Ivan Talovac

Ivan Talovac
Died	1445 Pakrac (?)
Nationality	Croatian, Hungarian
Other names	Joannes Talocz, Thallöczy
Occupation	prior of Vrana (1439-1445)

Ivan Talovac[1] (Hungarian: Tallóci János) was a 15th-century Croatian nobleman, a member of the Talovac noble family. He served as prior of Vrana from 1439 to 1445 (until his death), as the first governor of Pakrac[2] in Slavonia, and was a member of the Order of the Knights of Saint John.

Family

Ivan Talovac was a member of the Talovac family who were Hungarian vassals and an influential family in the Croatian region of Cetina.[3] He was of Croatian origin.[4] His brother was Matija or Matko Talovac, who served at the Serbian[5][6][7] court of Stefan Lazarević who was a Hungarian vassal at that time.[8]

Military officer

Talovac became castellan of Nándorfehérvár, then Hungarian-held modern-day Belgrade, in 1440 at the time his brother Matko served as Ban of Slavonia (from 1435).[9] His brother Franko Talovac (Hungarian: Frank Thallóczi alias de Ragusio) succeeded him in the position of castellan of Nándorfehérvár.[9] Another brother of him, Petar Talovac, was also Ban of Croatia.[10] It is possible that Talovac managed to achieve the position of the governor of Nándorfehérvár thanks to the connections of Talovac's family at the Hungarian court, besides his own merits.[11]

In 1440 Talovac was a successful military officer as the commander of Hungarian forces mostly consisting of local Serbs during the Ottoman siege of Belgrade.[11] Besides Talovac's forces (around 500 men) from Croatia, the garrison was enforced with Czech and Italian mercenaries who were archers. The local Serb population also assisted defenders[12] Ivan was not immediately aware of the size of the Ottoman forces and initially had intention to defeat them on the open battlefield. When he went out of the castle and realized that his forces are heavily outnumbered by the Ottomans, he retreated to the city.[12] During this battle rifles were used against the Ottomans for the first time in history by Talovac's forces.[13]

Later career

After 1441 Talovac was župan of the Dubica Župa.[14] In December 1442 he was mentioned as count of Cetina[15] in Croatia. Talovac was also the prior of Vrana, a very important position,^[according to whom?] in period between 1439 and 1445.[16] He was killed in a battle in 1445.[17]

References

1. "Talovac". Encyclopedia of the Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute, Zagreb. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
2. Vienac. Matica hrvatska. 1880. p. 259.
3. Pregled istorije jugoslovenskih naroda: Ot najstarijih vremena do 1848. Zavod za izdavanje Republike Scbije. 1960. p. 105.
4. "Talovci". Croatian Encyclopedia issued by the Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute, Zagreb. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
5. Kanitz, Felix Philipp (1904). Das königreich Serbien und das Serbenvolk. B. Meyer. p. 9. ...den ragusanischen Serben Jovan Talovac...
6. Stojković 1893, p. 30.
7. Paunović, Marinko (1968). Beograd: večiti grad. N.U. "Svetozar Marković,". p. 251. ... према Београду, којег је бранио дубровачки Србин Јован Таловац.
8. Elezović & Škrivanić 1956, p. 22.
9. Летопис Матице српске. У Српској народној задружној штампарији. 1913. p. 421.
10. Grubišić, Slavo (1976). Šibenik: spomen zbornik o 900. obljetnici. Muzej grada Šibenika. p. 148.
11. Čubrilović 1974, p. 176.
12. Klaić, Vjekoslav (1901). Povjest Hrvata: od najstarijih vremena do svršetka XIX. stoljeća. Tisak i naklada knjižare L. Hartmana (Kugli i Deutsch). p. 175.
13. Prosvjeta. Društvo hrvatskih književnika. 1908. p. 415. Tako je dakle Ivan Talovac mogao prvi upotiebiti puške u ratu s Turcima.
14. Zagrebu 1911, p. 56.
15. nauke, Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti. Razred za prirodne (1886). Rad: (1886-1887). Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti. p. 18.
16. Dobronić, Lelja (2002). Templari i ivanovci u Hrvatskoj. Dom i Svijet. p. 204. ISBN 978-953-6491-62-9.
17. "When Bishop János of Zagreb died in 1433, the Pope appointed Zoll, or Benedek Zolio, a Zagrebian canon, as his successor, but king Wladislaw did not want to agree to this, for his part, he transferred Bishop Csupor Demeter of Knin to Zagreb and until this controversial matter with the Pope  they put it in order, the bishop's Matej Talovac entrusted the management of livestock to the Croatian, Dalmatian and Lake District bans.  After this died in 1445, Benedict Zolio turned to Ulrich Celje to help him obtain the bishop's benefits, and he assigned a leader named Jan Vitowetz to Croatia, who, after fighting for St. George's Castle, defeated Jan Talovac of Vrana, who stood in his way, the heroic defender of Belgrade in 1440.  by Pakrac  [3] beating him, he killed him together with his army, and then occupied most of the country." Chron. der Grafen von Cilly, Hahn. II., 708. – Bonfinius VII., 337

Sources

• Čubrilović, Vasa (1974). Istorija Beograda: Stari, srednji i novi vek. Prosveta.
• Stojković, Sreten J. (1893). Na lepom srpskom Dunavu, od Beograda do Radujevca. Izdanje knjižare D. M. Corića.
• Поповић, Душан Ј (1964). Beograd kroz vekove. Туристичка штампа.
• Elezović, Gliša; Škrivanić, Gavro A. (1956). Kako su Turci posle više opsada zauzeli Beograd. Naučna knjiga.

• Sakcinski, Ivan (1886). Priorat Vranski sa Vitezi Templari i Hospitalci Sv. Ivana u Hrvatskoj. Tisak Dioničke Tiskare.

• Zagrebu, Hrvatsko archeološko društvo u (1911). Viestnik Hrvatskoga arheološkoga društva.