Linda Holland

Linda Z. Holland
Alma mater	University of California, San Diego
Scientific career
Thesis	Evolution of the chordate body plan : amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) as a stand-in for the ancestral vertebrate (2001)

Linda Zimmerman Holland is a research biologist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography known for her work examining the evolution of vertebrates.

Education and career

Holland has a B.A. (1962) and an M.A. (1964) from Stanford University. She worked as a research associate at the University of California, San Diego, Scripps Clinic, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography in the period from 1970 until 1998.[1] She earned her Ph.D. from the University of California, San Diego in 2001.[2] She started as a research biologist at Scripps in 1998, and is emeritus as of 2022.[1] Linda Holland has described in detail some of the early obstacles she faced as a woman scientist starting out in academe in the 1960s and 1970s, [3]

Research

Holland's early research examined anatomical structures in purple sea urchins,[4][5] and a protein involved in clotting, Von Willebrand factor.[6] She went on to examine reproduction in sea urchins,[7] salps,[8] and amphioxus, known as lancelet.[9] Holland began collecting amphioxus in Tampa, Florida in 1988,[10] which enabled her to use them as a model system to study evolutionary biology.[11][12] Holland was the lead scientist on the project analyzing the genome of amphioxus,[13] and her work revealed reuse and copying of genes by amphioxus.[14] Her research also addressed the evolution of bilaterian animals as in her 2013 Holland et al.[15] publication (see image). In 2017 she wrote a history of the use of amphioxus in biological research.[16]

A typical cnidarian polyp, a generalized protostome, hemichordate and chordate and their phylogenetic relations are shown. Special attention is given to nervous systems and neural structures of the respective animals (Holland et al. 2013)

Selected publications

• Putnam, Nicholas H.; Butts, Thomas; Ferrier, David E. K.; Furlong, Rebecca F.; Hellsten, Uffe; Kawashima, Takeshi; Robinson-Rechavi, Marc; Shoguchi, Eiichi; Terry, Astrid; Yu, Jr-Kai; Benito-Gutiérrez, E`lia (2008). "The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype". Nature. 453 (7198): 1064–1071. Bibcode:2008Natur.453.1064P. doi:10.1038/nature06967. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 18563158. S2CID 4418548.
• Holland, Linda Z.; Albalat, Ricard; Azumi, Kaoru; Benito-Gutiérrez, Èlia; Blow, Matthew J.; Bronner-Fraser, Marianne; Brunet, Frederic; Butts, Thomas; Candiani, Simona; Dishaw, Larry J.; Ferrier, David E. K. (2008-07-01). "The amphioxus genome illuminates vertebrate origins and cephalochordate biology". Genome Research. 18 (7): 1100–1111. doi:10.1101/gr.073676.107. ISSN 1088-9051. PMC 2493399. PMID 18562680.
• Holland, L.Z.; Kene, M.; Williams, N.A.; Holland, N.D. (1997-05-01). "Sequence and embryonic expression of the amphioxus engrailed gene (AmphiEn): the metameric pattern of transcription resembles that of its segment-polarity homolog in Drosophila". Development. 124 (9): 1723–1732. doi:10.1242/dev.124.9.1723. ISSN 0950-1991. PMID 9165120.
• Yu, Jr-Kai; Satou, Yutaka; Holland, Nicholas D.; Shin-I, Tadasu; Kohara, Yuji; Satoh, Noriyuki; Bronner-Fraser, Marianne; Holland, Linda Z. (2007). "Axial patterning in cephalochordates and the evolution of the organizer". Nature. 445 (7128): 613–617. doi:10.1038/nature05472. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 17237766. S2CID 4337940.

Awards and honors

In 2014 Holland, and her husband Nick Holland, received the A.O. Kovalevsky Medal for their work on amphioxus.[17] This award also includes being named an honorary member of the Saint Petersburg Society of Naturalists.[10]

References

1. "Biography". LINDA HOLLAND. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
2. Holland, Linda Zimmerman (2001). Evolution of the chordate body plan: amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) as a stand-in for the ancestral vertebrate. OCLC 1086372946.
3. Holland, Linda Z. (2010). "Linda Holland". Evolution & Development. 12 (2): 109–112. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00397.x. PMID 20433452. S2CID 221679800.
4. Holland, Linda Z.; Giese, Arthur C.; Phillips, John H. (1967-05-01). "Studies on the perivisceral coelomic fluid protein concentration during seasonal and nutritional changes in the purple sea urchin". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 21 (2): 361–371. doi:10.1016/0010-406X(67)90798-0. ISSN 0010-406X. PMID 6036932.
5. Holland, Linda Z.; Holland, Nicholas D. (1975-01-01). "The fine structure of epidermal glands of regenerating and mature globiferous pedicellariae of a sea urchin (Lytechinus pictus)". Tissue and Cell. 7 (4): 723–737. doi:10.1016/0040-8166(75)90039-7. ISSN 0040-8166. PMID 1209591.
6. Handa, M; Titani, K; Holland, L Z; Roberts, J R; Ruggeri, Z M (1986). "The von Willebrand factor-binding domain of platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib. Characterization by monoclonal antibodies and partial amino acid sequence analysis of proteolytic fragments". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 261 (27): 12579–12585. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67128-5. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 2943738. S2CID 32913992.
7. Holland, Linda Z.; Gould-Somero, Meredith (1982-08-01). "Fertilization acid of sea urchin eggs: Evidence that it is H+, not CO2". Developmental Biology. 92 (2): 549–552. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(82)90200-7. ISSN 0012-1606. PMID 6811353.
8. Holland, Linda Z.; Gorsky, Gabriel; Fenaux, Robert (1988). "Fertilization in Oikopleura dioica (Tunicata, Appendicularia): Acrosome reaction, cortical reaction and sperm-egg fusion". Zoomorphology. 108 (4): 229–243. doi:10.1007/BF00312223. ISSN 0720-213X. S2CID 24403871.
9. Holland, Nicholas D.; Holland, Linda Z. (1989). "The Fine Structure of the Testis of a Lancelet (=Amphioxus), Branchiostoma floridae (Phylum Chordata: Subphylum Cephalochordata= Acrania)". Acta Zoologica. 70 (4): 211–219. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1989.tb00934.x.
10. "SCRIPPS SCIENTISTS TO BE HONORED WITH PRESTIGIOUS INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGY AWARD". US Fed News Service, Including US State News; Washington, D.C. [Washington, D.C]. 22 January 2015.
11. Holland, P.W.; Holland, L.Z.; Williams, N.A.; Holland, N.D. (1992-11-01). "An amphioxus homeobox gene: sequence conservation, spatial expression during development and insights into vertebrate evolution". Development. 116 (3): 653–661. doi:10.1242/dev.116.3.653. ISSN 0950-1991. PMID 1363226.
12. Holland, N.D.; Panganiban, G.; Henyey, E.L.; Holland, L.Z. (1996-09-01). "Sequence and developmental expression of AmphiDll, an amphioxus Distal-less gene transcribed in the ectoderm, epidermis and nervous system: insights into evolution of craniate forebrain and neural crest". Development. 122 (9): 2911–2920. doi:10.1242/dev.122.9.2911. ISSN 0950-1991. PMID 8787764.
13. "Genome sequence of lancelet shows how genes quadrupled during vertebrate evolution". EurekAlert!. June 18, 2008. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
14. Holland, Linda Z.; Albalat, Ricard; Azumi, Kaoru; Benito-Gutiérrez, Èlia; Blow, Matthew J.; Bronner-Fraser, Marianne; Brunet, Frederic; Butts, Thomas; Candiani, Simona; Dishaw, Larry J.; Ferrier, David E.K. (2008). "The amphioxus genome illuminates vertebrate origins and cephalochordate biology". Genome Research. 18 (7): 1100–1111. doi:10.1101/gr.073676.107. ISSN 1088-9051. PMC 2493399. PMID 18562680.
15. Holland, Linda Z; Carvalho, João E; Escriva, Hector; Laudet, Vincent; Schubert, Michael; Shimeld, Sebastian M; Yu, Jr-Kai (2013). "Evolution of bilaterian central nervous systems: a single origin?". EvoDevo. 4 (1): 27. doi:10.1186/2041-9139-4-27. ISSN 2041-9139. PMC 3856589. PMID 24098981.
16. Holland, Nicholas D.; Holland, Linda Z. (2017-12-20). "The ups and downs of amphioxus biology: a history". International Journal of Developmental Biology. 61 (10–11–12): 575–583. doi:10.1387/ijdb.160395LH. ISSN 0214-6282. PMID 29319106.
17. "Academic Couple Honored by the St. Petersburg Society of Naturalists in Russia". Women in Academia Report; Bartonsville. February 5, 2015.

External links

• Linda Holland publications indexed by Google Scholar