List of Australia tornadoes

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Damage caused by the 1918 Brighton tornado in Victoria

The country of Australia experiences tornadoes 60 times per year. The earliest tornado on record in the country was in 1795.

Climatology and background

A tornado refers to a violently rotating column of air that reaches the ground, which can be among the most destructive of all atmospheric phenomena.[1] In Australia, a tornado is also known as a twister or willy-willy. The earliest recorded tornado in Australia was in 1795. The country experiences about 60 tornadoes per year.[2]

Events

Pre-1900

Tornado event Date Area Tornadoes Casualties Notes Intensity
1795 Sydney tornado 1795 Sydney 1 0 The earliest tornado record in the Bureau of Meteorology archives, it destroyed crops and trees in the early settlement.[3]
Port Phillip tornado 29 January 1837 Central Victoria 1 0 Believed to be the first tornado observed by the colonists of Port Phillip (and in Australia in general). Following a trail of over 60 miles from the heads of Port Phillip to Geelong and as far north as Mount Macedon, it caused much damage and uprooting of trees.[4]
Parramatta tornado 21 December 1841 Parramatta, New South Wales 1 0 Tornado observed west of Sydney that caused damage to churches and schools in Parramatta, destroying homes and uprooting trees.[5]
Murrumbidgee tornado 9 October 1844 Murrumbidgee District, New South Wales 1 0 Part of a larger storm cell which caused extensive flooding. A tornado was observed in Murrumbidgee District near Gundagai, causing extensive damage to forest area.[6]
Devil's river tornado 26 December 1848 Devil's River, Victoria 1 0 fatalities, 3 injured Tornado swept across farmland whilst hurling large hailstones, killing numerous livestock and injuring settlers.[7]
Wee Waa tornado 26 November 1849 Wee Waa, New South Wales 1 0 Huts had their roofs removed; there were trees uprooted.[8]
Campbell's river tornado 5 January 1852 Campbell's River, New South Wales 1 0 This destructive tornado cut a path through farmland and forest, reaching the outskirts of Bathurst, New South Wales.[9][10]
Waratah tornado 16 September 1860 Newcastle region 1 0 Related to storm over Newcastle, this tornado cut a path from Minmi to Hexham and Waratah, throwing wagons through the air and uprooting trees on its way toward the ocean.[9][11]
Chetwynd tornado 1 July 1861 Western Victoria 1 1 reported A large tornado was reported at Chetwynd Station moving along the tributary of the Glenelg River toward Harrow. It carried large objects including trees, poles, and huts to distances from several yards to miles through the air.[12] Two men were reported to have been thrown great distances in the air; one was reported to hit the ground and was dead on impact.[13]
Hamilton tornado 22 October 1861 Western Victoria 1 0 Originating near the South Australian border at Lindsay and passing through Casterton, a tornado cut a path through Hamilton, where it caused extensive damage to buildings before moving east and uprooting trees and taking the roofs off houses. A Scotch church in Hamilton was destroyed, along with another church, and several commercial premises- including two hotels- were leveled, causing A£5000 in damage. No casualties were reported.[14][15]
Maryborough tornado 25 February 1864 North-west Victoria 1 2 fatalities, numerous injuries A tornado cut a swathe from Maryborough to Creswick and Bullarook, north of Ballarat. A father and his son were killed by a tree thrown through the air, and numerous others were injured. The tornado damaged numerous buildings and uprooted trees.[16]
Beechworth tornado 26 October 1865 Beechworth 1 1 Massive damage to Beechworth from tornado, leaving churches and schools demolished, houses without roofs, and objects thrown great distances. A Chinese man died when the hut he was inside had collapsed on him.[17]
Bowen tornado 22 February 1876 Bowen, Queensland 1 1 fatality, numerous injuries A destructive tornado caused severe damage to Bowen. One was killed, and many more were injured (some injuries were serious). The damages amounted to at least A£7,000. Many buildings were severely damaged or destroyed, including the Bowen hospital, where many patients sustained minor injuries.[18] F5
Nhill tornado 19 November 1897 Wimmera region, north western Victoria 1 3 A deadly tornado left a destructive trail across over 250 km of northwestern Victoria. It virtually destroyed the town of Nhill, where A£50,000 of damage was reported. All of the town's churches and many of the houses were destroyed. Extensive damage was also inflicted on the town of Donald, where one person died and a church, a school, and numerous other buildings were demolished. The total damage bill was A£4,000 in that town. At Maryborough, a further 2 deaths were recorded. At Rupanyup, the damage was estimated at A£200.[19][20][21] F4+
Nevertire tornado 29 December 1897 New South Wales 1 Numerous injuries A destructive tornado with a path 14 miles long struck the town of Nevertire, leaving many people injured.[22]

1900s

Tornado event Date Area Tornadoes Casualties Notes Intensity
Narrabri tornado 2 December 1900 New South Wales 1 0 A destructive tornado caused total estimated damage of A£8,000.[23]
Narrabri tornado 6 January 1902 New South Wales 1 1 fatality, numerous injured A second and more destructive tornado at Narrabri destroyed a railway goods shed. Only a few buildings were undamaged. The estimated total damage was A£10,000.[24]
Ballarat tornado 19 August 1909 Victoria 1 1 fatality, >7 injured During a severe flooding event, a tornado touched down in Ballarat, sweeping across the city's northern and eastern suburbs, destroying numerous homes in Ballarat North, Soldiers Hill, Black Hill and Ballarat East. The tornado lifted before touching down again at Eureka, where it destroyed more homes before dissipating.[25][26]
Marong tornado 27 September 1911 Victoria 1 1 fatality, >12 injured This tornado caused severe damage to Marong and Lockwood. This is the first tornado photographed in Australia.[27] F4+
Brighton tornado 2 February 1918 Victoria 3 >2 fatalities, many injuries Known as the 'Brighton Cyclone',[28] these tornadoes hit Brighton, a suburb of Melbourne. At one location two tornado tracks crossed, creating (in the language of the day) a "veritable orgy of destruction".[29] In the few minutes that the storm lasted, two people were killed and many others were injured. Wind speeds were estimated at 320 km/h, making this possibly the most intense tornado to hit a major Australian city.[30] Total estimated damage was A£100,000 – 150,000. F3
Portarlington tornado 9 January 1921 Victoria 2 0 fatalities, >1 injuries A tornado and a waterspout formed in the area of Corio Bay, moving east where it struck Portarlington and St Leonards before dissipating in Port Phillip. The Grand Hotel was damaged, and roofs were removed from a church and several houses. Trees were torn out of the ground, and there were reports of several people being carried up to 40 feet in the air.[31][32]
Geelong tornado 22 July 1926 Victoria 1 1 fatality, 20-30 injured A tornado that originated in the Western District moved east, striking Lismore in South West of Victoria, where there was considerable damage and trees torn out of the ground. Headed east, the tornado cut a swathe through the southwest of Victoria until it reached the populated area of Geelong. It cut a path through the southern suburbs of Highton, where two churches, two halls, and two houses were destroyed among other buildings; Marshall; and Belmont, where a total of seven homes were destroyed.[33] Total estimated damage in Geelong was A£40,000.[34]
Dwellingup tornado 16 April 1954 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities This tornado tore through the Jarrah forest along a 10 km (6.2 mi) path. The tornado was reported to be 200 m (660 ft) wide near Lyalls Mill.[35] F3
Port Macquarie tornado 6 July 1962 New South Wales 1 3 fatalities An intense waterspout reached landfall at Port Macquarie causing widespread damage. 3 men were killed as a house collapsed on them.[36]
Busselton tornado 10 July 1964 Western Australia 1 1 fatality 1 person was killed when his car was pulled off the road by a tornado near Busselton.[37]
Bulahdelah tornado 1 January 1970 New South Wales 1 4 fatalities Believed to be one of the strongest Australian tornadoes,[38] this tornado left a 21 km (13 mi) long and 1–1.6 km (0.62–0.99 mi) wide destruction path through the Bulahdelah State Forest. According to reports, it threw a two-ton tractor 100 m (330 ft) through the air, depositing it upside down. It is estimated that the tornado destroyed over one million trees. [39] Some root systems were ripped out of the ground and tossed through the air, while the ground was deeply trenched and scoured. Officially only rated an F0. F5
Kin Kin tornado 14 August 1971 Queensland 1 3 fatalities Three people were killed at Kin Kin (a small community between Gympie and Noosa).
Brisbane tornado 4 November 1973 Queensland 1, other funnels reported 0 fatalities Believed to be the most destructive Australian tornado, this funnel had a path length of 51 km (32 mi), and peak wind-speeds were estimated to be in excess of 300 km/h (190 mph). 500 houses had their roofs removed, 1,400 more were destroyed, and 500 were declared structurally unsafe. At least one home was partially swept clean from its foundation.[29][40] F3
Port Hedland tornado 17 December 1975 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities A spectacular tornado with a purple funnel was on the ground in front of the weather bureau.[41]
Sandon tornado 13 November 1976 Victoria 3 2 fatalities Two fatalities occurred when a car with occupants inside was thrown by the tornado. This tornado from the outbreak caused $300,000 in damage.[42] F2/F3
Northam tornado 21 December 1977 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities Described as "the most beautiful Australian tornado" due to the colour of the vortex being red from picking up the red-coloured dirt, this tornado made a path 6–7 km long and uprooted several large gum trees.[43]
Drummoyne and Hunters Hill tornado 10 February 1978 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities, 8 injuries During an outbreak of severe thunderstorms in eastern New South Wales affecting Newcastle Sydney and Wollongong, a storm produced a tornado in the Drummoyne and Hunters Hill area of metropolitan Sydney, ripping the roof from a house.[44] The severe weather injured a total of eight across the affected area, causing an estimated A$15 million in damage with a 2011 normalized cost of A$215 million.[45]
Port Macquarie Tornado 13 September 1985 New South Wales 1 – Buildings were destroyed and cars were thrown through the air, causing a total of more than A$3 million in damages.[46]
Elsmore tornadoes 6 November 1989 Elsmore, New South Wales 3 - A destructive tornado damaged up to 25 homes; five were completely destroyed.[47] F3
SE QLD tornadoes 24 December 1989 South East Queensland >1 - A massive supercell with cloud tops as high as 77,000 ft (23 km) tore through Brisbane and parts of Southeast Queensland, producing several tornadoes along its path. A combination of straight line winds and a tornado ripped the roofs from 500 houses, damaged 1000 houses, and left 12 structurally unsafe in the city of Redcliffe (approximately 25 km (16 mi) north of Brisbane).[48]
Chisholm Tornado 1990 Australian Capital Territory 1 0 fatalities, 5 injuries A tornado hit Canberra (a suburb of Chisholm), destroying a wooden church and damaging 37 houses.[49]
SE QLD tornadoes 29 November 1992 Queensland, 2 0 fatalities The tornado at Bucca (west of Bundaberg) is known as the official most intense Australian tornado for its extreme structural damage near Bucca. Hail the size of cricket balls accompanied the storm.[29] A tornado also struck Oakhurst. F4 and F3
Tucabia tornado 1 November 1993 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities, 2 injuries This tornado had a 200m base and was accompanied by golf ball sized hail and lasted for 20 minutes. 8 houses were destroyed while 35 others were damaged. 2 people were injured.[50] F2
Blue Mountains tornado 20 November 1994 New South Wales 1 0 This tornado hit Yellow Rock in the Blue Mountains, causing destruction to multiple houses. Trees were uprooted.[51] F0/F1
Chatswood tornado 20 November 1994 New South Wales 1 0 This tornado hit Chatswood (north of Sydney). Multiple houses were destroyed, and trees were uprooted.[51] F0/F1
Merimbula tornado 16 April 1995 New South Wales 2 0 fatalities, 34 injuries Two funnels were reported with this storm. One tornado ripped through the center of the town of Merimbula in SE New South Wales. 34 people were injured and approximately 200 buildings were damaged (12 were destroyed). Another tornado caused damage at Pambula (which was nearby).[52] F2
New South Wales tornado outbreak 29 September 1996 Central New South Wales 3 confirmed 0 fatalities The largest outbreak of severe thunderstorms ever documented in New South Wales was reported to produce three tornadoes, hail up to 7 cm, and wind gusts to 156 km/h. Over A$92 million insured loss from hail and wind is sustained at Armidale. Total estimated cost for the region is A$340 million.[53] 3 tornadoes were confirmed in the towns of Bundella, Gilgandra, and Elong Elong.[54]
Perth tornado 15 July 1996 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities,
5 injuries		 This short-lived tornado was associated with a cold front. The tornado's speed was estimated to have been 80 km/h (50 mph), and its path was approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) long and 40 m (130 ft) wide. The tornado lasted on the ground for approximately 3 minutes.[55]
Fremantle tornado 25 August 1999 Western Australia 1 0 A tornado went through Fremantle (south of Perth), leaving a 100 m (330 ft) wide, 8–9 km (5.0–5.6 mi) long track. Several people were trapped in an apartment block when the tornado caused the roof to collapse.[56]

2000's

Tornado event Date Area Tornadoes Casualties Notes Intensity
Greystanes tornado 3 November 2000 New South Wales 3 Confirmed 0 fatalities A tornadic thunderstorm moved through the Sydney Metropolitan Area over the afternoon/early evening. Three tornadoes struck several suburbs, including Constitution Hill, Wentworthville, Pendle Hill, and Greystanes. Golf ball-sized hail and widespread downing of trees and overhead power lines were observed during the damage survey as was minor to moderate structural damage.[57] All F0/F1
South coast tornado 26 December 2001 Off the south coast of New South Wales, Australia 1 0 fatalities During the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, the boat Nicorette recorded wind speeds of close to 100 kn (120 mph) and was struck by hail the size of golf balls. According to the boat's meteorologist, the tornado began with a diameter of around 50 m (160 ft), but grew to 500 m (1,600 ft).[58]
South Australia tornado outbreak 18 May 2002 South Australia 2 0 fatalities Two tornadoes associated with a strong cold front occurred in the morning. The first tornado, at 6:15 am (ACST), near Coulta (7 km (4.3 mi) in length), uprooted several trees and damaged others on farmland. The second, at 10 am (ACST), caused a narrow 2 km (1.2 mi) long path of damage through the Adelaide suburbs of Rosslyn Park and Wattle Park. In the evening, another tornado or severe down-burst associated with a hail storm occurred at Two Wells, causing a damage path of less than 500 m (1,600 ft) in length.[59]
Niangala tornado 13 October 2002 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A tornado in Niangala damaged hundreds of trees and destroyed two houses. Nearby, hail up to 6 cm (2.4 in) was recorded at Walcha.[60][61] F2
Bendigo tornado 18 May 2003 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A tornado caused considerable damage within the City of Bendigo, Victoria, damaging around 50 homes.[62][63]
Grampians tornado 4 January 2004 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A tornado caused considerable damage along a wide track within the Grampains National Park in western Victoria. The tornado track was observed from an aircraft about a week later. The tornado tore large trees out of the ground, leaving a bare patch of about 8–10 ha (20–25 acres) without any vegetation at all.[64]
Noble Park tornado 9 June 2004 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A tornado caused considerable damage along a damage path 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) long and from 50–200 m (160–660 ft) wide. More than 70 homes in the Melbourne suburbs of Noble Park and Mulgrave were affected. Winds were estimated to be up to 180 km/h (110 mph).[65] F1
Coonabarabran tornado 20 January 2005 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities This tornado formed at 4:30pm (AEDT) during a severe thunderstorm and ran a path of over 5 km (3.1 mi) towards the southeast, crossing the Oxley Highway, where it uprooted many trees adjacent to the highway and scoured the ground.[66] F1/F2
Broken Hill tornado 6 November 2005 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities This tornado damaged 100 homes, leading to a total damage bill of A$3.8 million.[67]
La Perouse tornado 4 August 2006 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A super cellular waterspout/tornado struck the Sydney suburb of La Perouse. It caused damage to several buildings and brought down powerlines.[68] F1
Leschenault tornado 7 August 2006 Western Australia 1 2 injuries This tornado hit an outer suburb of Bunbury (163 km (101 mi) south of Perth) in the early hours of the morning. It damaged sixty houses, with seven of these completely losing their roofs.[69] The tornado injured two and produced a damage path 200 meters wide and 2 kilometers long.[70] F2
Kakadu tornado 1 March 2007 Northern Territory 1 0 fatalities Severe damage was observed in Kakadu National Park at the Mary River Ranger Station. Two caravans were destroyed, and many eucalypts and ironwoods were uprooted. The Bureau of Meteorology experts estimated the wind speeds to be between 230–270 km/h (140–170 mph).[71] F2/F3
You Yangs landspout 14 May 2007 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A landspoutwas sighted near the You Yangs near Geelong, Victoria. The tornado lasted for several minutes as it traversed across farmland and had an estimated diameter of 50–100 m (160–330 ft). No damage was reported.[72]
Moana tornado 21 May 2007 South Australia 1 0 fatalities Several houses were damaged and trees were blown down or snapped at Moana.[73]
Dunoon tornado 26 October 2007 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A multi-vortex tornado was caught by storm chaser Jimmy Deguara near the town of Lismore,.[74] The tornado blew out the walls of a church and tore the roofs off about 20 residences. A piece of debris hit a power sub-station that exploded, causing 3000 homes to be without power.[75][76]
"Ballarat" tornado 20 December 2007 Ballarat 1 0 fatalities A large but brief tornado, part of a storm complex that affected Castlemaine, was in a rural area north of Ballarat. No damage was reported from this tornado. Footage and photographs were taken by storm chasers.[27][77]
Perth tornado 9 June 2008 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities Confirmed by the Bureau of Meteorology, the tornado swept through the southern suburbs of Perth just after 7.30 (AWST) in the morning and damaged more than 130 homes. Residents from an aged care facility in Cooloongup were evacuated as the roof of an activity room was blown off. The hostel was without power or water.[78]
Nimmitabel tornado 23 December 2008 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A tornado occurred between Nimmitabel and Cooma with severe storms that affected the region.[79]

2010s

Tornado event Date Area Tornadoes Casualties Notes Intensity
Atherton tornado 7 February 2010 Queensland 1 0 fatalities A tornado struck a farm just south of the town of Atherton in Queensland, Australia, causing damage to corn fields and farm equipment.[80]
Lennox Head waterspout/tornado 3 June 2010 New South Wales 2 0 fatalities, multiple injuries A major storm and waterspout/tornado destroyed homes and caused multiple injuries at Lennox Head.[81] Police say a number of homes have been destroyed, some powerlines were down, and several caravans have been overturned. Paramedics say that several people have been injured in the storm, but nobody was missing.[82]
Trawalla tornado 30 July 2010 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A tornado destroyed hundreds of trees and damaged power-lines at Trawalla (near Beaufort).[83]
Penola tornado 31 July 2010 South Australia 1 0 fatalities A tornado ripped through the main street of Penola in southeast South Australia, destroying at least four buildings and damaging many others. No injuries were reported.[84]
Moama tornado 10 August 2010 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A weak tornado was observed in the town of Moama in southern New South Wales, causing some minor damage.[85]
Mackay Tornado 25 December 2010 Queensland 1 0 Fatalities A funnel was sighted lowering down to the ocean, after making a touchdown on the water, it made its way west to the suburb of North Mackay, debris was strewn all across the suburb with considerable damage to roofs and sheds. F1
Whitton tornado 1 February 2011 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A tornado struck the town, destroying a carport and damaging houses and trees.[86]
Yellow Water Billabong tornado 11 February 2011 Northern Territory 1 0 fatalities

Footage of a tornado over Yellow Water Billabong (located in the Kakadu National Park in the Northern Territory) was captured by a tour guide. There were no fatalities or injuries, and damage was limited to vegetation.[87]

Karratha tornado 21 February 2011 Western Australia 4 0 fatalities, 1 injury The Karratha CBD was struck by a tornado, related to Tropical Cyclone Carlos. It reportedly uprooted large trees, tore roofs off of houses, and threw boats into the air. One person was injured by flying glass.[88]
Magpie Valley tornado 20 April 2011 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A weak tornado was observed and photographed close to Ballarat's southeastern rural-urban fringe in the forestry area between Magpie and Sebastopol. No damage or injury was reported.[89]
Canning Vale tornado 20 May 2011 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities Perth, a suburb of Canning Vale, was struck by a tornado, damaging a number of homes and one vehicle.[90][91]
Red Rock tornado 14 June 2011 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A waterspout/tornado removed the roof of at least two buildings, including the Bowling Club, and damaged several others in Red Rock.[92]
Bellbridge tornado 9 November 2011 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A tornado hit the Bellbridge and Bethanga areas near Wodonga. Several homes were severely damaged, some having their roofs removed, and several trees were uprooted.[93]
Bacchus Marsh tornado 25 December 2011 Victoria 2+ 0 fatalities A tornado hit Fiskville (west of Bacchus Marsh), Victoria. A second tornado was reported at Melton from the same storm. Tennis-ball sized hail and flash flooding also occurred with the storms, leaving an estimated damage bill in the millions of Australian dollars.[94]
Bredbo tornado 20 January 2012 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A tornado hit Bredbo in the Snowy Mountains area of New South Wales.[95]
Townsville tornado 20 March 2012 Queensland 1 0 fatalities A tornado caused major structural and tree damage in the suburb of Vincent. Wind speeds were estimated at 160–200 km/h (99–124 mph) from damage analysis. Other suburbs affected were Garbutt, Gulliver, Aitkenvale, and Annandale.[96][97]
Black Range tornado 31 May 2012 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A tornado struck the Black Range (near Stawell), causing minor structural and tree damage.[98]
Perth tornado outbreak 7 June 2012 Western Australia 2-3 0 fatalities Tornadoes struck the Perth suburbs of Dianella and Morley, damaging homes, trees, and power lines. Light Street and Marmion Street in Dianella suffered the worst damage. Winds were measured at 180 km/h (110 mph).[99] A tornado also struck York, 100 km (62 mi) east of Perth.[100] A total of 100 homes and buildings were damaged. F1
Southern Tasmania tornado outbreak 9 November 2012 Tasmania 2+ 0 fatalities Tornadoes were reported on Mount Wellington and Sorell.[101]
Central Queensland tornado outbreak 26–27 January 2013 Queensland >6 >20 injured Several tornadoes struck the Bundaberg region of Central Queensland on 26 January, associated with the remnants of Cyclone Oswald. The first struck Bargara at 1.00pm (AEST), tearing roofs from buildings, and injuring at least six people. Burnett Heads was struck by three separate tornadoes, at 3.15pm, 6.05pm, and 6.30pm. Another tornado crossed the coast at Coonar.[102] A sixth tornado occurred at Burrum Heads on 27 January. There were unconfirmed reports of a tornado at Bribie Island.[103] F1
Ballarat tornado 31 January 2013 Ballarat, Victoria 1 0 A small tornado swept through parts of Ballarat. Starting in Ballarat North, where it caused the most damage, it rounded Black Hill, briefly crossing the CBD before sweeping across Ballarat East and continuing to Eureka in the east of the city. The tornado caused extensive and localized minor damage to houses and buildings, tearing away roofs, fences, and garages, smashing windows, uprooting trees, destroying chimneys, cutting power to parts of the CBD, and deactivating traffic lights. Wind gusts of over 80 km/h (50 mph) were recorded.[104][105][106][107] F1
Sydney-Illawarra Tornado Outbreak 23–24 February 2013 New South Wales 8 0 A tornado with winds of up to 135 km/h (84 mph) was observed in Sydney's inner east causing extensive damage at Kirribilli. Damage was also observed at Chifley, Malabar and Randwick. The damage was most severe at Kirribilli, where it removed roofs from houses, uprooted trees, and damaged the Westpac bank and the Sydney Flying Squadron.[108] Several tornadoes struck the Illawarra region south of Sydney, New South Wales. Tornadoes occurred at Kiama, Seven Mile Beach to Nowra (with wind speeds of up to 200 km/h (120 mph)),[109] Jamberoo, and Albion Park Rail.[110] The tornado at Kiama caused significant damage to homes.[111] Post-event analysis confirmed 8 tornadoes, with 2 rated F0, 5 at F1 and 1 rated as F2.[112] 2 F0's, 5 F1, 1 F2
Eastern Victoria tornado outbreak 21 March 2013 North-eastern Victoria and southern New South Wales 7 >20 injured A total of 7 tornadoes touched down, one tornado struck the towns of Koonoomoo, Cobram, Barooga, Mulwala, Yarrawonga, and Bundalong.[113] A second tornado from the same storm was reported at Rutherglen between 6:50-8:30pm (AEDT). A tornado struck the towns of Tamleugh, Euroa and Swanpool.[114][115][116] Twenty people sustained injuries requiring hospitalisation, with one in a serious condition and two in a critical but stable condition.[117] Roofs were ripped off homes, caravans upturned, the Barooga Post Office was heavily damaged and a petrol station was damaged at Euroa.[115][118] The initial tornado, which caused most of its devastation in Mulwala, is believed to have been the most powerful tornado to have ever hit Victoria, with an unofficial rating of F4 or higher. The tornado was only rated an F3 however. Further tornadoes touched down near Kerang, Benalla, and two near Mansfield.[119] F0, F1, F3, F4 (Unofficially)
Ararat tornado 22 October 2013 Ararat, Victoria 1 0 A large storm cell over much of the state spawned what were likely short-lived tornadoes in Ararat and Barnawartha in the state's north. In Ararat, a storage building was completely destroyed; several other buildings were damaged, including a hardware store; and numerous homes sustained damage to roofs. Several trees were snapped or uprooted and sheds and fences were levelled in a 500-metre damage path, mainly along McLellan Street.[120][121] The Bureau of Meteorology described the phenomenon as "either tornadoes or microbursts."[122] F1
Hornsby CBD tornado

(The Hornado)

18 November 2013 Hornsby, New South Wales 1 0 fatalities, 12 injured Twelve people were injured by a tornado that struck the CBD area of Hornsby, New South Wales in northwestern Sydney.[123] The Bureau of Meteorology confirmed the tornado event and they believe that it may have started as a waterspout that was sighted at offshore Manly at 2:15pm, weakening overland before intensifying and forming a tornado over Hornsby CBD at 2:46pm.[124] Car dashcam footage captured the tornado as it crossed George Street from the Westfield Hornsby shopping centre across to the railway station.[125] Locals dubbed the event 'The Hornado'. F1
New England tornadoes 23 November 2013 New South Wales 6 0 Up to four tornadoes were suspected to have touched down in the New England region. One tornado had a 100–200 m (330–660 ft) wide path and estimated winds of 160 km/h (99 mph) near Tenterden, New South Wales. It destroyed a home, caused extensive damage to property, and uprooted trees. Storm chasers captured photographs and video footage of the tornado as it touched down from a wall cloud near BenLomond.[126][127][128] Six tornadoes of F0 to F1 intensity were confirmed.[112] F0/F1
Pakenham tornado 14 June 2014 Victoria 1 0 A tornado was filmed as it roped out at Pakenham (south east of Melbourne) at around midday on Saturday, 14 June 2014.[129] F0
Perth Metro Tornadoes 14 July 2014 Western Australia 2-4 2 fatalities As many as four tornadoes impacted the metropolitan area around Perth. A confirmed tornado caused significant damage to properties in Hilton and O'Connor, removing entire sections of roof structures to family homes, snapping wooden power poles, and downing trees. Another tornado was confirmed to have damaged homes and downed trees in Claremont. A third tornado is suspected to have been the cause of damage in Beeliar. Further south at Yallingup it is suspected that fourth tornado is responsible for damage, including downed trees.[130] Two men with muscular dystrophy died in Beaconsfield when the power was cut to the home they shared as they slept. Their life support relied on electricity to function, therefore it stopped working during the power outage, leaving the men to die.[131] F2
Forrestfield tornado 7 September 2014 Western Australia 1 0 It was reported that the Bureau of Meteorology thought it was likely that a tornado had caused damage in Forrestfield.[132] Later, the Bureau concluded, "Given the damage path, it is likely that a tornado moved through Forrestfield (suburb, southeast of Perth)."[133] The damage to Forrestfield included fallen trees, damaged roofs, and downed light poles.[134] F0
Round Hill tornado 28 July 2014 Tasmania 1 0 A tornado destroyed trees and extensively damaged homes and businesses at Round Hill near Burnie, around 5.45 pm (AEST).[135] Pictures show tree trunks snapped off meters from the ground and buildings with roof structures completely removed, some with masonry walls beginning to crumble.[136] A single dark, grainy photo of the tornado was shared with local media.[137] F1
Gol Gol tornado 22 November 2014 New South Wales and Victoria 1 0 A tornado carved a path of destruction north of Gol Gol at around 5:00 pm on Saturday 22 November 2014.[138] Affecting over 100 rural properties, the tornado caused over $12 million of damage. Crop damage included over 1000 hectares of table and wine grapes, 790 hectares of citrus, and combined 40 hectares of eggplants, capsicums and melons. The Bureau of Meteorology concluded a tornado spawned by a supercell thunderstorm had left a band of damage from Yelta, Victoria to north of Gol Gol in southwest New South Wales. The damage path was estimated at 20 kilometers in length and possibly up to 2 km wide, along which the tornado had uprooted and snapped trees, damaged vineyards, and ripped roofs off of houses and sheds.[139] F1
Bombala tornado 24 January 2015 New South Wales 1 0 A tornado impacted the New South Wales town of Bombala on Saturday, 24 January 2015, leaving damage to roofs, sheds, and scattering debris across the town.[140] It was witnessed by locals and filmed by one.[141] F0
Creswick tornado 13 February 2015 Victoria 1 0 A tornado was filmed northwest of Creswick, Victoria.[142] F0
Pokolbin tornado 15 February 2015 Hunter Valley, New South Wales 1 0 A tornado left a trail of destruction through a Pokolbin winery. First noticed at 3.30 pm, it went on to destroy a shed and around 150 vines.[143] The tornado was filmed by a witness as it progressed.[144] F0
Shepparton tornado 23 February 2015 Victoria 1 0 A tornado was reported west of the Victorian town of Shepparton.[145] F0
Daylesford tornado 28 February 2015 Victoria 1 0 A tornado tore from Eganstown to Daylesford downing hundreds of trees along a 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) path approximately 150 metres (490 ft) wide.[146] F1
Karratha tornado 1 May 2015 Western Australia 0 A tornado, associated with the rainbands of TC Quang, was filmed near Karratha. (The video was supplied to the Bureau of Meteorology, so it is not publicly available.)[147] F0
Grafton tornado 13 June 2015 New South Wales 1 0 A tornado was photographed near Fisher Park in Grafton at around 2.00 pm AEST on Saturday, 13 June 2015.[148] F0
Quambone tornado 11 July 2015 New South Wales 1 0 A tornado impacted the areas of Quambone, Gulargambone, and Armatree on 11 July 2015.[149] The tornado had a width of about 100–200 metres (330–660 ft).[150] A family's homestead on the Gulargambone property "Eureka" had its roof structure removed and its exterior walls began to disintegrate[151] F2
Burrumbuttock tornado 11 July 2015 New South Wales 1 0 A tornado damaged homes at Burrumbuttock. It was photographed by a resident after it had impacted their home.[152] F0
Lake Hume tornado-waterspout 24 July 2015 Victoria 1 0 A waterspout was filmed on Lake Hume as a tornadic thunderstorm passed over the lake.[153] F0
West Ulverstone tornado 10 August 2015 Tasmania 1 0 A small but damaging tornado went through the northwest Tasmanian town of Ulverstone on the evening of 10 August 2015.[154] Roofs were ripped from houses, the local Lions club, and a strip mall and trees were brought down.[155] F0
Dubbo tornado 24 August 2015 New South Wales 1 0 On the evening of 24 August 2015 a tornado impacted the semi rural suburbs east of Dubbo, NSW. As it progressed it was filmed across its approximately 15 minute life span.[156][157][158] The tornado touched down near Mugga Hill, damaging homes on Acacia Road, Whitehwood Road, Pinedale Road, and Debeuafort Drive.[159] The tornado rolled a truck and completely destroyed sheds.[160] F1
Usher tornado 29 August 2015 Western Australia 1 0 A weak tornado was filmed on 29 August 2015 as it impacted the Bunbury suburb of Usher.[161] It left a narrow swathe of damage around 700 metres (2,300 ft) long, occurring at about 1.00 pm AWST.[162] F0
Cranbrook tornado 10 September 2015 Western Australia 1 0 A small tornado passed through the Shire of Cranbrook on 10 September 2015.[163] The tornado was associated with the passage of a cold front. The Bureau of Meteorology commented that the damage observed was consistent with the passage of a tornado on the leading edge of the front.[164] F0
Upper Caboolture tornado 29 September 2015 Queensland 1 0 A funnel cloud was photographed at Upper Caboolture on 29 September 2015.[165] Separate footage shows dust being blown up by the circulation, while damage was reported to a roof and a trampoline was tossed.[166] F0
Darling Downs, tornadoes 14 October 2015 Queensland 2 0 Weak tornadoes were photographed at Highfields and Dalby in Queensland's Darling Downs.[167] F0
Bundella tornado 22 October 2015 New South Wales 1 0 A tornado was photographed at Bundella in the North West Slopes and Plains Forecast District of New South Wales.[168] F0
Merrywinebone tornado 27 October 2015 New South Wales 1 0 A tornado was observed and photographed at Merrywinebone, New South Wales.[169] F0
Echuca tornado 31 October 2015 Victoria 1 0 A photo of a funnel cloud associated with a left-moving storm causing multiple reports of severe phenomena west of Echuca was supplied to the Bureau of Meteorology.[170] F0
Northern Victoria tornado 1 November 2015 Nathalia, Strathmerton, Torrumburry, and Cobram, Victoria 1 0 A significant tornado left a damage path approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) long, with damage reports in Nathalia, Strathmerton, Torrumburry, and Cobram.[171] The Bureau of Meteorology noted that the tornado filmed "corresponds to the inflexion point of the squall line on RADAR. Storms developed into a squall line over northern Victoria/Southern NSW which moved into the NE during the afternoon with multiple reports of wind damage. Doppler RADAR showed winds up to 130km/h at 3500ft along back edge of squall line" in the tornado record for this event.[172] Homes were stripped of their roofs and some were designated as uninhabitable.[173] At Torrumburry, a tornado brought down trees and ripped the tin roofing from a house, tearing away the battens to which it was attached.[174] The tornado was filmed as it tore through Nathalia.[175] F2
Monarto Tornado 4 November 2015 South Australia 1 0 A tornado was identified in the Monarto area near Murray Bridge. No damage was reported.[176] F0
Melbourne Tornado 5 November 2015 Victoria 1 0 On the afternoon of Thursday, 5 November 2015, there were multiple reports of funnel clouds in the Greater Melbourne area. A storm spotter reported seeing two separate funnels touch down.[177] A representative of the Bureau of Meteorology said the tornado struck Melbourne's outer northern suburbs of Tullamarine, Craigieburn, Campbellfield between 1:30 and 2:00 pm AEDT .[178] The tornado was photographed near Melbourne Airport, Tullamarine.[179] F0
KCGM Super Pit Tornado 4 December 2015 Kalgoorlie-Boulder, Western Australia 1 4 injuries At about 3:30 pm, "tornado-like conditions" swept through KCGM's mobile fleet maintenance workshops, causing major structural damage and cutting power, communication, and water services.[180] The Bureau of Meteorology noted that "Kalgoorlie Doppler Radar image at 0725 UTC (1525 AWST) showed a pixel which had an inbound velocity of around 110 km/h at a height of ~487 metres above the ground (aliased: 22.5 m/s outbound)" in the tornado record for this event.[181] F0
Kurnell Tornado 16 December 2015 New South Wales 1 3 injuries A single tornado started in southern Sydney with moderate destruction at Kurnell. Houses were destroyed, a roof was thrown 100 metres (330 ft), and multiple large trucks were overturned. The tornado headed out to sea and landed again at Bondi. The peak power approximately 2 km out to sea. 213 kilometres per hour (132 mph) winds were reported. These are possibly the most powerful winds recorded in New South Wales.[182][183][184] In early 2016, the Insurance Council of Australia reported they had received 4282 claims with total insured losses of A$202 million from the tornado.[185] F2
Bathurst Tornado 16 December 2015 New South Wales 1 0 A single tornado was filmed[186] and photographed[187] in the Bathurst region. F0
Bowenville Tornado 23 December 2015 Queensland 1 0 A tornado snapped at least 47 power poles, tore roofs from houses, downed trees, and damaged crops as it smashed parts of the Darling Downs.[188] The tornado struck at about 7.30pm on Wednesday, 23 December 2015.[189] Although the supercell thunderstorm and tornado produced significant damage, no injuries were reported.[190] F1
Mid North and Flinders Ranges Tornado Outbreak 28 September 2016 South Australia 7 0 On the afternoon of 28 September 2016, supercell thunderstorms developed across the Mid North and Flinders Ranges region with seven confirmed tornadoes. At approximately 2:50pm, there were reports, including photographic confirmation, of a tornado near Port Broughton. At approximately 3:30pm, there was damage consistent with a tornado at Crystal Brook, with significant damage to sheds and sporting facilities. From approximately 3:35-3:50pm, a tornado (F2) tracked 19 kilometres (12 mi) from the northwest of Blyth to the southeast, passing through the western edge of the town, leading to significant damage to a number of houses and the church. Two high-voltage power transmission towers were also downed. From 3:35-4:00pm, a tornado (F2) began near Survey Road, south of Melrose, then tracked for 23 kilometres (14 mi) across farmland to the southeast, affecting native vegetation and farm equipment. From 3:45-4:05pm a tornado (F2) tracked approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the southern portion of Wilmington township, across farmland, to north of Booleroo Centre. Significant damage to sheds and farm equipment as well as the Wilmington Caravan Park was observed. At least one caravan was overturned and five high-voltage power transmission towers were downed. At approximately 4:00pm, two further tornadoes occurred at Andrews (north of Clare) and south of Mintaro (F1). The Andrews tornado also impacted a farm leading to damage to farm equipment.[191][192] The Wilmington and Blyth tornadoes impacted on three separate high-voltage power lines, two southeast of Wilmington and one southeast of Blyth, causing multiple transmission tower failures, initiating a series of events on the power network that lead to a statewide blackout across South Australia.[193] F2 & F1
Broken Hill Tornado 11 November 2016 New South Wales 1 0 A tornado hit Broken Hill during major thunder storm. The only report of damage was a roof being ripped off of a home. F0
Bentleigh Tornado 19 February 2017 Victoria 1 0 A tornado confirmed by Bureau of Meteorology formed during a storm, touching the ground at Bentleigh East, causing tiles to be removed from roofs. The funnel was photographed and observed by some to be "the width of a house."[194]
Brisbane Airport Tornado 17 March 2017 Brisbane, Queensland 3 0 This tornado (described by the media as a 'dust devil'), which was associated with a storm cell, was filmed crossing Brisbane Airport runways by witnesses, airport cameras, and a farm machinery operator filmed inside the eye. In the same storm cell, two waterspouts were filmed in Moreton Bay. Meteorologists confirmed a tornado, but no major damage occurred.[195]
Scarborough Waterspout 22 July 2017 Western Australia Waterspout 0 A waterspout reported in Scarborough. made landfall with minor destruction.[citation needed] F0
Perth Tornado 31 July 2017 Western Australia 1 0 The passage of a strong cold front produced a tornado in the Perth's north in the morning on 31 July 2017. The tornado moved through northern suburbs of Sorrento, Duncraig, Warwick, Hamersley and Balga, causing trees down and building damage. F0
River Heads Tornado 1 October 2017 Bundaberg, Queensland 1 0 Tornado filmed at River Heads on Fraser Coast near Bundaberg left a 500 metres (1,600 ft) path of destruction, demolishing a house and a few sheds, uprooting trees, and causing significant damage to fences and roads. The cell moved at more than 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph) according to meteorology reports.[196]
Darling Downs Tornado 26 December 2017 Kingaroy, Queensland 1 0 A destructive tornado associated with a supercell tore roofs of homes in several towns across the Darling Downs on Boxing Day.[197]
Tansey and Coolabunia Tornadoes 12 October 2018 Tansey and Coolabunia, Queensland 2 Several injured, at least 3 hospitalised Two tornadoes and large hail associated with a destructive super cell hit the towns of Tansey and Coolabunia in south-east Queensland at approximately 3pm on 12 October 2018. The tornadoes ripped roofs off houses, destroyed crops, uprooted trees and injured several people with at least 3 being hospitalised.[198][199]
Axe Creek Tornado 29 June 2019 Victoria 1 1 injured A strong tornado associated with a cold front destroyed a single-story double-brick house in Axe Creek at approximately 4:30pm. An occupant of the house received a minor injury.[200][201] F2
Peechelba Tornado 6 September 2019 Victoria 1 Many livestock killed A tornado caused property damage and loss of livestock at the town of Peechelba in Northern Victoria.[202][203] F1

2020s

Tornado event Date Area Tornadoes Casualties Notes Intensity
Waurn Ponds Tornado 20 May 2020 Victoria 1 1 injured A tornado passed through Waurn Ponds, Grovedale, Mount Duneed and Armstrong Creek on 20 May 2020, damaging at least 60 homes.[204][205] F1
Horsham Tornado 7 December 2020 Victoria 1 0 Northern parts of Horsham were impacted by a tornado, damaging 70 houses.[206][207] F1
Chester Hill Tornado 20 March 2021 New South Wales 1 0 In Chester Hill, a suburb in western Sydney, a small tornado damaged homes and toppled trees, leaving thousands without electricity.[208] F1
Bathurst Tornado 30 September 2021 New South Wales 1 3 injured A tornado formed from a huge front which travelled across Eastern Australia. This tornado formed in Bathurst just after 2:00PM from a dangerous supercell created from the front. The tornado travelled 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Clear Creek to Meadow Flat, and caused 11 homes to be damaged or destroyed.[209] EF3
Armidale Tornado 14 October 2021 New South Wales 1 unknown A tornado that formed after a strong supercell crossed over Armidale caused considerable damage to houses, as well as overturned cars and uprooted some trees. This storm has left many without power.[210] F2
Blue Haven Tornado 7 December 2021 New South Wales 1 unknown A tornado that crossed Doyalson Link Road, picking up debris along its path.[211] F1
Bombala Tornado 15 January 2022 New South Wales 1 0 Fatalities A tornado touched down in the town of Bombala. Roofs and sheds were damaged with scattered debris across the town, witnessed by many locals and filmed by one. The tornado left a trail of destruction through a Pokolbin winery.[212] F2
Gold Coast Tornado 25 December 2023 Queensland 2 1 Fatality[213] A tornado passed through the Scenic Rim, parts of the southern Logan Shire and northern Gold Coast. A woman was killed when a tree fell on her car in Helensvale.[214] It reached wind speeds of over 200 km/h (124 mp/h), classifying it as an EF2 tornado. Almost all mature aged trees were uprooted and many houses were destroyed on the Northern Gold Coast. At the Helensvale Caravan park, slight concrete scouring was observed to areas near driveways. F2

Climatological statistics

The following is a chart showing Australia tornadoes by month or by time period.

Number of recorded tornadoes affecting Australia
Month Number of storms
January
18
February
26
March
5
April
4
May
9
June
10
July
15
August
9
September
16
October
15
November
33
December
21
Tornadoes affecting Australia by period
Period Number of storms
1700s
1
1800s
14
1900–49
7
1950s
1
1960s
2
1970s
7
1980s
3
1990s
9
2000s
21
2010s
116
2020s
9

See also

References

  1. ^ "National Weather Service Glossary". National Weather Service. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  2. ^ "Tornadoes in Australia: are we prepared?". Australia Journal of Emergency Management. July 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  3. ^ Evershed, Nick (March 26, 2013). "MULTIMEDIA: Tornadoes in Australia". The Courier. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  4. ^ pg. 4. The Australian Sydney (extract from the Port Phillip Patriot) 23 March 1839
  5. ^ pg. 6. The Sydney Herald. 10 January 1842
  6. ^ "News from the interior". Sydney Morning Herald. NSW. October 10, 1844. p. 4. Retrieved June 9, 2013 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ^ pg. 2. Sydney Morning Herald 10 January 1849
  8. ^ pg. 2. The Maitland Mercury & Hunter River General Advertiser Wednesday 19 December 1849
  9. ^ a b pg. 3. Empire. 12 April 1852
  10. ^ pg. 4. The Maitland Mercury & Hunter River General Advertiser. Wednesday 14 January 1852
  11. ^ pg. 5. Sydney Morning Herald 18 September 1860
  12. ^ "THE TORNADO AT CHETWYND STATION" ON JULY 1, 1861. Bell's Life in Sydney and Sporting Chronicle. 15 February 1862
  13. ^ Glenelg River in History. pg.8. The Argus 19 April 1924
  14. ^ pg. 1. The Star. 26 October 1861
  15. ^ pg. 4. Border Watch. Friday 8 November 1861
  16. ^ pg. 4. The Argus Thursday 25 February 1864
  17. ^ TORNADO AT BEECEWORTH. OVENS ADVERTISER, OCT. 28, 1865
  18. ^ "General News". The Queenslander. Brisbane. February 26, 1876. p. 26. Retrieved June 9, 2013 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ^ Pg. 5 The Advertiser. 23 November 1897
  20. ^ Pg 2. Queanbeyan Age Wednesday 24 November 1897
  21. ^ THE TORNADO AT NHILL, DESCRIPTION BY AN EYEWITNESS. North Otago Times, Volume XXXVI, Issue 9079, 13 December 1897, Page 4
  22. ^ "Tornado at Nevertire". pg. 7. Launceston Examiner. 1 January 1897
  23. ^ pg 2. Barrier Miner. 6 December 1900
  24. ^ "Destructive Tornado at Narrabri. Houses Levelled to the Ground". pg 3. Clarence and Richmond Examiner. 7 January 1902
  25. ^ "The Ballarat Tornado" p6. The Mercury. 25 August 1909
  26. ^ "Furious Storm at Ballarat – several houses demolished, woman crushed to death, several persons injured" p5. The West Australian. 23 August 1909
  27. ^ a b "On this day in history: first picture of a tornado in Australia". Australian Geographic. Archived from the original on August 19, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  28. ^ "The Brighton Cyclone 2nd February 1918". Brighton Historical Society Inc. Archived from the original on August 9, 2008. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  29. ^ a b c "Tornadoes". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on March 17, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  30. ^ "Major historic severe weather". Commonwealth of Australia. Geoscience Australia. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  31. ^ "Tornado at Portarlington" p4. The Argus. 10 January 1921
  32. ^ "Waterspout at Corio Bay" p3. Geraldton Guardian. 13 January 1921
  33. ^ "DEVASTATING TORNADO". Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957). July 23, 1926. p. 19. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  34. ^ "Geelong Tornado. Relief Committee at Work" pg 12. The Argus. 27 July 1926
  35. ^ "Home". Inflowimages.com. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  36. ^ "Remembering the '62 tornado which killed three | Port Macquarie News". Portnews.com.au. November 19, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  37. ^ "A Complete History of Tornadoes in WA". Inflow Images. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  38. ^ says, Carlos (February 15, 2013). "F5 Tornadoes: The Chronology – Part II". Eric's Weather Library. Retrieved April 28, 2022.
  39. ^ "For Strong Winds: Tornadoes of Australia and New Zealand". Islandnet.com. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  40. ^ "EMA Disasters Database". Commonwealth of Australia. Emergency Management Australia. Archived from the original on August 17, 2008. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  41. ^ "Home". Inflowimages.com. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  42. ^ "Sandon Tornado VIC". Inflow Images. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  43. ^ "The Northam Tornado". Inflow Images. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  44. ^ "Bureau - Severe Storm Events - 1970/1979". Bom.gov.au. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  45. ^ "Severe Storm - Newcastle, Sydney, Wollongong 1978". Australian Emergency Management Knowledge Hub. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  46. ^ "The great twister of 1985 | Port Macquarie News". Portnews.com.au. November 20, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  47. ^ Ingall, Jennifer (November 27, 2013). "Tornadoes not so uncommon - ABC New England North West NSW - Australian Broadcasting Corporation". Abc.net.au. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  48. ^ Ben Quinn (December 24, 1989). "BSCH - Recent Events - Christmas Eve 1989 Tornadic Supercell". Bsch.au.com. Archived from the original on August 27, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  49. ^ "Event – Chisholm, ACT: Tornado". EMA Disasters Database. Australian Government: Emergency Management Australia. Archived from the original on March 16, 2012.
  50. ^ "Tucabia Tornado: Saturday 20th November 1993". Australian Severe Weather. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  51. ^ a b "Bureau - Severe Storm Events - 1990/2000". bom.gov.au. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  52. ^ "Merimbula – Pambula, NSW: Tornado". Archived from the original on September 16, 2008. Retrieved March 11, 2009.
  53. ^ "Severe Thunderstorms". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  54. ^ "Significant Weather - September 1996". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  55. ^ "EMA Disasters Database". Commonwealth of Australia. Emergency Management Australia. Retrieved April 15, 2012. [permanent dead link‍]
  56. ^ "Severe Thunderstorms in WA, Australia, 25 August 1999". Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on March 10, 2009. Retrieved December 25, 2012.
  57. ^ "Facts on Tornadoes in NSW". Archived from the original on March 27, 2011. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
  58. ^ "'Twister' horror for Sydney-Hobart yachts". CNN. December 28, 2001. Archived from the original on March 25, 2008.
  59. ^ "MonthlyClimate Summary - South Australian Regional Office (May 2002)". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  60. ^ "Summary of Significant Severe Thunderstorm Events in NSW - 2002/03". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  61. ^ "Facts on Tornadoes in NSW". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  62. ^ "Bendigo Tornado". Australian Sky & Weather. Archived from the original on June 12, 2008. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  63. ^ Baker, Richard; Rood, David (May 20, 2003). "'It was a dead-set tornado all right'". Fairfax. Melbourne: The Age. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  64. ^ "Tornado strikes in Grampians". Fairfax. The Stawell Times-News. January 16, 2004. Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  65. ^ Webster, Andrew (June 11, 2004). "Twister's trail leaves households reeling". The Age. Melbourne.
  66. ^ "Tornado near Coonabarabran 2005 Jan 20". Siding Spring Survey. Archived from the original on July 19, 2008. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  67. ^ "Severe Storm Events - 2005/2006". BoM. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  68. ^ "SIGNIFICANT WEATHER – August 2006" (PDF). Bom.gov.au. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  69. ^ Welch, Dylan (May 20, 2003). "Sixty homes hit by tornado". Fairfax. Melbourne: The Age. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  70. ^ "SIGNIFICANT WEATHER – August 2006" (PDF). Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  71. ^ "Tornado causes severe damage in Kakadu National Park". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  72. ^ Martin, Steve (May 15, 2007). "Pictures of the You Yangs twister – ABC South West Vic – Australian Broadcasting Corporation". Abc.net.au. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  73. ^ Mini tornado hits south | Adelaide Now
  74. ^ "Dunoon Tornado – near Lismore, NSW". Australia Severe Weather. Jimmy Deguara. October 27, 2007. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
  75. ^ "Village cops battering as freak twister pays a visit". Sydney Morning Herald. October 28, 2007. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
  76. ^ "Village cops battering as freak twister pays a visit". APN News & Media Ltd. The Northern Star. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
  77. ^ "Ballarat Tornado, Australia - 20th December 2007". Stormchasers.au.com. December 20, 2007. Archived from the original on February 23, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  78. ^ "Perth tornado 'may have hit 150km/h'". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ABC News. June 9, 2008. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  79. ^ "Twists and turns on road to Canberra". Archived from the original on September 26, 2009. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
  80. ^ "Weather News – Tornado tears through crops". Weatherzone.com.au. February 17, 2010. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  81. ^ Tatnell, Paul (June 3, 2010). "Waterspout wrecks homes in NSW town as storm hits hard". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
  82. ^ "No disaster declaration for storm". Archived from the original on June 5, 2010. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
  83. ^ Jamali, Dellaram (August 2, 2010). "Storm destroys hundreds of trees at Trawalla". The Courier. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  84. ^ Gerritsen, Tim (July 31, 2010). "Tornado rips through Penola – ABC South East SA – Australian Broadcasting Corporation". Abc.net.au. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  85. ^ "Weather News – Wild weather causes mini-tornado". Weatherzone.com.au. August 11, 2010. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  86. ^ Delaney, Anne; Coleman, Chris (February 4, 2011). "Dante's Tornado". ABC Riverina. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
  87. ^ Adlam, Nigel (March 8, 2011), Tornado blows tourists away, NT News, archived from the original on April 12, 2011, retrieved March 8, 2011
  88. ^ "Pilbara Echo :: A Part of Your Community now in Karratha & Port Hedland – Breaking News – Karratha town centre hit by tornado". Archived from the original on March 2, 2011. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  89. ^ "Tornado sweeps across Ballarat". The Courier. April 20, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  90. ^ Styles, Aja (May 20, 2011). "Mini-tornado hits Canning Vale as storm tears through Perth". WAtoday.com.au. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
  91. ^ "Rainy days for WA". 702 ABC Perth. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. May 20, 2011. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
  92. ^ "TORNADO HITS NSW TOWN". Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
  93. ^ Dow, Aisha (November 8, 2011). "'Tornado' rips apart homes, lashes villages". The Border Mail. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  94. ^ "Tornado, storms strike Melbourne". heraldsun.com.au. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  95. ^ "Tornado hits Snowy Mountains". The Sydney Morning Herald. January 20, 2012.
  96. ^ "Tech Report No 58 Investigation of Townsville Tornado, 20 March 2012 — Cyclone Testing Station (CTS) - James Cook University". Jcu.edu.au. March 20, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  97. ^ "Clean-up begins after storm's devastation". Archived from the original on May 6, 2013. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
  98. ^ "Tornado strikes Black Ranges | The Stawell Times-News". Stawelltimes.com.au. May 31, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  99. ^ "More wild weather expected this weekend". perthnow.com.au. June 8, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  100. ^ "Clean up continues after tornado's destruction – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". ABC News. Abc.net.au. June 7, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  101. ^ "Storm threat eases in Tasmania – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". ABC News. Abc.net.au. November 9, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  102. ^ "Tornadoes hit Queensland coastal towns". Brisbanetimes.com.au. January 26, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  103. ^ "Sixth tornado hits southeast Queensland". The Age. Melbourne.
  104. ^ Mcilroy, Tom (January 31, 2013). "'Mini-tornado' rips through Ballarat North". The Courier. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  105. ^ "Mini-tornado causes havoc in Ballarat". heraldsun.com.au. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  106. ^ 'Mini-tornado' damages Ballarat - Weekly Times Now
  107. ^ Oliver, Jordan (February 1, 2013). "Ballarat East family counts storm damage cost". The Courier. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  108. ^ Wild weather brings floods, 'mini tornadoes' Rachel Olding, Brisbane Times. February 24, 2013
  109. ^ Study Shows Shoalhaven Tornado Had 200 KPH Winds
  110. ^ Thompson, Angela (February 26, 2013). "GALLERY: South Coast hit by 'family of tornadoes'". Illawarra Mercury. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  111. ^ Webster, Michelle (February 27, 2013). "Tornado cut a destructive path along coast". Illawarra Mercury. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  112. ^ a b Allen, John Terrence; Allen, Edwina Rose (2016). "The Tornado Climatology of Australia 1795-2014" (PDF). Columbia University, New York. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  113. ^ "Tornado like an oncoming train". heraldsun.com.au. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  114. ^ "F3 tornado devastates Murray Valley towns". Victoria State Emergency Service. March 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 28, 2013. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
  115. ^ a b "Tornadoes tear through Victorian towns". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. March 22, 2013. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
  116. ^ "Disaster relief for tornado hit towns: PM". The Australian. AAP. March 23, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
  117. ^ "Paramedics respond following tornado UPDATED 0600". Ambulance Victoria. March 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 12, 2013. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
  118. ^ "Locals describe tornado experience". ABC Goulburn Murray. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. March 22, 2013. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
  119. ^ "AMOStornadoevent_videos_06-coombs.wmv". google.com. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  120. ^ "Tornado brings havoc to Victorian town of Ararat". The Australian. October 23, 2013.
  121. ^ Deborah Gough (October 23, 2013). "'Mini-tornado' rips through Ararat as storm cells cross Victoria". Smh.com.au. Archived from the original on December 5, 2013. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  122. ^ EMMA D'AGOSTINO (October 23, 2013). "Ararat storm possibly mini-tornado: Bureau of Meteorology | The Wimmera Mail-Times". Mailtimes.com.au. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  123. ^ "'Mini tornado' rips off cinema roof". news.com.au. November 18, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  124. ^ Findlay, Tracey; Westbrook, Tom; Smith, Rohan (November 19, 2013). "Hornsby tornado's Manly origins". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  125. ^ Mini tornado in Hornsby N.S.W. November 18, 2013. Archived from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via YouTube.
  126. ^ "Guyra tornado caught on camera on MSN Video". Video.au.msn.com. Archived from the original on December 14, 2013. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  127. ^ "Tornado wrecks NSW house as storms continue in state". The Australian. November 24, 2013.
  128. ^ Stewart, Janelle (November 28, 2013). "Tornadoes touch down". The Guyra Argus. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  129. ^ Rope cloud over pakenham. helen murdock. June 14, 2014. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via YouTube.
  130. ^ Tornado Hits Perth | 7News Perth | 14/07/2013. 7newsPerth. July 14, 2014. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via YouTube.
  131. ^ Press, Australian Associated; Foster, Brendan (July 14, 2014). "Two men die after Perth tornado cuts power to life-support equipment". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  132. ^ Scott, Rob [@Rob7Scott] (September 7, 2014). "BOM says very likely damage in Forrestfield last night was caused by a tornado. Another night of wild weather forecast tonight. @7NewsPerth" (Tweet). Archived from the original on February 19, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via Twitter.
  133. ^ "Severe Storms Archive". Bom.gov.au. Tornado ID: 1275. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  134. ^ "Storm batters Forrestfield". au.news.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  135. ^ Kempton, Helen (July 29, 2014). "Wild weather lashes Tasmania's North-West with roofs torn off and powerlines down". The Mercury. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  136. ^ WELLS, GRANT (July 29, 2014). "Mini tornado wreaks havoc | pictures, photos". The Advocate. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  137. ^ Media, Fairfax Regional (August 2014). "Readers Coastal wild weather photos | mega gallery". The Advocate. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  138. ^ McLeod, Gabrielle (November 23, 2014). "'Tornado' causes millions of dollars damage in Gol Gol, NSW". Newcastle Herald. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  139. ^ "Severe Storms Archive". Bom.gov.au. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  140. ^ Media, Fairfax Regional (January 25, 2015). "Tornado hits Bombala". Bombala Times. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  141. ^ Tornado in Bombala NSW - 26/01/2015. Sam Dyer. January 28, 2015. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via YouTube.
  142. ^ Luke Nights Nights (November 6, 2015), Tornado Friday 13th February 2015 North West of Creswick Vic, retrieved February 2, 2016
  143. ^ PROUDMAN, DAN (February 16, 2015). "Twister's trail of destruction at Tulloch winery: video". Newcastle Herald. Archived from the original on August 7, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  144. ^ Mini Tornado In Hunter Valley. Maryanna Rach. February 15, 2015. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via YouTube.
  145. ^ "Tornado warning a false alarm, says weather bureau". ABC News. February 23, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  146. ^ Jeans, David (March 2015). "Couple in shock after 'tornado' tears through Hepburn Regional Park". The Courier. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  147. ^ "Severe Storms Archive". Bom.gov.au. Tornado ID: 1292. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  148. ^ "Twister over Grafton was a rare tornado: BOM". Gladstone Observer. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  149. ^ "Super Cell and Tornado caught on camera". ABC Western Plains NSW. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  150. ^ Media, Fairfax Regional (July 13, 2015). "Storm chaser in the right place, at right time, for western NSW tornado | Photos". Daily Liberal. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  151. ^ "Tornado rips through western NSW – Multimedia – Farmonline National". www.farmonline.com.au. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  152. ^ "Twister terror". Albury Wodonga. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  153. ^ LAMBERT, OLIVIA (July 26, 2015). "Tornado triggers waterspout at weir". The Border Mail. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  154. ^ "A Small and Damaging Tornado struck just... – Higgins Storm Chasing | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  155. ^ "Roofs blown off as 'mini-tornado' strikes Tasmania's north-west". ABC News. August 10, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  156. ^ Dubbo tornado from the start. Todd S. August 24, 2015. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via YouTube.
  157. ^ Dubbo tornado - BEST NEW FOOTAGE - ROSS SAWTELL - 24.8.2015. Ross Sawtell. August 25, 2015. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via YouTube.
  158. ^ Dubbo Tornado 24th august 2015. Skye. August 26, 2015. Archived from the original on February 19, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via YouTube.
  159. ^ HOAR, JENNIFER (August 26, 2015). "DUBBO TORNADO: Dubbo cleans up after tornado | Photos". Daily Liberal. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  160. ^ "Tornado smashes into East Dubbo". ABC Western Plains NSW. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  161. ^ Usher Tornado On Tape. Craig McConnell2K18. August 29, 2015. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via YouTube.
  162. ^ "Severe Storms Archive". Bom.gov.au. Tornado ID: 1289. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  163. ^ "A mini tornado has just gone through the... – Shire of Cranbrook | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  164. ^ "Severe Storms Archive". Bom.gov.au. Tornado ID: 1290. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  165. ^ "Marinka Spence – Timeline Photos | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  166. ^ Grams, Jacob (October 1, 2015). "Brisbane weather: Tornado lifts roof and throws trampoline on 500m trail through Upper Caboolture, north of Brisbane". The Courier Mail. Quest Community Newspapers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  167. ^ "Tornadoes spotted in wild weather on Darling Downs". The Observer (Gladstone). Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  168. ^ "A tornado has been spotted near Bundella... – Higgins Storm Chasing | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  169. ^ Domensino, Ben [@Ben_Domensino] (October 27, 2015). "WOW! A tornado was spotted in Merrywinebone, NSW during today's severe storms. Pic: Tammy Williams @SkyWeatherAUS https://t.co/Y6CbIXtihO" (Tweet). Archived from the original on February 19, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via Twitter.
  170. ^ "Severe Storms Archive". Bom.gov.au. Tornado ID: 1286. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  171. ^ "Destructive Tornado rips through Northern Victoria 1/11/15 – Higgins Storm Chasing". Higgins Storm Chasing. Archived from the original on February 2, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  172. ^ "Severe Storms Archive". Bom.gov.au. Tornado ID:1287. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  173. ^ "'Scary' tornado on farm captured on video". ABC News. November 2, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  174. ^ Ellard, Glenn. "Mother nature unleashes hell". www.mmg.com.au. Archived from the original on February 19, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  175. ^ Austorm chasers (November 1, 2015), Multiple Vortex Tornado - Nathalia, VICTORIA. 01/11/2015 ***NOT FOR BROADCAST***, retrieved February 2, 2016
  176. ^ "Tornado wows spectators at Monarto during SA thunderstorms". abc.net.au. November 4, 2015. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  177. ^ "Severe Storms Archive". Bom.gov.au. Tornado ID: 1288. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  178. ^ Butt, Neelima Choahan, Craig (November 5, 2015). "Melbourne weather: Tornado hits Melbourne's north". The Age. Retrieved February 2, 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  179. ^ "No damage from severe storms that prompted tornado warning". ABC News. November 5, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  180. ^ "KCGM counts cost of freak storm". au.news.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on February 19, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  181. ^ "Severe Storms Archive". Bom.gov.au. Tornado ID: 1293. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  182. ^ "Tornado leaves disaster trail". theaustralian.com.au. December 16, 2015. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  183. ^ "Media Releases – Bureau of Meteorology Newsroom". bom.gov.au. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  184. ^ "Three injured in Sydney tornado | The New Daily". The New Daily. December 16, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  185. ^ "Insurance losses from summer catastrophes pass half a billion dollars" (PDF). Insurance Council of Australia. January 15, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 28, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  186. ^ "Video of the tornado in Bathurst this... – Higgins Storm Chasing | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  187. ^ "Photos of a tornado in Bathurst this... – Higgins Storm Chasing | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  188. ^ "Tornado devastates parts of Darling Downs". Chronicle. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  189. ^ "Bowenville residents blown away by shocking tornado damages". The Courier Mail. December 24, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  190. ^ "Bowenville cleans up after Supercell rips through – Higgins Storm Chasing". Higgins Storm Chasing. Archived from the original on February 2, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  191. ^ "Severe Thunderstorm and tornado outbreak 28 September 2016/". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  192. ^ "SA weather: Blyth residents cleaning up after tornadoes sweep through state's Mid North/". ABC News. September 29, 2016. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  193. ^ "Update Report: Black System event in South Australia on 28 September 2016/". AEMO Media Centre. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  194. ^ "A tornado, snow, hail and buckets of rain: welcome to summer in Victoria". Theage.com.au. February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  195. ^ "Yahoo News Australia".
  196. ^ No Cookies | The Courier Mail
  197. ^ Knowles, Daniel (December 28, 2017). "Residents tell of 'tornado' terror after storm strips roofs, snaps trees". The Courier Mail.
  198. ^ Brandy, Daniella (October 12, 2018). "Two tornadoes caused chaos and destruction in Queensland yesterday -- and more could be on the way". Business Insider Australia. Archived from the original on October 12, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  199. ^ "Town 'flattened' by tornado as storms cross Queensland". ABC News. October 11, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  200. ^ Millar, Benjamin (June 30, 2019). "Man left injured as 'tornado' destroys Axe Creek house". The Age. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
  201. ^ Bureau of Meteorology, Victoria [@BOM_Vic] (July 2, 2019). "Our meteorologists visited Axe Creek (near #Bendigo) to assess the #tornado damage from Saturday. From the path of debris, this was at least an EF2 tornado on the Enhanced Fujita scale, with winds over 200km/h. We're very glad everyone is safe. More info: https://t.co/8pIhpblLtK https://t.co/9XF3318PRl" (Tweet). Archived from the original on September 16, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via Twitter.
  202. ^ "Cattle killed after a tornado rips through a Victorian town". SBS News. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  203. ^ "Rural tornado kills livestock and damages property". www.9news.com.au. September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  204. ^ "BAMOS Vol 33 No.2 June 2020". view.joomag.com. Retrieved July 3, 2020.
  205. ^ "Tornado which hit parts of Geelong sounded like a jet engine". 9 News. May 22, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
  206. ^ Bureau of Meteorology, Victoria [@BOM_Vic] (December 7, 2020). "🌪️ Confirmed! Prelim analysis suggests the winds that hit #Horsham last night were associated with an EF1 tornado. Marks in this wheat field show clear rotation in NW quadrant of the tornado, where winds were strongest (estimated peak gusts 138-178km/h). 📷: @HRCCouncil https://t.co/Ln6qhGgHvu" (Tweet). Archived from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2021 – via Twitter.
  207. ^ "'Fierce tornado' in western Victoria rips roofs off houses, snaps tree trunks". ABC News. December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  208. ^ NSW weather: mini-tornado damages homes in Chester Hill, says NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian by ABC News. 20 March 2021 Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  209. ^ Gorman, ABC Central West: Mollie (September 30, 2021). "Tornado tears through regional NSW, injuring three people, damaging properties near Bathurst". ABC News. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  210. ^ "Tornado visible amid lightning storm in Armidale". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. October 14, 2021.
  211. ^ Australia hit by more wild weather with possible tornado, bushfire
  212. ^ @SevereWeatherAU (January 15, 2022). "MUST WATCH! See the time-lapse video of the Bombala NSW tornado that was captured yesterday afternoon. Via our Part…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  213. ^ Jose, Renju; Craymer, Lucy (December 27, 2023). "Ten dead in Australia thunderstorms, thousands without power". Reuters. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  214. ^ "BOM Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved December 27, 2023.