Jacob Piry

Jacob Piry
Member of People's Representative Council
In office 1956–1959
Constituency	East Java
In office 1960–1965
Constituency	None
Personal details
Born	(1920-09-20)20 September 1920 Payeti, Dutch East Indies
Died	Unknown
Political party	Communist Party of Indonesia
Other political affiliations	Peasants Front of Indonesia
Alma mater	Leiden University
Occupation	Politician

Jacob Piry (born 3 September 1920; died unknown) was a Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) politician. As a result of the 1955 general election, Jacob became a member of the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR), representing the party until his membership was suspended on 15 November 1965 and only officially dismissed on 1 April 1966.[1] While in parliament, Jacob served as Chairman of Commission B (Finance) from 1961 to 1964. He then became chairman of Commission F until 1965.[2]

Early life and study period

Jacob was born in Payeti, a village near Waingapu, on 20 September 1920.[3][4] His father was a Sabu who worked as a colonial officer in Waingapu, while his younger brother, Samuel Nicodemus Piry [id], was a former deputy chairman of the PKI Central Bureau of the East Nusa Tenggara and member of the MPRS.[5] He studied in the Sekolah Rakjat (People's School) in Tenggoo, West Sumba for three years. Upon graduating from People's School, he continued his education in HIS in several places in Lesser Sunda Islands and Java.[4]

In 1936, he took the entrance exam for the Koningin Emmaschool (abbreviated as KES) in Surabaya and passed.[6] However, Jacob then transferred from KES to the Christian MULO (Christelijke MULO), where he underwent his secondary education until graduating in 1939.[7] Subsequently, he enrolled in AMS Section A in Yogyakarta (now SMA Negeri 1 Yogyakarta) and studied there until 1942.[4]

Jacob was in Java during the proclamation of independence, where he first became acquainted with the PKI.[5] In 1946, he participated in the civil service selection exam and passed.[8] To support his career as a civil servant, he studied literature (taalkundig) at the Faculty of Indologie of Leiden University for his undergraduate studies, then switched to economics for his doctoral education.[9][10] He successfully completed his studies in 1952.[10]

While studying in the Netherlands, Jacob was active as a member of the Indonesian Association (PI) and Indonesian Students Association (Rupi).[3] It was during this time that he became a communist.[5] Jacob had a bitter experience at university, where he was suspended by the university for not paying tuition fees.[11]

Early career

After graduating from Leiden, Jacob worked as a vizier who was seconded to the Governor's Office of Nusa Tenggara Province and was appointed Head of Legislation. He also became the head of the primary cooperative for employees of the governor's office and was involved in the Ministry of Home Affairs Workers' Union (SSKDN) in Singaraja as a member and leader. Apart from labor unions, Jacob was also active in Peasants Front of Indonesia (BTI) and became a member of the Regional Leadership Council (DPD) of Peasants Front of Indonesia Buleleng Regency branch.[3]

Career as a member of People's Representative Council

In the 1955 general election, Jacob became a candidate for the DPR and the Constitutional Assembly from the PKI. As a DPR candidate, his constituencies were East Java and West Nusa Tenggara. As a candidate for the Constituent Assembly, his constituency included West Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara.[12] Jacob was successfully elected as a member of the DPR in the constituency of East Java, but failed to be elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly.[3][13] He was sworn in as a member of the DPR on 24 March 1956.[14]

On 27 December 1956, after a cabinet meeting due to Dahlan Ibrahim's [id] resignation as a Minister of State for the Affairs of Former Indonesian Freedom Fighters [id], the cabinet decided to establish a commission tasked with discussing the division of Indonesian territory and to be completed within a month. The commission was chaired by S.M. Amin with Jacob as one of its members.[15] Jacob was also one of the members of parliament who approved the formation of the Working Cabinet in the midst of the implementation of the state of emergency (staat van oorlog en beleg, abbreviated SOB) throughout Indonesia, representing his party's stance that approved the implementation of the SOB to oppose PRRI and Permesta which, apart from being seen as undermining national unity, were also a threat to the party as both movements were anti-communist.[16][17] At the session hold on 5 June, in addition to reiterating his party's statement on regional movements, Jacob also criticized the credit policies of Finance Minister Jusuf Wibisono.[18]

Jacob became the party's representative, along with Sudjito and Thobias Paulinus Rissi, to meet Deputy Prime Minister Mr. Hardi and Inspector General of Territorial and Popular Resistance Colonel Sadikin [id]. They asked the two officials for information about the arrests of PKI members in Flores and Timor. Both men stated that they had not received any news about this, but both promised to ask for information and conduct an investigation.[19][a] Furthermore, Jacob also criticized the transparency of the flow of funds, the government's attitude, and other matters related to the State Budget (ABN, now APBN) draft from 1953 to 1956.[20] In 1961, he was appointed chairman of Commission B (Finance) and served until 1964.[2] He last served as chairman of Commission F (Finance and Financing) before his membership was suspended.[21]

Post-30 September Movement

Following the failure of the 30 September Movement, the government carried out a purge of communist groups throughout Indonesia, especially within the government. Jacob was among those affected. Since 15 November 1965, his parliament membership was suspended.[1] He was then detained at the Salemba Detention Center (RTC). Due to the difficulty of obtaining proper food, he was forced to eat gecko meat to satisfy his hunger.[22] Perhaps after his release from detention, he translated Jan van Baal's [nl] book Geschiedenis en Groei van de Theorie der Culturele Anthropologie: tot ± 1970. In Indonesian, the book is titled Pertumbuhan Teori Antropologi Budaya: Hingga Dekade 1970 (History and Growth of Cultural Anthropology Theory: Up to the Decade of 1970) and was first published in 1987.[23]

Note

1. The article mentions the name "E. Rissi". However, it is most likely Thobias Paulinus Rissi, as there is no PKI figure named "E. Rissi".

References

1. Sekretariat DPR-GR 1970, p. 643.
2. Departemen Penerangan 1961, p. 148.
3. Parlaungan 1956, p. 26.
4. "Para sardjana tjalon2 P.K.I.". Harian Rakjat. 23 September 1955.
5. Van Klinken 2014, p. 217.
6. "Toelatingsexamen K.E.S." De Indische Courant. 12 June 1936. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
7. "Bevordering Christelijke Mulo". Soerabaijasch Handelsblad. 28 June 1937. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
8. "A.S. Bestuursambtenaren". Het Dagblad. 10 September 1946. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
9. "Examens". De Maasbode. 4 November 1948. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
10. "Nagekomen examens". De Tijd. 10 July 1952. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
11. "Vereenigde Faculteiten". Leidsch Universiteitsblad. 13 (9): 13. 30 January 1948.
12. Kementerian Penerangan 1955, pp. 15, 198. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKementerian_Penerangan1955 (help)
13. "De gekozen leden van het nieuwe parlement". Algemeen Indisch Dagblad de Preangerbode. 2 March 1956. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
14. Sekretariat DPR-GR 1970, p. 614.
15. "Minister Ibrahim (IP-KI) geeft zijn mandaat terug". Indische Courant voor Nederland. 4 January 1957. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
16. "Minister van defensie hoogste militaire gezagsdrager". Java Bode. 28 May 1957. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
17. Lev 2009, p. 26.
18. "De regering bereidt haar antwoord voor Algemene beschouwingen in parlement geëindigd". Het Nieuwsblad voor Sumatra. 6 June 1957. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
19. "Delegatie PKI informeert naar arrestaties op Flores". Algemeen Indische Dagblad. 8 August 1957. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
20. Partai Komunis Indonesia 1956, p. 167-169.
21. Jajasan Pembaruan 1964, p. 47.
22. Toer 1995, p. 64.
23. Van Baal 1987, p. iv, ix.

Bibliography

• Van Baal, Jan (1987). Sejarah dan Pertumbuhan Teori Antropolig Budaya (Hingga Dekade 1970). Jakarta: PT Gramedia.
• Departemen Penerangan (1961). Almanak Lembaga-Lembaga Negara dan Kepartaian. Jakarta: Departemen Penerangan Republik Indonesia.
• Departemen Penerangan (1955). Tjalon-Tjalon Dewan Perwakilan Rakjat untuk Pemilihan Umum I 1955. Jakarta: Kementerian Penerangan.
• Departemen Penerangan (1956). Kumpulan Peraturan-Peraturan untuk Pemilihan Konstituante. Kementerian Penerangan.
• Jajasan Pembaruan (1964). Ekonomi dan Masjarakat. Jajasan Pembaruan.
• Lev, Daniel S. (2009). The Transition to Guided Democracy: Indonesian Politics 1957–1959. Singapura: Equinox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd. ISBN 978-602-8397-40-7.
• Partai Komunis Indonesia (1956). PKI dan Perwakilan. Vol. 1. Jakarta: Partai Komunis Indonesia.
• Parlaungan (1956). Hasil Rakjat Memilih Tokoh-tokoh Parlemen (Hasil Pemilihan Umum Pertama – 1955) di Republik Indonesia (PDF). Jakarta: C.V. Gita. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-07-28.
• Sekretariat DPR-GR (1970). Seperempat Abad Dewan Perwakilan Rakjat Republik Indonesia.
• Toer, Pramoedya Ananta (1995). Nyanyi Sunyi Seorang Bisu: Catatan-Catatan dari Pulau Buru. Vol. 1. Kuala Lumpur: Wira Karya. ISBN 978-983-99604-3-3.
• Van Klinken, Gerry (2014). The Making of Middle Indonesia: Middle Classes in Kupang Town, 1930s–1980s (PDF). Leiden: Brill. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-07-04.