razumovskiy, Ivantsov, Novikov et Korochantsev 2015  Russia
Lamonte [87] Meyer, Xiao, Gill, Schiffbauer, Chen, Zhou et Yuan 2014 Trace fossil  China
Lantianella[88] Wan et al. 2016 Putative animal, bears similarities to conulariids  China
Lobodiscus[89] Zhao et al. 2024 Trilobozoa  China
Lomoziella[5] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Lomosovis[58] Fedonkin 1983  Ukraine
Lorenzinites[11] Glaessner et Wade 1966 Junior synonym of Rugoconites  Australia
Lossinia [13] Ivantsov 2007 Proarticulata  Russia
Madigania[90] Sprigg 1949 Not Madigania (Whitley, 1945), replaced by the Spriggia  Australia
Mamsetia[91] McIlroy et al. 2024 Cnidaria  Canada
Margaritiflabellum Ivantsov 2014  Russia
Marywadea[92] Glaessner 1976 Proarticulata  Australia
Mawsonites[11] Glaessner et Wade 1966  Australia
Medusina[90] Sprigg 1949 Not Medusina (Walcott, 1898), replaced by the Medusinites  Australia
Medusinites[11] Glaessner et Wade 1966 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Medvezichnus[38] Fedonkin 1985 Trace fossil Unique specimen of doubtful nature  Russia
Mezenia[93][94] Sokolov 1976  Russia
Mialsemia[38] Fedonkin 1985 Junior synonym of Bomakellia (or Rangea)  Russia
Nadalina Narbonne et Hofmann 1987 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Canada
Namacalathus[95] Grotzinger, Watters, et Knoll 2000  Namibia
Namalia Germs 1968  Namibia
Namamedusium Zessin 2008 Junior synonym of Beltanelliformis  Namibia
Namapoikia Wood, Grotzinger et Dickson 2002  Namibia
Nasepia[75] Germs 1973  Namibia
Nemiana Palij 1976 Junior synonym of Beltanelliformis  Ukraine
Nenoxites Fedonkin 1976  Russia
Nilpenia[96] Droser et al. 2014  Australia
Nimbia[20] Fedonkin 1980  Russia
Noffkarkys[97] Retallack and Broz 2020  Australia
Obamus Dzaugis, Evans, Droser, Gehling et Hughes 2018  Australia
Olgerdina[5] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Onegia[93] Sokolov 1976  Russia
Orbisiana[93] Sokolov 1976 Palaeopascichnid  Russia
Orthogonium[98][99][100] Gürich 1930  Namibia
Otavia[101] Brain et al. 2012 Porifera?  Namibia
Ovatoscutum[11] Glaessner et Wade 1966 Proarticulata  Australia
Palaeopascichnus[102] Palij 1976 Palaeopascichnid  Ukraine
Palaeophragmodictya[103] Gehling et Rigby 1996  Australia
Palaeospinther[104] Menasova 2003  Ukraine
Palaeoplatoda[105] Fedonkin 1979  Russia
Paliella[20] Fedonkin 1980 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Russia
Pambikalbae Jenkins et Nedin 2007  Australia
Papillionata[33] Sprigg 1947 Proarticulata Junior synonym of Dickinsonia  Australia
Paracharnia Sun 1986  China
Paramedusium[98][99][100] Gürich 1933 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Namibia
Paravendia[56] Ivantsov 2004 Proarticulata  Russia
Parvancorina[106] Glaessner 1958  Australia
Parviscopa Hofmann, O'Brien et King 2008  Canada
Pectinifrons[107] Bamforth, Narbonne et Anderson 2008  Canada
Persimedusites Hahn et Pflug 1980  Iran
Petalostoma Pflug 1973 Rejected as valid taxon  Namibia
Phyllozoon Jenkins et Gehlig 1978 Proarticulata  Australia
Piyuania[88] Wan et al. 2016 Putative animal, bears similarities to Cnidaria  China
Planomedusites[32] Sokolov 1972 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Platypholinia[38] Fedonkin 1985  Russia
Plexus[108] Joel, Droser & Gehling 2014 Bilateria Although more studies are needed, it has been identified as bilaterian.  Australia
Podolimirus[58] Fedonkin 1983 Proarticulata  Ukraine
Podoliina Gureev 1988 Junior synonym of Nenoxites  Ukraine
Pollukia Gureev 1987 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Pomoria Fedonkin 1980 Junior synonym of Tribrachidium  Russia
Praecambridium[11] Glaessner et Wade 1966 Proarticulata  Australia
Primocandelabrum Hofmann, O'Brien et King 2008  Canada
Propalaeolina Menasova 2006 Tubular fossil  Ukraine
Protechiurus[109] Glaessner 1979  Namibia
Protodipleurosoma[90] Sprigg 1949 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Protoniobea[90] Sprigg 1949 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Pseudohiemaloraichnus Grytsenko 2009 Junior synonym of Nenoxites  Ukraine
Pseudorhizostomites[90] Sprigg 1949 Problematic biogenic structure  Australia
Pseudorhopilema[90] Sprigg 1949 Junior synonym of Pseudorhizostomites  Australia
Pseudovendia[110] Boynton et Ford 1979 Rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structures  UK
Pteridinium[98] Gürich 1933 Petalonamae  Namibia
Qianchuania[88] Wan et al. 2016 Putative animal, bears similarities to Cnidaria  China
Quaestio[111] Evans et al. 2024  Australia
Ramellina[20] Fedonkin 1980  Russia
Rangea[98][99][100] Gürich 1929 Petalonamae  Namibia
Redkinia Sokolov 1977  Russia
Rugoconites[11] Glaessner et Wade 1966  Australia
Saarina Sokolov 1965 Tubular fossil  Russia
Seirisphaera Chen, Xiao et Yuan 1996 Palaeopascichnid Junior synonym of Orbisiana  China
Sekwia Hofmann 1981 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Canada
Sekwitubulus[9] Calla A. Carbone et al. 2015 Tubular fossil  Canada
Serebrina Istchenko 1983  Ukraine
Shaanxilithes Xing, Yue et Zhang 1984 Junior synonym of Nenoxites  China
Shepshedia[37] Boynton et Ford 1995 Rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structure  UK
Sinotubulites Chen, Chen et Qian 1981 Tubular fossil  China
Skinnera Wade 1969 Trilobozoa  Australia
Skolithos declinatus[38] Fedonkin 1985 Trace fossil  Russia
Solza[81] Ivantsov 2004  Russia
Somatohelix[112] Sappenfield, Droser et Gehling 2011 Tubular fossil  Australia
Spriggia[113] Southcott 1958 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Spriggina[106] Glaessner 1958 Proarticulata  Australia
Staurinidia[38] Fedonkin 1985  Russia
Stellaria[5] Grytsenko 2016 Not to be confused with Stellaria, extant genus of flowering plant.  Ukraine
Streptichnus[114] Jensen et Runnegar 2005 Vendotaenid[115] or Trace fossil  Namibia
Studenicia[116] Gureev 1983 Putative Monocraterion trace fossil  Ukraine
Suzmites Fedonkin 1981 Junior synonym of Onegia[citation needed]  Russia
Swartpuntia[117] Narbonne, Saylor et Grotzinger 1997 Petalonamae  Namibia
Tamga [13] Ivantsov 2007 Proarticulata  Russia
Tateana[90] Sprigg 1949 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Australia
Temnoxa[81] Ivantsov 2004 Mollusca?  Russia
Thectardis[118] Clapham, Narbonne, Gehling, Greentree et Anderson 2004 Porifera?  Canada
Tirasiana[3] Palij 1976 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Trepassia[29] Narbonne, Laflamme, Greentree et Trusler 2009 Petalonamae  Canada
Tribrachidium[119] Glaessner 1959 Trilobozoa  Australia
Triforillonia[120] Gehling, Narbonne et Anderson 2000 Deformed Aspidella  Canada
Uncus[121] Hughes, Evans, Droser 2024 Ecdysozoa Possible stem nematoid  Australia
Vaizitsinia Sokolov et Fedonkin 1981 Junior synonym of Rangea  Russia
Valdainia[58] Fedonkin 1983 Proarticulata  Ukraine
Vaveliksia[58] Fedonkin 1983 Porifera?  Ukraine
Velancorina[62] Pflug 1966  Namibia
Vendella[122] Gureev 1987 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters  Ukraine
Vendia Keller 1969 Proarticulata  Russia
Vendichnus Fedonkin 1979 Possible pseudofossil  Russia
Vendoconularia[123] Ivantsov et Fedonkin 2002 Conulata  Russia
Vendoglossa Seilacher 2007 Junior synonym of Protechiurus[124]  Namibia
Vendomia[2] Keller 1976 Proarticulata Junior synonym of Dickinsonia  Russia
Vendomyces[125] M. B. Burzin 1993 Chytridiomycetes  Russia
Vendotaenia Gnilovskaya 1971 Vendotaenid Tubular fossil  Russia
Ventogyrus Ivantsov et Grazhdankin 1997 Ctenophora?  Russia
Veprina[20] Fedonkin 1980  Russia
Vernanimalcula Chen J. Y 2004  China
Vimenites Fedonkin 1980  Russia
Vinlandia[126] Brasier, Antcliffe et Liu 2012  Canada
Virgatia[5] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Vladimissa[38] Fedonkin 1985  Russia
Wigwamiella Runnegar 1991 Discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters. Regarded as a taphomorph of Aspidella or junior synonym for Pseudorhizostomites[127]  Australia
Windermeria[128] Narbonne 1994 Proarticulata  Canada
Wutubus[129] Chen, Zhou, Xiao, Wang, Guan, Hong et Yuan 2014 Tubular fossil  China
Yangtziramulus[130] Shen, Xiao, Zhou et Yuan 2009  China
Yarnemia[131] Nesov in Chistyakov et al. 1984 Tunicata?  Russia
Yelovichnus[38] Fedonkin 1985 Palaeopascichnid Junior synonym of Palaeopascichnus  Russia
Yorgia[132] Ivantsov 1999 Proarticulata  Russia
Yilingia[133] Xiao et al. 2020 Bilateria  China
Yuria[5] Grytsenko 2016  Ukraine
Zolotytsia[3] Fedonkin 1981  Russia

Notes

  • Mark McMenamin described various taxa from the Clemente Formation in Mexico which are not supported by other researchers and not included in this list.

References

  1. ^ Sokolov, B. S.; Fedonkin, M. A. (1984). "The Vendian as the terminal system of the Proterozoic. Episodes". Episodes. 7 (1): 12–19. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1984/v7i1/004.
  2. ^ a b c Keller, B. M.; Fedonkin, M. A. (1976). "New Records of Fossils in the Valdaian Group of the Precambrian on the Syuz'ma River" (PDF). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSR. Seriya Geologicheskaya (in Russian). 3: 38–44. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27.
  3. ^ a b c d e Fedonkin, M. A. (1981). "Беломорская Биота Венда (докембрийская бесскелетная фауна севера Русской платформы):: Тр. ГИН АН СССР; Вып. 342" [White Sea Vendian Biota (Precambrian non-skeleton fauna of the russian platform north)] (PDF). Proceedings of the Geological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian). 342. Moscow: Nauka: 100.
  4. ^ Liu, Junping; Chen, Ailin; Li, Binglin; Tang, Feng; Zhao, Jiangtai; Chen, Ke (6 October 2024). "Problematic Ediacaran sail-shaped fossils from eastern Yunnan, China". Historical Biology: 1–7. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2403588.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Grytsenko, V. (2016). "A New Discovery of Metazoa Imprints and Ichnofossils in the Vendian Mohyliv Suite from the Bernashivka Quarry" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Museum of Natural History. 2016 (14). Kiev, Ukraine: 23–34. doi:10.15407/vnm.2016.14.023. ISSN 2219-7516.
  6. ^ Vodanjuk, S.A. (1989). "Остатки бесскелетных метазоа из хатыспытской свиты Оленекского поднятия" [The remains of skeletal metazoa from the Khatyspyt suite of the Olenek uplift]. In Sovetov Yu.K., Khomentovsky V.V. (ed.). Поздний докембрий и ранний палеозой Сибири. Актуальные вопросы стратиграфии [Late Precambrian and Early Paleozoic of Siberia. Actual issues of stratigraphy.] (PDF) (in Russian). Novosibirsk: IGiG SO AN SSSR. pp. 61–75.
  7. ^ Fedonkin, M. A. (2002). "Andiva ivantsovi gen. et sp. n. and related carapace-bearing Ediacaran fossils from the Vendian of the Winter Coast, White Sea, Russia". Italian Journal of Zoology. 69 (2): 175–181. doi:10.1080/11250000209356456. S2CID 85352552.
  8. ^ a b c Fedonkin, M. A. (1984). "Promorphology of the Vendian Radialia". In Sokolov, B. S.; Iwanowski, A. B. (eds.). Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Earliest Phanerozoic (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka. pp. 30–58.
  9. ^ a b Calla A. Carbone; Guy M. Narbonne; Francis A. Macdonald; Thomas H. Boag (2015). "New Ediacaran fossils from the uppermost Blueflower Formation, northwest Canada: disentangling biostratigraphy and paleoecology". Journal of Paleontology. 89 (2): 281–291. Bibcode:2015JPal...89..281C. doi:10.1017/jpa.2014.25. S2CID 131344652.
  10. ^ a b c Zhang, L. (1986). "A discovery and preliminary study of the late stage of late Gaojiashan biota from Sinian in Ningqiang County, Shaanxi". Bulletin of the Xi'an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. 13: 67–88.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Glaessner, M.F.; Wade, M. (1966). "The late Precambrian fossils from Ediacara, South Australia" (PDF). Palaeontology. 9 (4): 599–628. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-22.
  12. ^ Dunn, Frances S.; Liu, Alexander G.; Gehling, James G. (2019-05-17). "Anatomical and ontogenetic reassessment of the Ediacaran frond Arborea arborea and its placement within total group Eumetazoa". Palaeontology. 62 (5): 851–865. Bibcode:2019Palgy..62..851D. doi:10.1111/pala.12431. hdl:1983/5677888d-1cd1-4e92-8aa8-57940f30626a. ISSN 0031-0239.
  13. ^ a b c d Ivantsov, A. Yu. (2007). "Small Vendian transversely Articulated fossils". Paleontological Journal. 41 (2): 113–122. doi:10.1134/S0031030107020013. S2CID 86636748.
  14. ^ Glaessner, M. F. (1963). "Zur Kenntnis der Nama-Fossilien Südwest-Afrikas" (PDF). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien. Bd. 66 (1962): 113–120.
  15. ^ a b Paliy, V. M., Posti, E. & Fedonkin, M. A. (1979). "Мягкотелые метазоа и ископаемые следы животных венда и раннего кембрия: In Палеонтология верхнедокембрийских и кембрийских отложений Восточно-Европейской платформы" [Soft-bodied Metazoa and trace fossils of Vendian and Lower Cambrian: In Upper Precambrian and Cambrian Paleontology of East-European Platform] (PDF). БЕЛОМОРСКАЯ БИОТА ВЕЙДА [White Sea Biota Veida] (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka: 49–82.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Grazhdankin, D. (2004). "Patterns of distribution in the Ediacaran biotas: facies versus biogeography and evolution". Paleobiology. 30 (2): 203–221. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0203:PODITE>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 129376371.
  17. ^ Shen, B. (2007). Contributions to the Neoproterozoic Geobiology (PDF) (Ph.D.). Virginia Tech. S2CID 131699809. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-07-13.
  18. ^ Runnegar, Bruce; Gehling, James G.; Jensen, Sören; Saltzman, Matthew R. (October 2024). "Ediacaran paleobiology and biostratigraphy of the Nama Group, Namibia, with emphasis on the erniettomorphs, tubular and trace fossils, and a new sponge, Arimasia germsi n. gen. n. sp". Journal of Paleontology. 98 (S94): 1–59. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.81.
  19. ^ Gehling, J. G. (1987). "Earliest known echinoderm — a new Ediacaran fossil from the Pound Subgroup of South Australia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 11 (4): 337–345. Bibcode:1987Alch...11..337G. doi:10.1080/03115518708619143.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g Fedonkin, M. A. (1980). "Новые представители докембрийских кишечнополостных на севере Русской платформы" [New representatives of Precambrian coelenterates on the north of the Russian Platform]. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal (in Russian). 2: 183–192.
  21. ^ Glaessner, M. F.; Walter, M. R. (1975). "New Precambrian fossils from the Arumbera Sandstone, Northern Territory, Australia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 1 (1): 59–69. Bibcode:1975Alch....1...59G. doi:10.1080/03115517508619480.
  22. ^ a b c Bekker, Yu. R. (1996). "Discovery of the Ediacaran biota in the roof of the Vendian of the southern Ural Mountains. In Regional'naya geologiya i metallogeniya". Regional Geology and Metallogeny. 4: 111–131.
  23. ^ Billings, E. (1872). "On some fossils from the primordial rocks of Newfoundland". The Canadian Naturalist. 2nd Series. 6 (4): 465–479.
  24. ^ Gehling, James G., Narbonne, Guy M. & Anderson, Michael M. (2003). "The first named Ediacaran body fossil, Aspidella terranovica". Palaeontology. 43 (3): 427–456. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2000.00134.x.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ Paliy, V.M. (1979). "Remains of soft-bodied fauna and trace fossils of the Upper Precambrian and Lower Cambrian deposits from Podolia". Paleontologiya I Stratigrafiya Verkhnego Dokembriya I Nizhnego Paleozoya Yugo-zapada Vostochno-Evropeiskoi Platformy [Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Upper Precambrian and Lower Cambrian in Southwestern Areas of the East European Platform] (in Russian). Kiev: Naukova Dumka: 63–76.
  26. ^ Evans, S. D.; Dzaugis, P. W.; Droser, M. L.; Gehling, J. G. (2020). "You can get anything you want from Alice's Restaurant Bed: Exceptional preservation and an unusual fossil assemblage from a newly excavated bed (Ediacara Member, Nilpena, South Australia)". Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. 67 (6): 873–883. Bibcode:2020AuJES..67..873E. doi:10.1080/08120099.2018.1470110.
  27. ^ F. S. Dunn; C. G. Kenchington; L. A. Parry; J. W. Clark; R. S. Kendall; P. R. Wilby (25 July 2022). "A crown-group cnidarian from the Ediacaran of Charnwood Forest, UK". nature.com. Nature, Ecology and Evolution. doi:10.5285/4c2f9f34-184d-43db-97e0-eecb13918375. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  28. ^ a b Hahn, G., Pflug, H. D. (1985). "Eight Polypenartige Organismen aus dem Jung-Präkambrium (Nama-Gruppe) von Namibia". Geologica et Palaeontologica. 19: 1–13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ a b Narbonne, G. M.; Laflamme, M.; Greentree, C.; Trusler, P. (2009). "Reconstructing a Lost World: Ediacaran Rangeomorphs from Spaniard's Bay, Newfoundland". Journal of Paleontology. 83 (4): 503–523. Bibcode:2009JPal...83..503N. doi:10.1666/08-072R1.1. S2CID 129788025.
  30. ^ Grytsenko, V.P. (2009). "Нові знахідки іхнофосилій у Бронницьких Верствах (могилів-подільська серія венду) та палеоекологічні умови подільського морського басейну у Бронницький час*" [New finds of ichnofossils in the Bronnitsa Beds (mohyliv-podolian series of the vendian) and environmental conditions of the podolian sea basin in the Bronnitsa time]. Collection of Scientific Works of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the NAS of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). 2. Ukraine: 30–35. doi:10.30836/igs.2522-9753.2009.147869.
  31. ^ a b c Sokolov, B. S. (1972). Вендский этап в истории Земли. Палеонтология [The Vendian stage in Earth history. Palaeontologia.]. In 24 сес. МГК. Докл. сов. геологов; Пробл. 7 (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka. pp. 114–124.
  32. ^ a b c d Sokolov, B. S. (1972). The Vendian stage in Earth history. Palaeontologia. In International Geological Congress. 24th session. Reports. Vol. S.1. Montreal, Canada. pp. 78–84.
  33. ^ a b c d e Sprigg, R. C. (1947). "Early Cambrian (?) Jellyfishes from the Flinders Ranges, South Australia". Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 71: 212–224.
  34. ^ Keller, B. M.; Menner, V. V.; Stepanov, V. A. & Chumakov, N. M. (1974). "Новые находки Metazoa в вендомии Руссой платформы" [New Finds of Metazoa in the Vendomii of the Russian Platform] (PDF). Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol. (in Russian). 12: 130–134. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-02-07.
  35. ^ Brasier, M. D.; Antcliffe, J. B. (2009). "Evolutionary relationships within the Avalonian Ediacara biota: New insights from laser analysis". Journal of the Geological Society. 166 (2): 363–384. Bibcode:2009JGSoc.166..363B. doi:10.1144/0016-76492008-011. S2CID 128827652.
  36. ^ a b Gureev, Yu. A. (1988). "Non-skeletal Vendian Fauna". In Ryabenko, V.A. (Ed.): Biostratigrafiya I Paleogeograficheskie Rekonstruktsii Dokembriya Ukrainy (in Russian). Kiev: Naukova Dumka: 65–81.
  37. ^ a b c d H. E. Boynton; T. D. Ford (1995). "Ediacaran Fossils from the Precambrian (Charnian Supergroup) of Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire, England". Mercian Geologist. 4 (19): 165–182.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i Fedonkin, M. A. (1985). "Systematic Description of Vendian Metazoa". In Sokolov, B. S.; Iwanowski, A. B. (eds.). Vendian System: Historical–Geological and Paleontological Foundation, Vol. 1: Paleontology (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka. pp. 70–106.
  39. ^ Fedonkin, M. A.; Gehling, J. G.; Grey, K.; Narbonne, G. M.; Vickers-Rich, P. (2007). The Rise of Animals: Evolution and Diversification of the Kingdom Animalia. Vol. 2. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 344. ISBN 978-0-8018-8679-9.
  40. ^ a b c Wade, M. (1972). "Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa and other medusoids from the Precambrian Ediacara fauna, South Australia" (PDF). Palaeontology. 15: 197–225. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-09.
  41. ^ Zaika-Novatsky, V.S. (1965). New problematic imprints from the Upper Precambrian of the Dniester Region. In Vsesoyuznyisimpozium po paleontologii dokembriya i rannego kembriya: Tezi sy dok la dov (All-Union Symposium on Paleontology of the Precambrian and Early Cambrian: Theses have been proved. Novosibirsk: Inst.Geol. Geofiz. Sib. Otd. Akad.: Nauk SSSR. pp. 98–99.
  42. ^ Germs, G.J.B. (1973). "Possible Sprigginid Worm and a New Trace Fossil from the Nama Group, South West Africa". Geology. 1 (2): 69–70. Bibcode:1973Geo.....1...69G. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1973)1<69:PSWAAN>2.0.CO;2.
  43. ^ Glaessner, M.F. (1969). "Trace fossils from the Precambrian and basal Cambrian". Lethaia. 2 (4). Oslo: 369–393. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1969.tb01258.x.
  44. ^ Häntzschel, W. (1975). "Trace fossils and protolematica". In R.C. Moore (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part W: Suplemment 1. Lawrence, Kansas: Geol. Soc. America and Univ. Kansas Press.
  45. ^ Fedonkin, M. A.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Swalla, B. J.; Trusler, P.; Hall, M. (2012). "A new metazoan from the Vendian of the White Sea, Russia, with possible affinities to the ascidians". Paleontological Journal. 46: 1–11. doi:10.1134/S0031030112010042. S2CID 128415270.
  46. ^ Sokolov, B. S. (1965). "Древнейшие отложения раннего кембрия и сабеллитиды. Всесоюзный симпозиум по палеонтологии докембрия и раннего кембрия: Тез. докладов" [The oldest Early Cambrian deposits and sabelliditids. All-Union Symposium on the Paleontology of the Precambrian and early Cambrian: Abstracts] (in Russian). Novosibirsk: Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences: 78–91. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  47. ^ Becker, Yu.R. & Kishka, N.V. (1989). "Открытие эдиакарской биоты на Южном Урале" [The discovery of Ediacaran biota in the Southern Urals]. In T.N. Bogdanova & L.I. Khozatsky (ed.). Теоретические и прикладные аспекты современной палеонтологии. Тезисы докладов XXXIII сессии. Всесоюзного палеонтологического общества [Theoretical and applied aspects of modern paleontology. Proceedings of the XXXIII session of the All-Union Paleontological Society.] (PDF) (in Russian). Leningrad: Nauka. pp. 109–120. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-08. Retrieved 2019-08-08.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  48. ^ Yan, Y.; Jiang, C.; Zhang, S.; Du, S.; and Bi, Z. (1992). "Research of the Sinian System in the region of western Zhejiang, northern Jiangxi, and southern Anhui provinces". Bull. Nanjing Inst. Geol. Mineral Res. Supplementary Issue 12. Chinese Acad. Geol. Sci.: 1–105.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  49. ^ a b Ford, T.D. (1958). "Precambrian fossils from Charnwood Forest". Yorkshire Geological Society Proceedings. 31 (3): 211–217. Bibcode:1958PYGS...31..211F. doi:10.1144/pygs.31.3.211.
  50. ^ Wade, M. (1971). "Bilateral Precambrian chondrophores from the Ediacara fauna, South Australia". Proc R. Soc. Victoria. 84: 183–188.
  51. ^ Germs, G.J.B. (October 1972). "New shelly fossils from Nama Group, South West Africa". American Journal of Science. 272 (8): 752–761. Bibcode:1972AmJS..272..752G. doi:10.2475/ajs.272.8.752.
  52. ^ Cai, Y.; Schiffbauer, J.D.; Hua, H.; Xiao, S. (2011). "Morphology and paleoecology of the late Ediacaran tubular fossil Conotubus hemiannulatus from the Gaojiashan Lagerstätte of southern Shaanxi Province, South China". Precambrian Research. 191 (1–2): 46–57. Bibcode:2011PreR..191...46C. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.09.002.
  53. ^ Erica C. Clites, Mary L. Droser & James G. Gehling (2012). "The advent of hard-part structural support among the Ediacara biota: Ediacaran harbinger of a Cambrian mode of body construction". Geology. 40 (4): 307–310. Bibcode:2012Geo....40..307C. doi:10.1130/G32828.1.
  54. ^ Hahn, G.; Hahn, R.; Leonardos, O.H.; Pflug, H.D.; Walde, D.H.G. (1982). "Kfrperlich erhaltene Scyphozoen-Reste aus dem Jungprekambrium Brasiliens". Geol. Paleontol. 16: 1–18.
  55. ^ Selly, T.; Schiffbauer, J. D.; Jacquet, S. M.; Smith, E. F.; Nelson, L. L.; Andreasen, B. D.; Huntley, J. W.; Strange, M. A.; O’Neil, G. R.; Thater, C. A.; Bykova, N.; Steiner, M.; Yang, B.; Cai, Y. (2020). "A New Cloudinid Fossil Assemblage from the Terminal Ediacaran of Nevada, USA". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (4): 357–379. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1623333. S2CID 199640050.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  56. ^ a b Ivantsov, A. Yu (2004). "New Proarticulata from the Vendian of the Arkhangel'sk Region" (PDF). Paleontological Journal. 38 (3): 247–253. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27.
  57. ^ Stephen M. (2014). Stephen M. Rowland; Margarita G. Rodriguez. (eds.). "A Multicellular Alga With Exceptional Preservation From the Ediacaran of Nevada". Journal of Paleontology. 88 (2): 263–268. Bibcode:2014JPal...88..263R. doi:10.1666/13-075. S2CID 129796477.
  58. ^ a b c d e f Fedonkin, M. A. (1983). "Non-skeletal fauna of Podolia, Dniester River valley". In Velikanov, V. A.; Asseeva, E. A.; Fedonkin, M. A. (eds.). The Vendian of the Ukraine (in Russian). Kiev: Naukova Dumka. pp. 128–139.
  59. ^ Tang, F.; Yin, C.; Bengtson, S.; Liu, P.; Wang Z. and Gao, L. (2008). "Octoradiate Spiral Organisms in the Ediacaran of South China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 82 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2008.tb00321.x. S2CID 128479920.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  60. ^ Yin, Zongjun; Zhu, Maoyan; Davidson, Eric H.; Bottjer, David J.; Zhao, Fangchen; Tafforeau, Paul (9 March 2015). "Sponge grade body fossil with cellular resolution dating 60 Myr before the Cambrian" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (12): E1453–60. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E1453Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.1414577112. PMC 4378401. PMID 25775601.
  61. ^ Ivantsov, A.Y.; Malakhovskaya, Y.E. (2002). "Giant Traces of Vendian Animals" (PDF). Doklady Earth Sciences. 385 (6): 618–622. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-04.
  62. ^ a b Pflug, H.D. (1966). "Neue Fossilreste aus den Nama-Schichten in Südwest-Afrika". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 40 (1–2): 14–25. doi:10.1007/BF02987628. S2CID 129761531.
  63. ^ Elliott, D., Trusler, P., Narbonne, G., Vickers-Rich, P., Morton, N., Hall, M., Hoffmann, K.H., Schneider, G. (2016). "Ernietta from the late Edicaran Nama Group, Namibia". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (6): 1017–1026. Bibcode:2016JPal...90.1017E. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.94. S2CID 132152164.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  64. ^ Serezhnikova, E. A.; Ivantsov, A. Y. (2007), "Fedomia mikhaili—A new spicule-bearing organism of sponge grade from the Vendian (Ediacaran) of the White Sea, Russia", Palaeoworld, 16 (4): 319–324, doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.004
  65. ^ E. A. Serezhnikova (2013). "Attachments of Vendian fossils: Preservation, morphology, morphotypes, and possible morphogenesis". Paleontological Journal. 47 (3): 231–243. doi:10.1134/S0031030113030088. S2CID 85033089.
  66. ^ Anderson, M.M. & Misra, S.B. (1968). "Fossils found in the Pre-Cambrian Conception Group of South-eastern Newfoundland". Nature. 220 (5168): 680–681. Bibcode:1968Natur.220..680A. doi:10.1038/220680a0. S2CID 4170629.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  67. ^ Gehling, J.G. & Narbonne, G.M. (2007). "Spindle-shaped Ediacara fossils from the Mistaken Point assemblage, Avalon Zone, Newfoundland". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 44 (3): 367–387. Bibcode:2007CaJES..44..367G. doi:10.1139/e07-003.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  68. ^ Mary L. Droser & James G. Gehling (2008). "Synchronous Aggregate Growth in an Abundant New Ediacaran Tubular Organism". Science. 319 (5870): 1660–1662. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1660D. doi:10.1126/science.1152595. PMID 18356525. S2CID 23002564.
  69. ^ Martyshyn, Andrej; Uchman, Alfred (2021). "New Ediacaran fossils from the Ukraine, some with a putative tunicate relationship". PalZ. 95 (4): 623–639. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00596-1. S2CID 244957825.
  70. ^ Retallack, Gregory J. (2022). "Early Ediacaran lichen from Death Valley, California, USA". Journal of Palaeosciences. 71 (2): 187–218. doi:10.54991/jop.2022.1841. S2CID 255330797.
  71. ^ Cai, Y.; Hua, H.; Zhang, X. (2013). "Tube construction and life mode of the late Ediacaran tubular fossil Gaojiashania cyclus from the Gaojiashan Lagerstätte". Precambrian Research. 224: 255–267. Bibcode:2013PreR..224..255C. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2012.09.022.
  72. ^ McMenamin M.A.S. (1998). The Garden of Ediacara: Discovering the First Complex Life. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 368. ISBN 9780231105590.
  73. ^ Vaziri, S.H.; Majidifard, M.R. & Laflamme, M. (2018). "Diverse Assemblage of Ediacaran fossils from Central Iran". Scientific Reports. 8 (5060): 5060. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.5060V. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23442-y. PMC 5864923. PMID 29567986.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  74. ^ Taylor, Rod S.; Matthews, Jack J.; Nicholls, Robert; McIlroy, Duncan (2021). "A re-assessment of the taxonomy, palaeobiology and taphonomy of the rangeomorph organism Hapsidophyllas flexibilis from the Ediacaran of Newfoundland, Canada". PalZ. 95 (2): 187–207. doi:10.1007/s12542-020-00537-4. S2CID 232377991.
  75. ^ a b Germs, G. J. B. (1973). "A reinterpretation of Rangea schneiderhoehni and the discovery of a related new fossil from the Nama Group, South West Africa". Lethaia. 6 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1973.tb00870.x.
  76. ^ Hahn, G.; Pflug, H.D. (1988). "Zweischalige Organismen aus dem Jung-Prakambrium (Vendium) von Namibia (SW-Afrika)". Geologica et Palaeontologica. 6: 1–19.
  77. ^ Ivantsov, A.Yu. (2013). "New data on Late Vendian problematic fossils from the genus Harlaniella". Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation. 21 (6): 592–600. Bibcode:2013SGC....21..592I. doi:10.1134/S0869593813060051. S2CID 140579599.
  78. ^ Wang, Xiaopeng; Liu, Alexander G.; Chen, Zhe; Wu, Chengxi; Liu, Yarong; Wan, Bin; Pang, Ke; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai; Xiao, Shuhai (2024). "A late-Ediacaran crown-group sponge animal". Nature. 630 (8018): 905–911. Bibcode:2024Natur.630..905W. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07520-y. PMID 38839967.
  79. ^ Fedonkin, M.A. (1982). "New generic name for the Precambrian coelenterates". Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal (in Russian). 2: 137.
  80. ^ Kenchington, Dunn& Wilby (2018). "Modularity and Overcompensatory Growth in Ediacaran Rangeomorphs Demonstrate Early Adaptations for Coping with Environmental Pressures". Current Biology. 28 (20): 3330–3336.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.036. PMID 30293718. S2CID 52933769.
  81. ^ a b c Ivantsov, A.Y.; Malakhovskaya, Y.E.; Serezhnikova, E.A. (2004). "Some Problematic Fossils from the Vendian of the Southeastern White Sea Region" (PDF). Paleontological Journal. 38 (1): 1–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-04.
  82. ^ Ivantsov, A.Y. (2017). "The most probable Eumetazoa among late Precambrian macrofossils". Invertebrate Zoology. 14 (2): 127–133. doi:10.15298/invertzool.14.2.05.
  83. ^ Fedonkin, M. A. & Waggoner, B. M (1997). "The Late Precambrian fossil Kimberella is a mollusc-like bilaterian organism". Nature. 388 (6645): 868–871. Bibcode:1997Natur.388..868F. doi:10.1038/42242. S2CID 4395089.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  84. ^ Ivantsov, A. Yu. (2010). "Paleontological Evidence for the Supposed Precambrian Occurrence of Mollusks". Paleontological Journal. 44 (12): 1552–1559. doi:10.1134/S0031030110120105. S2CID 86523806.
  85. ^ Andrey Yu. Ivantsov (2013). "Trace Fossils of Precambrian Metazoans "Vendobionta" and "Mollusks"". Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation. 21 (3): 252–264. Bibcode:2013SGC....21..252I. doi:10.1134/S0869593813030039. S2CID 128638405.
  86. ^ A. A. Razumovskiy; A. Yu. Ivantsov; I. A. Novikov; A. V. Korochantsev (2015). "Kuckaraukia multituberculata: A New Vendian Fossil from the Basa Formation of the Asha Group in the South Urals". Paleontological Journal. 49 (5): 449–456. doi:10.1134/S0031030115050111. S2CID 129965088.
  87. ^ Meyer, M.; Xiao, S.; Gill, B. C.; Schiffbauer, J. D.; Chen, Z.; Zhou, C.; Yuan, X. (2014). "Interactions between Ediacaran animals and microbial mats: Insights from Lamonte trevallis, a new trace fossil from the Dengying Formation of South China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 396: 62–74. Bibcode:2014PPP...396...62M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.026.
  88. ^ a b c Wan, Bin; Yuan, Xunlai; Chen, Zhe; Guan, Chengguo; Pang, Ke; Tang, Qing; Xiao, Shuhai (July 2016). "Systematic description of putative animal fossils from the early E diacaran L antian F ormation of S outh C hina". Palaeontology. 59 (4): 515–532. doi:10.1111/pala.12242.
  89. ^ Zhao, M.; Mussini, G.; Li, Y.; Tang, F.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Li, M.; Chen, A. (2024). "A putative triradial macrofossil from the Ediacaran Jiangchuan Biota". iScience. 27 (2): 108823. Bibcode:2024iSci...27j8823Z. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.108823. PMC 10831930. PMID 38303714.
  90. ^ a b c d e f g Sprigg, R. C. (1949). "Early Cambrian "jellyfishes" of Ediacara, South Australia, and Mount John, Kimberley district, Western Australia". Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 73: 72–99.
  91. ^ McIlroy, D.; Pasinetti, G.; Pérez-Pinedo, D.; McKean, C.; Dufour, S. C.; Matthews, J. J.; Menon, L. R.; Nicholls, R.; Taylor, R. S. (September 2024). "The Palaeobiology of Two Crown Group Cnidarians: Haootia quadriformis and Mamsetia manunis gen. et sp. nov. from the Ediacaran of Newfoundland, Canada". Life. 14 (9): 1096. Bibcode:2024Life...14.1096M. doi:10.3390/life14091096. ISSN 2075-1729. PMC 11432848. PMID 39337880.
  92. ^ Glaessner, Martin F. (1976). "A new genus of late Precambrian polychaete worms from South Australia" (PDF). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia. 100 (3): 169–170. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-29.
  93. ^ a b c Sokolov, B. S. (1976). "Organicheskii mir Zemli na puti k fanerozoiskoi differentsiatsii" [Organic World of the Earth on the way to the Phanerozoic differentiation]. Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR (in Russian). 1: 126–143.
  94. ^ Marusin, V. V.; Grazhdankin, D. V.; Maslov, A. V. (2011). "Redkino stage in evolution of Vendian macrophytes". Doklady Earth Sciences. 436 (2): 197–202. Bibcode:2011DokES.436..197M. doi:10.1134/s1028334x11020176. ISSN 1028-334X. S2CID 130597964.
  95. ^ Grotzinger, J.P.; Watters, W.A.; Knoll, A.H. (2000). "Calcified metazoans in thrombolite-stromatolite reefs of the terminal Proterozoic Nama Group, Namibia". Paleobiology. 26 (3): 334–359. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0334:CMITSR>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 52231115.
  96. ^ Mary L. Droser; James G. Gehling; Mary E. Dzaugis; Martin J. Kennedy; Dennis Rice; Michael F. Allen (2014). "A New Ediacaran Fossil with a Novel Sediment Displacive Life Habit". Journal of Paleontology. 88 (1): 145–151. Bibcode:2014JPal...88..145D. doi:10.1666/12-158. S2CID 59608504.
  97. ^ Gregory J. Retallack; Adrian P. Broz (2020). "Arumberia and other Ediacaran fossils from central Australia". Historical Biology. 32: 1755281. doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1755281. S2CID 219432483.
  98. ^ a b c d Gürich, G. (1933), "Die Kuibis-Fossilien der Nama-Formation von Südwestafrika: Nachträge und Zusätze", Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 15 (2–3): 137–154, doi:10.1007/BF03041648, S2CID 130968715
  99. ^ a b c Gürich, G. (1930), "Die bisland ältesten Spuren von Organismen in Südafrika", Campte Rendu XV International Geological Congress, South-Africa (1929), Bd2, Pretoria: 670–680
  100. ^ a b c Gürich, G. (1930), "Über den Kuibisquarzit in Südwestafrika", Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft (in German), 82, Berlim: 637–638
  101. ^ Brain, C. K. ‘Bob’; Prave, Anthony R.; Hoffmann, Karl-Heinz; Fallick, Anthony E.; Botha, Andre; Herd, Donald A.; Sturrock, Craig; Young, Iain; Condon, Daniel J.; Allison, Stuart G. (9 January 2012). "The first animals: ca. 760-million-year-old sponge-like fossils from Namibia". South African Journal of Science. 108 (1/2). doi:10.4102/sajs.v108i1/2.658. hdl:10023/2295.
  102. ^ Palij, V.M. (1976). "Ostatki besskeletnoy fauny i sledy zhiznedeyatel'nosti iz otlozheniy verkhnego dokembriya i nizhnego kembriya Podolii. In Paleontologiya i stratigrafiya verkhnego dokembriya i nizhnego paleozoya yugo-zapada Vostochno-Yevropeyskoy platformy" [Remains of the diskeletal fauna and traces of life activity from the deposits of the Upper Precambrian and the lower Cambrian of Podilia. In Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Upper Precambrian and the Lower Paleozoic of the Southwest of the Eastern European Platform] (in Russian). Kiev: Naukova Dumka: 63–77. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  103. ^ Gehling, J. G.; Rigby, J. K. (1996), "Long expected sponges from the Neoproterozoic Ediacara fauna of South Australia", Journal of Paleontology, 70 (2): 185–195, Bibcode:1996JPal...70..185G, doi:10.1017/S0022336000023283, JSTOR 1306383, S2CID 130802211
  104. ^ Zakrevskaya, Maria; Ivantsov, Andrey. "Upper Vendian macrofossils of Eastern Europe. Middle Dniester area and Volhynia".
  105. ^ Fedonkin, M.A. (1979). "Палеоихнология докембрия и раннего кембрия // Палеонтология докембрия и раннего кембрия" [Paleoichnology of Precambrian and Early Cambrian In Sokolov, B. S. (ed.). Paleontology of Precambrian and Early Cambrian. 285 p., 1976]. Science (in Russian). Leningrad: Nauka: 183–192.
  106. ^ a b Glaessner, Martin F. (1958). "New Fossils from the Base of the Cambrian in South Australia" (PDF). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia. 81: 185–88. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-16.
  107. ^ Bamforth, Emily L.; Narbonne, Guy M.; Anderson, Michael M. (2008), "Growth and Ecology of a Multi-branched Ediacaran Rangeomorph from the Mistaken Point Assemblage, Newfoundland", Journal of Paleontology, 82 (4): 763–777, Bibcode:2008JPal...82..763B, doi:10.1666/07-112.1, S2CID 128922154
  108. ^ Lucas V. Joel, Mary L. Droser and James G. Gehling (2014). "A New Enigmatic, Tubular Organism from the Ediacara Member, Rawnsley Quartzite, South Australia". Journal of Paleontology. 88 (2): 253–262. Bibcode:2014JPal...88..253J. doi:10.1666/13-058. S2CID 131446358.
  109. ^ Glaessner, M. F. (1979). "An echiurid worm from the Late Precambrian". Lethaia. 12 (2): 121–124. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1979.tb00991.x.
  110. ^ H. E. Boynton; T. D. Ford (1979). "Pseudovendia charnwoodensis — A new Precambrian arthropod from Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire". Mercian Geologist. 7: 175–177.
  111. ^ Evans, Scott D.; Hughes, Ian V.; Hughes, Emily B.; Dzaugis, Peter W.; Dzaugis, Matthew P.; Gehling, James G.; García-Bellido, Diego C.; Droser, Mary L. (September 3, 2024). "A new motile animal with implications for the evolution of axial polarity from the Ediacaran of South Australia". Evolution & Development. 26 (6). doi:10.1111/ede.12491 – via CrossRef.
  112. ^ Sappenfield, A.; Droser, M. L.; Gehling, J. G. (2011). "Problematica, Trace Fossils, and Tubes within the Ediacara Member (South Australia): Redefining the Ediacaran Trace Fossil Record One Tube at a Time". Journal of Paleontology. 85 (2): 256–265. Bibcode:2011JPal...85..256S. doi:10.1666/10-068.1. S2CID 129326221.
  113. ^ Southcott, R.V. (1958). "South Australian jellyfish". The South Australian Naturalist. 32: 53–61.
  114. ^ Jensen, S. & Runnegar, B.N. (2005). "A complex trace fossil from the Spitskop Member (terminal Ediacaran–? Lower Cambrian) of Southern Namibia". Geol. Mag. 142 (5): 561–569. Bibcode:2005GeoM..142..561J. doi:10.1017/S0016756805000853. S2CID 128839338.
  115. ^ Ivantsov, A.Y. (2013). "New Data on Late Vendian Problematic Fossils from the Genus Harlaniella". Paleontological Journal. 21 (6): 592–600. Bibcode:2013SGC....21..592I. doi:10.1134/S0869593813060051. S2CID 140579599.
  116. ^ Gureev, Yu.A. (1983). "O novoi forme iskopaemykh sledov iz nizhnebaltiyskikh otlozheniy Podolskogo Pridnestrov'iya" [On a new form of fossil traces from Lower Baltic deposits of Podolian Middle Dniester area]. Paleontol. Sbornik Lvovskogo universitet [Paleontol. Collection of Lviv University] (in Russian). Lvov: Vischa Schkola. pp. 70–73.
  117. ^ Narbonne, G.M.; Saylor, B.Z.; Grotzinger, J.P. (1997). "The Youngest Ediacaran Fossils from Southern Africa". Journal of Paleontology. 71 (6): 953–967. Bibcode:1997JPal...71..953N. doi:10.1017/S0022336000035940. PMID 11541433. S2CID 28211337.
  118. ^ Clapham, M.E.; Narbonne, G.M.; Gehling, J.G.; Greentree, C.; Anderson, M.M. (2004). "Thectardis avalonensis: A New Ediacaran Fossil from the Mistaken Point Biota, Newfoundland" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology. 78 (6): 1031–1036. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.506.5727. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<1031:TAANEF>2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-07-31.
  119. ^ Glaessner, M.F.; Daily, B. (1959). "The geology and Late Precambrian fauna of the Ediacara fossil reserve" (PDF). Records of the South Australian Museum. 13 (3): 369–401. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-17.
  120. ^ Gehling, J. G.; Narbonne, G. M.; Anderson M. M. (2000). "The first named Ediacaran body fossil, Aspidella terranovica". Palaeontology. 43 (3): 427–456. Bibcode:2000Palgy..43..427G. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2000.00134.x.
  121. ^ Hughes, Ian V.; Evans, Scott D.; Droser, Mary L. (18 November 2024). "An Ediacaran bilaterian with an ecdysozoan affinity from South Australia". Current Biology. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.030.
  122. ^ Gureev, Yu. A. (1987). Морфологический анализ и систематика вендиат [Morphological analysis and systematics of the vendian] (in Russian). Kiev: IGN AN USSR. p. 54.
  123. ^ Ivantsov, A. Y.; Fedonkin, M. A. (2002). "Conulariid-like fossil from the Vendian of Russia: a metazoan clade across the Proterozoic/Palaeozoic boundary". Palaeontology. 45 (6): 1119–1129. Bibcode:2002Palgy..45.1219I. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00283.
  124. ^ Ivantsov, A.Yu.; Vickers-Rich, P.; Zakrevskaya, M.A.; Hall, M. (2019). "Conical Thecae of Precambrian Macroorganisms" (Free full text). Paleontological Journal. 53 (11): 1134–1146. doi:10.1134/S0031030119110054. S2CID 212642725.
  125. ^ Butterfield, N. J. (2005). "Probable Proterozoic fungi". Paleobiology. 31 (1): 165–182. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031<0165:PPF>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86332371.
  126. ^ Brasier, M.D.; Antcliffe, J.B.; Liu, A.G. (2012). "The architecture of Ediacaran Fronds". Palaeontology. 55 (5): 503–523. Bibcode:2012Palgy..55.1105B. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01164.x. S2CID 86538017.
  127. ^ Droser, Mary L.; Tarhan, Lidya G.; Evans, Scott D.; Surprenant, Rachel L.; Gehling, James G. (6 August 2020). "Biostratinomy of the Ediacara Member (Rawnsley Quartzite, South Australia): implications for depositional environments, ecology and biology of Ediacara organisms". Interface Focus. 10 (4): 20190100. doi:10.1098/rsfs.2019.0100. PMC 7333909. PMID 32642047.
  128. ^ Narbonne, G. M. (1994). "New Ediacaran fossils from the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada". Journal of Paleontology. 63 (3): 411–416. Bibcode:1994JPal...68..411N. doi:10.1017/S0022336000025816. JSTOR 1306192. S2CID 133215767.
  129. ^ Zhe Chen; Chuanming Zhou; Shuhai Xiao; Wei Wang; Chengguo Guan; Hong Hua; Xunlai Yuan (2014). "New Ediacara fossils preserved in marine limestone and their ecological implications". Scientific Reports. 4: Article number 4180. Bibcode:2014NatSR...4E4180C. doi:10.1038/srep04180. PMC 3933909. PMID 24566959.
  130. ^ Shen, B., Xiao, S., Chuanming, Z. and Yuan, X. (2009). "Yangtziramulus zhangi New Genus and Species, a Carbonate-Hosted Macrofossil from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges Area, South China". Journal of Paleontology. 83 (4): 575–587. Bibcode:2009JPal...83..575S. doi:10.1666/08-042R1.1. S2CID 128556507.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  131. ^ Chistyakov, V.G., Kalmykova, N.A., Nesov, L.A., and Suslov, G.A. (1984). "О наличии вендских отложений в среднем течении р. Онеги и возможном существовании оболочечников (Tunicata: Chordata) в докембрии" [On the Presence of Vendian Deposits in the Middle Course of the Onega River and Presumable Existence of Tunica (Tunicata: Chordata) in Precambrian] (PDF). Vest. Leningrad. Gos. Univ. (LGU) (in Russian). 6: 11–19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-02-07.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  132. ^ Ivantsov, A.Y. (1999). "A New Dickinsonid from the Upper Vendian of the White Sea Winter Coast (Russia, Arkhangelsk Region)". Paleontological Journal. 33 (3): 233–241.
  133. ^ Xiao, Shuhai; Chen, Zhe; Pang, Ke; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai (January 2021). "The Shibantan Lagerstätte: insights into the Proterozoic–Phanerozoic transition". Journal of the Geological Society. 178 (1). doi:10.1144/jgs2020-135. ISSN 0016-7649.

 

Index: pl ar de en es fr it arz nl ja pt ceb sv uk vi war zh ru af ast az bg zh-min-nan bn be ca cs cy da et el eo eu fa gl ko hi hr id he ka la lv lt hu mk ms min no nn ce uz kk ro simple sk sl sr sh fi ta tt th tg azb tr ur zh-yue hy my ace als am an hyw ban bjn map-bms ba be-tarask bcl bpy bar bs br cv nv eml hif fo fy ga gd gu hak ha hsb io ig ilo ia ie os is jv kn ht ku ckb ky mrj lb lij li lmo mai mg ml zh-classical mr xmf mzn cdo mn nap new ne frr oc mhr or as pa pnb ps pms nds crh qu sa sah sco sq scn si sd szl su sw tl shn te bug vec vo wa wuu yi yo diq bat-smg zu lad kbd ang smn ab roa-rup frp arc gn av ay bh bi bo bxr cbk-zam co za dag ary se pdc dv dsb myv ext fur gv gag inh ki glk gan guw xal haw rw kbp pam csb kw km kv koi kg gom ks gcr lo lbe ltg lez nia ln jbo lg mt mi tw mwl mdf mnw nqo fj nah na nds-nl nrm nov om pi pag pap pfl pcd krc kaa ksh rm rue sm sat sc trv stq nso sn cu so srn kab roa-tara tet tpi to chr tum tk tyv udm ug vep fiu-vro vls wo xh zea ty ak bm ch ny ee ff got iu ik kl mad cr pih ami pwn pnt dz rmy rn sg st tn ss ti din chy ts kcg ve
Prefix: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Portal di Ensiklopedia Dunia

Portal : Agama
Agama
Portal : Bahasa
Bahasa
Portal : Biografi
Biografi
Portal : Budaya
Budaya
Portal : Ekonomi
Ekonomi
Portal : Elektronika
Elektronika
Portal : Film
Film
Portal : Filsafat
Filsafat
Portal : Geografi
Geografi
Portal : Indonesia
Indonesia
Portal : Ilmu
Ilmu
Portal : Lingkungan
Lingkungan
Portal : Masyarakat
Masyarakat
Portal : Matematika
Matematika
Portal : Militer
Militer
Portal : Mitologi
Mitologi
Portal : Musik
Musik
Portal : Olahraga
Olahraga
Portal : Pendidikan
Pendidikan
Portal : Politik
Politik
Portal : Sastra
Sastra
Portal : Sejarah
Sejarah
Portal : Seni
Seni
Portal : Teknologi
Teknologi