James P. Eisenstein

James P. Eisenstein
James P. Eisenstein
Born	May 15, 1952 (age 72); St. Louis, Missouri
Nationality	American
Alma mater	Oberlin College; University of California, Berkeley
Known for	Fractional Quantum Hall effect; Exciton condensation
Awards	Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize (2007)
	Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	Bell Laboratories ; California Institute of Technology

James P. Eisenstein is an American physicist noted for his experimental research on strongly interacting two-dimensional electron systems. He is currently the Frank J. Roshek Professor of Physics and Applied Physics, Emeritus, at the California Institute of Technology.^[1]

Academic career

Eisenstein received his AB degree from Oberlin College in 1974 and a PhD in physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1980. Following a few years as an assistant professor of physics at Williams College, Eisenstein became a member of the technical staff at Bell Laboratories at Murray Hill, New Jersey in 1983. In 1996 Eisenstein accepted a professorship in physics at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. In 2005 he became the Frank J. Roshek Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Caltech.^[1]^[2] Eisenstein assumed emeritus status in 2018 and suspended his experimental research program in 2021.

He has served on various National Research Council committees including the Solid State Sciences Committee and the Board on Physics and Astronomy. He was an associate editor of the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics from 2014 to 2017.

Research

Following doctoral research on the hydrodynamic properties of superfluid 3-He,^[3] at Bell Labs Eisenstein switched his focus to the experimental properties of two-dimensional electron systems in semiconductor heterostructures. At very low temperatures and high magnetic fields, such systems exhibit a host of exotic phenomena, notably the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects.

Among Eisenstein's most significant research contributions is the discovery of the first "even denominator" fractional quantized Hall state, the first observation of "stripe" and "bubble" 2D quantum electronic phases, and the first detection of the long-sought phenomenon of excitonic Bose condensation.

The even-denominator fractional quantum Hall state, at filling v=5/2, is believed to possess quasiparticles with non-abelian braiding statistics,^[4] a property key to proposed topological quantum computer architectures.^[5]

The stripe and bubble phases^[6] ^[7] reveal that in the quantum regime point-like electrons can organize themselves into configurations^[8] which resemble classical liquid crystals comprising complex asymmetric molecules.

Exciton condensation was originally theorized, in the 1960's, to occur in bulk semimetals in the absence of a magnetic field.^[9]^[10]^[11] Surprisingly, the phenomenon was first detected in closely-spaced double layer 2D electron systems at high magnetic field. In effect, at low temperature electrons in one layer can bind onto the vacancies between electrons in the other layer. The condensed phase has numerous exotic properties.^[12]

Awards and honors

2007 Oliver E. Buckley Prize of the American Physical Society, shared with Steven M. Girvin and Allan H. MacDonald. Citation reads "for fundamental experimental and theoretical research on correlated many-electron states in low dimensional systems."^[13]
2005 Election to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences^[14]
2003 Morris Loeb Lecturer, Harvard University^[15]
1993 Distinguished Member of the Technical Staff, Bell Laboratories
1992 Fellow of the American Physical Society^[16]

Publications

Willett, R.; Eisenstein, J. P.; Störmer, H. L.; Tsui, D. C.; Gossard, A. C.; English, J. H. (1987-10-12). "Observation of an even-denominator quantum number in the fractional quantum Hall effect" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 59 (15). American Physical Society (APS): 1776–1779. Bibcode:1987PhRvL..59.1776W. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.59.1776. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10035326.

Lilly, M. P.; Cooper, K. B.; Eisenstein, J. P.; Pfeiffer, L. N.; West, K. W. (1999-01-11). "Evidence for an Anisotropic State of Two-Dimensional Electrons in High Landau Levels" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 82 (2). American Physical Society (APS): 394–397. arXiv:cond-mat/9808227. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..82..394L. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.82.394. ISSN 0031-9007. S2CID 17531735.

Eisenstein, J. P.; MacDonald, A. H. (2004). "Bose–Einstein condensation of excitons in bilayer electron systems". Nature. 432 (7018). Springer Nature: 691–694. arXiv:cond-mat/0404113. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..691E. doi:10.1038/nature03081. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15592403. S2CID 1538354.

Eisenstein, J. P. (2014). "Exciton Condensation in Bilayer Quantum Hall Systems". Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 5. Annual Reviews: 159–181. arXiv:1306.0584. doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031113-133832.

References

^ ^a ^b "James Eisenstein". Division of Physics, Math, and Astronomy. California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2024-10-02. James Eisenstein: Frank J. Roshek Professor of Physics and Applied Physics, Emeritus
^ Zierler, David (July 2, 2020). "James Eisenstein". Caltech Heritage Project. California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
^ Eisenstein, James P. (1980). "Flow Properties of Liquid Helium-3 below 5 millidegrees".
^ Moore, Gregory; Read, Nicholas (1991). "Nonabelions in the fractional quantum hall effect". Nuclear Physics B. 360 (2–3): 362. Bibcode:1991NuPhB.360..362M. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(91)90407-O.
^ Kitaev, A. Yu. (1997). "Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons". Annals of Physics. 303: 2–30. arXiv:quant-ph/9707021. doi:10.1016/S0003-4916(02)00018-0.
^ Koulakov, A.A.; Fogler, M.M.; Shklovskii, B.I. (1996). "The Ground State of a Two-Dimensional Electron Liquid in a Weak Magnetic Field". Physical Review B. 54: 1853–1871. arXiv:cond-mat/9601110. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.54.1853.
^ Moessner, R.; Chalker, J.T. (1996). "Exact results for interacting electrons in high Landau levels". Physical Review B. 54: 5006–5015. arXiv:cond-mat/9606177. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.54.5006.
^ Fradkin, Eduardo; Kivelson, Steven A.; Lawler, Michael J.; Eisenstein, James P.; Mackenzie, Andrew P. (2010). "Nematic Fermi Fluids in Condensed Matter Physics". Annual Reviews of Condensed Matter Physics. 1: 153. arXiv:0910.4166. doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-103925.
^ Blatt, John M.; Boer, K.W.; Brandt, Werner (1962). "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Excitons". Physical Review. 126: 1691–1692. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.126.1691.
^ Keldysh, L.V.; Kopaev, Yu.V. (1964). "Possible instability of the semimetallic state toward Coulomb interaction". Soviet Physics Solid State. 6: 2791. doi:10.1142/9789811279461_0006.
^ Jerome, D.; Rice, T.M.; Kohn, Walter (1967). "Excitonic Insulator". Physical Review. 158: 462. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.158.462.
^ Eisenstein, J. P. (2014). "Exciton Condensation in Bilayer Quantum Hall Systems". Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 5. Annual Reviews: 159–181. arXiv:1306.0584. doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031113-133832.
^ "2007 Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize Recipient". Prize Recipient. American Physical Society. Archived from the original on 2009-10-11. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
^ "James P. Eisenstein". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
^ Eisenstein, James (2002). "Loeb and Lee Lectures, Harvard University".
^ "APS Fellows Archive". APS.