List of DNA-tested mummies

This is a purported list of ancient humans remains, including mummies, that may have been DNA tested. Provided as evidence of the testing are links to the mitochondrial DNA sequences, and/or to the human haplogroups to which each case has been assigned. Also provided is a brief description of when and where they lived.^[according to whom?] Entries lacking a citation should be viewed with skepticism; in particular, cases with no sequence or haplogroup links, with citation, have no evidentiary basis for appearing.

mtDNA and YDNA tests

The following mummies have undergone mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) and YDNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:

Name	Original Location of Remains	Date Lived (years ago)	Mitochondrial DNA sequence	mtDNA Haplogroup	Y-DNA Haplogroup
Paglicci 23	Italy	28,000[1]	CRS [2]	H^[citation needed]
Paglicci 25	Italy	23,000[3]	7,025 AluI, 00073A, 11719G, 12308A [4]	HV[4]
TAF009 TAF010 TAF011 TAF012 TAF013 TAF014 TAF015	Morocco	15,100-13,900[5] 15,100-13,900[5] 15,100-13,900[5] 15,100-13,900[5] 15,100-13,900[5] 15,100-13,900[5] 15,100-13,900[5]		U6a6b[5] U6a7b[5] U6a7[5] U6a7[5] U6a7b[5] M1b[5] U6a1b[5]	E1b1b1a1b1[5] E1b1b1a1[5] E1b1b1a1[5] N/A[5] E1b1b1a1[5] E1b1b1a1[5] E1b1b[5]
Cheddar Man	England	>9,000^[citation needed]	16192T,^[citation needed] 16270T^[citation needed]	U5b1[6]	I2-L38 (I2a2)[7]
Ötzi the Iceman	Austria/Italy	5,300 [8]		K.[9][10]	G2a2b[11]
Nakht-Ankh	Egypt	4,000[12]		M1a1[12]
Khnum-Nakht	Egypt	4,000[12]		M1a1[12]
Djehutynakht (10A)	Egypt	4,000[13]		U5b2b5[13]
Queen Tiye	Egypt	3,390[14]		K[14]
JK2887	Egypt	3,410-3,333[15]		J2a1a1[15]	N/A[15]
Tutankhamun	Egypt	3,342[14]		K[14]	R1b[14]
Tel Shadud [he] Canaanite Nobelman	Israel	3,300[16]			R1b[16]
Tel Shadud [he] specimen L126	Israel	3,300[16]		Haplogroup I5a1[16]	J[16]
Ramesses III	Egypt	3,200[17]			E1b1a[18]
Pentawer	Egypt	3,200[17]			E1b1a[18]
JK2134	Egypt	2,798-2,591[15]		J1d[15]	J[15]
JK2911	Egypt	2,791-2,582[15]		M1a1[15]	J[15]
Takabuti	Egypt	2,600[19]		H4a1[19]
Young Man of Byrsa	Tunisia	late 6th century BCE		U5b2c1[20]
OM:KMM A 64 YM:KMM A 63	Egypt	2,320[21] 2,300[21]		T2c1a[21] HV[21]
JK2888	Egypt	2,119-2,024[15]		U6a2[15]	E1b1b1a1b2[15]
The Norwich Anglo-Saxon	England	1,000^[citation needed]	16189A,^[citation needed] 16223T,^[citation needed] 16271C,^[citation needed] 16278T^[citation needed]	X^[citation needed]
Juanita the Ice Maiden	Peru	500^[citation needed]	16111T, 16223T, 16290T, 16319A[22]	A^[citation needed]
500-year-old Inca child	Argentina	500[23]		C1b[23]

DNA tests

The following mummies have undergone DNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:^[citation needed]

Name	Original Location of Remains	Date Lived (years ago)	DNA sequence	Y-DNA Haplogroup
Thuya	Egypt	3,390	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]
Yuya	Egypt	3,390	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]
KV35 Younger Lady	Egypt	3,390	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]
Tiye (Elder Lady KV35)	Egypt	3,370	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]
Amenhotep III	Egypt	3,370	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]
KV55 mummy	Egypt	3,350	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]
Tutankhamun	Egypt	3,340	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]
KV21 Mummy A	Egypt	3,340	D13S317, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]
KV21 Mummy B	Egypt	3,340	D13S317, D2S1338, D16S539, CSF1PO [24]
KV62 Fetus 1	Egypt	3,340	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]
KV62 Fetus 2	Egypt	3,340	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

See also

• Ancient DNA
• Cambridge Reference Sequence
• Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
• List of genetic results derived from historical figures
• List of mummies

References

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2. Caramelli, David; Vai, Stefania (July 2008). "A 28,000 Years Old Cro-Magnon mtDNA Sequence Differs from All Potentially Contaminating Modern Sequences". PLoS ONE. 3 (7): e2700. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2700C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002700. PMC 2444030. PMID 18628960.
3. Mallegni, F; Bertoldi, F; Manolis, S.K. (1999). "The Gravettian female human skeleton from Grotta Paglicci, south Italy". HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 50 (2): 127–148.
4. Caramelli, David; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; et al. (May 27, 2003). "Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans". PNAS. 100 (11): 6593–6597. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.6593C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1130343100. PMC 164492. PMID 12743370.
5. van de Loosdrecht; et al. (2018-03-15). "Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations". Science. 360 (6388): 548–552. Bibcode:2018Sci...360..548V. doi:10.1126/science.aar8380. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 29545507.
6. Brace, Selina; et al. (18 February 2018). "Population Replacement in Early Neolithic Britain". bioRxiv 10.1101/267443.
7. Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei; Mittnik, Alissa; Bánffy, Eszter; Economou, Christos; Francken, Michael; Friederich, Susanne; Pena, Rafael Garrido; Hallgren, Fredrik; Khartanovich, Valery; Khokhlov, Aleksandr; Kunst, Michael; Kuznetsov, Pavel; Meller, Harald; Mochalov, Oleg; Moiseyev, Vayacheslav; Nicklisch, Nicole; Pichler, Sandra L.; Risch, Roberto; Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo; Roth, Christina; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Wahl, Joachim; Meyer, Matthias; Krause, Johannes; Brown, Dorcas; Anthony, David; Cooper, Alan; Alt, Kurt Werner; Reich, David (10 February 2015). "Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe". Nature. 522 (7555): 207–211. arXiv:1502.02783. Bibcode:2015Natur.522..207H. bioRxiv 10.1101/013433. doi:10.1038/nature14317. PMC 5048219. PMID 25731166.
8. Bonani, Georges; Ivy, Susan D.; et al. (1994). "AMS ^14
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9. Ermini, Luca; Olivieri, Cristina; et al. (November 11, 2008). "Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tyrolean Iceman". Current Biology. 18 (21): 1687–93. Bibcode:2008CBio...18.1687E. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.028. PMID 18976917. S2CID 13983702.
10. Endicott, Phillip; Sanchez, Juan J; et al. (2009). "Genotyping human ancient mtDNA control and coding region polymorphisms with a multiplexed Single-Base-Extension assay: The singular maternal history of the Tyrolean Iceman". BMC Genetics. 10: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-29. PMC 2717998. PMID 19545382.
11. Keller, Andreas; Graefen, Angela; et al. (February 28, 2012). "New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing". Nature Communications. 3: 698. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3..698K. doi:10.1038/ncomms1701. PMID 22426219.
12. Ancient DNA results end 4,000-year-old Egyptian mummy mystery
13. Loreille, Odile; Ratnayake, Shashikala; Bazinet, Adam L.; Stockwell, Timothy B.; Sommer, Daniel D.; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Johnson, Philip L. F.; Skoglund, Pontus; Onorato, Anthony J.; Bergman, Nicholas H. (March 2018). "Biological Sexing of a 4000-Year-Old Egyptian Mummy Head to Assess the Potential of Nuclear DNA Recovery from the Most Damaged and Limited Forensic Specimens". Genes. 9 (3): 135. doi:10.3390/genes9030135. PMC 5867856. PMID 29494531.
14. Gad, Yehia Z; Hassan, Naglaa Abu-Mandil; Mousa, Dalia M; Fouad, Fayrouz A; El-Sayed, Safaa G; Abdelazeem, Marwa A; Mahdy, Samah M; Othman, Hend Y; Ibrahim, Dina W; Khairat, Rabab; Ismail, Somaia (2020-10-15). "Insights from ancient DNA analysis of Egyptian human mummies: clues to disease and kinship". Human Molecular Genetics. 30 (R1): R24 – R28. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddaa223. ISSN 0964-6906. PMID 33059357.
15. Schuenemann, Verena J.; Peltzer, Alexander; Welte, Beatrix; van Pelt, W. Paul; Molak, Martyna; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Furtwängler, Anja; Urban, Christian; Reiter, Ella; Nieselt, Kay; Teßmann, Barbara (2017-05-30). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 15694. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5459999. PMID 28556824.
16. The Canaanite Nobelman of Tel Shadud - Levantine R1b?
17. "Study reveals that Pharaoh's throat was cut during royal coup" (Press release). BMJ. 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
18. Hawass, Zahi; Ismail, Somaia; Selim, Ashraf; Saleem, Sahar N.; Fathalla, Dina; Wasef, Sally; Gad, Ahmed Z.; Saad, Rama; Fares, Suzan; Amer, Hany; Gostner, Paul; Gad, Yehia Z.; Pusch, Carsten M.; Zink, Albert R. (December 17, 2012). "Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study". BMJ. 345: e8268. doi:10.1136/bmj.e8268. hdl:10072/62081. PMID 23247979. S2CID 206896841. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
19. "Shocking truth behind Takabuti's death revealed". Shocking truth behind Takabuti’s death revealed. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
20. Matisoo-Smith EA, Gosling AL, Boocock J, Kardailsky O, Kurumilian Y, Roudesli-Chebbi S, et al. (May 25, 2016). "A European Mitochondrial Haplotype Identified in Ancient Phoenician Remains from Carthage, North Africa". PLOS ONE. 11 (5): e0155046. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1155046M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155046. PMC 4880306. PMID 27224451.
21. Oras, Ester; Anderson, Jaanika; Tõrv, Mari; Vahur, Signe; Rammo, Riina; Remmer, Sünne; Mölder, Maarja; Malve, Martin; Saag, Lehti; Saage, Ragnar; Teearu-Ojakäär, Anu (2020-01-16). "Multidisciplinary investigation of two Egyptian child mummies curated at the University of Tartu Art Museum, Estonia (Late/Graeco-Roman Periods)". PLOS ONE. 15 (1): e0227446. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1527446O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227446. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6964855. PMID 31945091.
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Further reading

• Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen (August 3, 2005). "Mosaics of ancient mitochondrial DNA: positive indicators of nonauthenticity". European Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (10): 1106–1112. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201476. PMID 16077732.
• The Seven Daughters of Eve by Bryan Sykes.^[clarification needed]^[full citation needed]^[pages needed]

External links

• Famous DNA
• Ancient DNA
• British teacher finds long-lost relative: 9,000-year-old man Archived 2007-03-13 at the Wayback Machine
• Unravelling the mummy mystery - using DNA
• Evidence of the Past: A Map and Status of Ancient Remains