The university focuses on science, research, engineering, medicine and business, with an entrepreneurial culture.[9][10][11] The main campus is in South Kensington where most teaching and research takes place. A second campus in White City serves as a platform for innovation.[12] The college also operates teaching hospitals across London, forming an academic health science centre. It was previously a member of the University of London and became an independent university in 2007.[13] Imperial also has an international community, with over 60% international students and around 140 countries represented on campus.[14][15]
History
Prince Albert was the main patron of the early royal colleges and the development of an area of culture in South Kensington
In 1851, the Great Exhibition was organised as an exhibition of culture and industry by Henry Cole and by Prince Albert, husband of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom, Queen Victoria. An enormously popular and financial success, proceeds from the Great Exhibition were designated to develop an area for cultural and scientific advancement in South Kensington.[20] Within the next six years the Victoria and Albert Museum and Science Museum had opened, joined by new facilities in 1871 for the Royal College of Chemistry, and in 1881 the opening of the Royal School of Mines and Natural History Museum.[21]
At the start of the 20th century, there was a concern that Great Britain was falling behind Germany in scientific and technical education. A departmental committee was set up at the Board of Education in 1904, to look into the future of the Royal College of Science. A report released in 1906 called for the establishment of an institution unifying the Royal College of Science and the Royal School of Mines, as well as – if an agreement could be reached with the City and Guilds of London Institute – its Central Technical College.[24][25]
On 8 July 1907, Edward VII granted a Royal Charter establishing the Imperial College of Science and Technology. This incorporated the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science. It also made provisions for the City and Guilds College to join once conditions regarding its governance were met, as well as for Imperial to become a college of the University of London.[26] The college joined the University of London on 22 July 1908, with the City and Guilds College joining in 1910.[8][27] The main campus of Imperial College was constructed beside the buildings of the Imperial Institute, the new building for the Royal College of Science having opened across from it in 1906, and the foundation stone for the Royal School of Mines building being laid by King Edward VII in July 1909.[24]
As students at Imperial had to study separately for London degrees, in January 1919, students and alumni voted for a petition to make Imperial a university with its own degree awarding powers, independent of the University of London.[28][29] In response, the University of London changed its regulations in 1925 so that the courses taught only at Imperial would be examined by the university, enabling students to gain a Bachelor of Science.[30] In October 1945, George VI and Queen Elizabeth visited Imperial to commemorate the centenary of the Royal College of Chemistry, which was the oldest of the institutions that united to form Imperial College. "Commemoration Day", named after this visit, is held every October as the university's main graduation ceremony.[31][32] The college also acquired a biology field station at Silwood Park near Ascot, Berkshire in 1947[33]
Following World War II, there was again concern that Britain was falling behind in science – this time to the United States. The Percy Report of 1945 and Barlow Committee in 1946 called for a "British MIT"-equivalent, backed by influential scientists as politicians of the time, including Lord Cherwell, Sir Lawrence Bragg and Sir Edward Appleton.[34][35] The University Grants Committee strongly opposed however,[34] and so a compromise was reached in 1953, where Imperial would remain within the university, but double in size over the next ten years.[36][37] The expansion led to a number of new buildings being erected. These included the Hill building in 1957 and the Physics building in 1960, and the completion of the East Quadrangle, built in four stages between 1959 and 1965. The building work also meant the demolition of the City and Guilds College building in 1962–63, and the Imperial Institute's building by 1967.[38] Opposition from the Royal Fine Arts Commission and others meant that Queen's Tower was retained, with work carried out between 1966 and 1968 to make it free standing.[39] New laboratories for biochemistry, established with the support of a £350,000 grant from the Wolfson Foundation, were opened by the Queen in 1965.[40][41]
In 2003, Imperial was granted degree-awarding powers in its own right by the Privy Council. In 2004, the Imperial College Business School and a new main college entrance on Exhibition Road were opened.[44][45] The UK Energy Research Centre was also established in 2004 and opened its headquarters at Imperial. On 9 December 2005, Imperial announced that it would commence negotiations to secede from the University of London.[46] Imperial became fully independent of the University of London in July 2007.[13][47][48]
In 2003, The Guardian reported that one third of female academics at Imperial "believe[d] that discrimination or bullying by managers has held back their careers".[49] In 2012, Imperial gained an institutional Athena SWAN Silver Award, which recognises employment practices that are supportive of the careers of women in science.[50]
In 2007, concerns were raised about the methods that were being used to fire people in the Faculty of Medicine.[51][52] In 2014, Stefan Grimm, of the Department of Medicine, was found dead after being threatened with dismissal for failure to raise enough grant money.[53] His last email before his death accused his employers of bullying by demanding that he should get grants worth at least £200,000 per year.[54][55] The college announced an internal inquiry into Stefan Grimm's death, and found that the performance metrics for his position were unreasonable, with new metrics for performance being needed.[56]
In April 2011, Imperial and King's College London joined the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation as partners with a commitment of £40 million each to the project. The centre was later renamed the Francis Crick Institute and opened on 9 November 2016. It is the largest single biomedical laboratory in Europe. The college began moving into the new White City campus in 2016, with the launching of the Innovation Hub.[57] This was followed by the opening of the Molecular Sciences Research Hub for the Department of Chemistry, officially opened by Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan in 2019.[58]
The issue of bullying within the staff at Imperial resurfaced in November 2020 when Alex Sobel, the Labour MP for Leeds North West asked the Secretary of State for Education in a written question on 24 November what steps the Office for Students had taken in response to a report by Jane McNeill QC dated 25 August which found that bullying had taken place at Imperial under the President (Alice Gast) and the Chief Financial Officer. Michelle Donelan, the Conservative MP for Chippenham, responded for the Department for Education that "The Office for Students (OfS) is considering the information it has received in relation to this matter, in line with their normal processes. As is standard practice, the OfS cannot comment on individual cases".[59]
The college was accused of a cover-up by the Universities and Colleges Union in December 2020 when it refused to publish McNeill's report, even in redacted form. The Chair of Council said that the report was kept confidential to preserve the anonymity of people who gave evidence, that its recommendations had been accepted by the senior leadership team, and that these recommendations were being implemented in full. A disciplinary panel decided that Gast's dismissal as president was not warranted and spokesperson for the college said that she had "offered wholehearted apologies to those affected".[60] On 14 February 2021, it was announced that the OfS would formally investigate allegations of bullying.[61]
The campus has many restaurants and cafés run by the college, and contains much of the college's student accommodation, including the Prince's Garden Halls, and Beit Hall, home to the college union, which runs student pubs, a nightclub, and a cinema on site. To the north, within easy walking distance of the college, are Kensington Gardens and Hyde Park, with green spaces and sports facilities used by many of the student clubs.
Imperial has a new second major campus in White City providing a platform for innovation and entrepreneurship.[62] The hub houses research facilities, postgraduate accommodation, as well as a commercialisation space.[63][64] The campus is home to the Scale Space and incubator, Invention Rooms, a college hackerspace and community outreach centre.[65] The White City campus also includes another biomedical centre funded by Sir Michael Uren.[66][67][68]
Silwood Park
Silwood Park is a postgraduate campus of Imperial in the village of Sunninghill near Ascot in Berkshire. The Silwood Park campus is a centre for research and teaching in ecology, evolution, and conservation. It is set in 100 hectares of parkland used for ecological field experiments.
Hospitals
Imperial has teaching hospitals across London which are used by the School of Medicine for undergraduate clinical teaching and medical research. All are based around college-affiliated hospitals, and also provide catering and sport facilities. College libraries are located on each campus, including the Fleming library at St Mary's.[69]
Organisation and administration
Faculties and departments
Imperial is organised by four faculties: the Faculty of Engineering, the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, and the Imperial College Business School.[70]
Imperial hosts centres to promote inter-disciplinary work under the titles of Global Challenge institutes, Imperial Centres of Excellence and Imperial Networks of Excellence. It also participates as a partner in a number of national institutes.[71]
The Centre for Languages, Culture and Communication operates as Imperial College London's adult education centre, offering evening class courses in the arts, humanities, languages and sciences.[72] The university also houses two academic centres offering teaching to undergraduate and postgraduate students in subjects outside of science, technology and medicine. The academic centres are the:
The council is the governing body of Imperial. The council consists of the chairman, the president, the provost, the president of Imperial College Union, senior staff members, and advisory members. The president is the highest academic official and chief executive of Imperial College London.[73] The position has been held by Hugh Brady, since August 2022[update].[74] The current Provost is Ian Walmsley, and the current chair is John Allan.[75]
The college's endowment is sub-divided into three distinct portfolios:
Unitised Scheme – a unit trust vehicle for the college, Faculties and Departments to invest endowments and unfettered income to produce returns for the long term
Non-Core Property – a portfolio containing around 120 operational and developmental properties which the college has determined are not core to the academic mission
Strategic Asset Investments – containing the college's shareholding in Imperial Innovations and other restricted equity holdings.[76]
Imperial was ranked 1st in the U.K overall in rankings produced by Times Higher Education based upon the Research Excellence Framework results 2021.[81][82] In the 2021 Research Excellence Framework, 96.6% of Imperial's research is "world-leading" or "internationally excellent".[81][82] The REF found that 93% of Imperial's computer science research was world-leading, achieving the highest possible 4* score.[83]
The United States is the college's top collaborating foreign country, with more than 15,000 articles co-authored by Imperial and U.S.-based authors over the last ten years.[88] Imperial College has a long-term partnership with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, that dates from World War II.[77]
In January 2018, the mathematics department of Imperial and the French National Center for Scientific Research launched UMI Abraham de Moivre at Imperial, a joint research laboratory of mathematics focused on unsolved problems and bridging British and French scientific communities.[89] In October 2018, Imperial College launched the Imperial Cancer Research UK Center, a research collaboration that aims to find innovative ways to improve the precision of cancer treatments, inaugurated by Joe Biden as part of his Biden Cancer Initiative.[90][91]
Neil Ferguson's 16 March 2020 report entitled "Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand" was described in a New York Times article as the coronavirus "report that jarred the U.S. and the U.K. to action".[92][93] Since 18 May, Imperial College's Dr. Samir Bhatt has been advising the state of New York for its reopening plan.[94] The governor of New York, Andrew Cuomo, said at the time that "the Imperial College model, as we've been following this for weeks, was the best, most accurate model."[94]
Queen Elizabeth II opening the Alexander Fleming Building
In the academic year 2021/22, Imperial had an admissions rate of 11.1% for undergraduate admissions and 13.0% for postgraduate admissions: The ratio of applicants to admissions was 9:1 for undergraduates and 7.7:1 for postgraduates.[102] The university gave offers of admission to 30.1% of its undergraduate applicants in 2022, the 7th lowest offer rate across the country.[103] The undergraduate courses with the highest ratios of applicants to admissions were computing (19.2:1), mathematics (14.6:1) and mechanical engineering (11.2:1).[102]
The postgraduate courses with the highest ratios of applicants to admissions were computing (21:1), mathematics (17.9:1), and electrical engineering (14:1).[102] Imperial is among the most international universities in the United Kingdom,[104][105] with 50% of students from the UK, 16% of students from the EU, and 34% of students from outside the UK or EU.[104][106][107] The student body is 39% female and 61% male.[107] 36.5% of Imperial's undergraduates are privately educated, the fourth highest proportion amongst mainstream British universities.[105]
The Imperial Faculty of Medicine was formed through mergers between Imperial and the St Mary's, Charing Cross and Westminster, and Royal Postgraduate medical schools and has six teaching hospitals. It accepts more than 300 undergraduate medical students per year and has around 321 taught and 700 research full-time equivalent postgraduate students.
Imperial has cultivated an entrepreneurial culture by integrating business and finance disciplines across its science-focused curriculum. This approach is supported by the UK's largest mentoring system, inspired by MIT's model. The university's Enterprise Lab has a high 79 per cent survival rate for startups.[122] Reflecting this, the 2023 QS MBA Rankings by Career Specialisation in Entrepreneurship placed Imperial's MBA programme third in the world,[123] while the 2018 Reuters World's Most Innovative Universities ranking placed Imperial eighth in the world. [124]
Imperial's focus on entrepreneurship and industry placements, along with the subject mix taught, has led to high employability of its graduates. In 2024, Imperial was ranked first in the UK for highly skilled employment or further studies by the Complete University Guide,[125] the Guardian University Guide,[126] and the Times Good University Guide.[127] An analysis of Higher Education Statistics Agency salary data for 2021 found that Imperial graduates had the highest median salaries across all subjects of any UK university.[128]
Student life
Student body
For the 2019/20 academic year, Imperial had a total full-time student body of 19,400, consisting of 10,475 undergraduate students and 8,925 postgraduates.[129] 50.7% of the student body is from outside of the UK.[130] 32% of all full-time students came from outside the European Union in 2013–14,[131] and around 13% of the International students had Chinese nationality in 2007–08.[132] Imperial's male to female ratio for undergraduate students is uneven at approximately 64:36 overall,[132] and 5:1 or higher in some engineering courses. However, medicine has an approximate 1:1 ratio with biology degrees tending to be higher.[133]
Sports facilities at Imperial's London campuses include four gyms, including the main Ethos gym at the South Kensington Campus, two swimming pools and two sports halls.[137] Imperial has additional sports facilities at the Heston and Harlington sports grounds. On the South Kensington campus, there are a total of six music practice rooms which consist of upright pianos for usage by people of any grade, and grand pianos which are exclusively for people who have achieved Grade 8 or above.[138]
There are two student bars on the South Kensington campus, one at the Imperial College Union and one at Eastside.[139]
There are a number of pubs and bars on campus and also surrounding the campus, which become a popular social activity for Imperial's students. The Pewter tankard collection at Imperial College Union is the largest in Europe, with the majority of clubs and societies having tankards associated with their clubs.[140]
The weekly college farmer's market
Student media
Imperial College Radio
Imperial College Radio (ICRadio) was founded in November 1975 with the intention of broadcasting to the student halls of residence from a studio under Southside, actually commencing broadcasts in late 1976. It now broadcasts from the West Basement of Beit Quad over the internet.[141]
Imperial College TV
Imperial College TV (ICTV) is the university's TV station, founded in 1969 and operated from a small TV studio in the Electrical Engineering block. The department had bought an early AMPEXType A 1-inch videotape recorder and this was used to produce an occasional short news programme which was then played to students by simply moving the VTR and a monitor into a common room. A cable link to the Southside halls of residence was laid in a tunnel under Exhibition Road in 1972.
Felix Newspaper
Felix is weekly student newspaper, first released on 9 December 1949.[142] In addition to news, Felix also carries comic strips, features, opinions, puzzles and reviews, plus reports of trips and Imperial College sporting events.
Racing Green Endurance is a student-led project to demonstrate the potential of zero-emission cars.
Student societies
Imperial College Boat Club
The Imperial College Boat Club is the rowing club of Imperial and was founded on 12 December 1919. The college's boat house is located in Putney on the Thames, and has been refurbished, reopening in 2014.[143]
Beit HallPrince's Gardens surrounded by college halls of residence
Imperial's Exploration Board was established in 1957 to assist students with a desire for exploration. Trips have included Afghanistan, Alaska, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Fiji, the Himalayas, Iran, Morocco, Norway, Tanzania, Thailand, Ukraine, and the Yukon.[145]
Dramatic Society
The Imperial College Dramatic Society (DramSoc)[146] is one of two major theatrical arts societies, with the other being the Musical Theatre Society, and it was founded in 1912.[147] The society puts on three major plays each year, in addition to several smaller fringe productions. It is additionally one of the London-based dramatic societies to participate in the London Student Drama Festival,[148] and regularly attends the Edinburgh Fringe. DramSoc is responsible for the day-to-day maintenance of the Union's theatrical space, the Union Concert Hall.
The Techtonics
The Techtonics are an all-male a cappella group from Imperial College London, and are a part of the Imperial College A Cappella Society.[149] The group was formed in 2008, and has since risen to prominence in the world a cappella scene. The group is best known for winning the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella in 2016.[150]
Imperial College owns and manages twenty-three halls of residence in Inner London, Acton, and Ascot. Over three thousand rooms are available, guaranteeing first year undergraduates a place in College residences. The majority of halls offer single or twin accommodation with some rooms having en suite facilities. Bedrooms are provided with basic furniture and with access to shared kitchens and bathrooms. All rooms come with internet access and access to the Imperial network.[151] Most of them are considered among the newest student halls at London universities.
Most students in college or university accommodation are first-year undergraduates, as they are granted a room once they have selected Imperial as their firm offer with UCAS. The majority of older students and postgraduates find accommodation in the private sector, help for which is provided by the college private housing office. However a handful of students may continue to live in halls in later years if they take the position of a "hall senior", and places are available for a small number of returning students in the Evelyn Garden halls.[152] Some students also live in International Students House, London.
^Includes those who indicate that they identify as Asian, Black, Mixed Heritage, Arab or any other ethnicity except White.
^Calculated from the Polar4 measure, using Quintile1, in England and Wales. Calculated from the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) measure, using SIMD20, in Scotland.
^ abJean Bocock; Lewis Baston; Peter Scott; David Smith (2003). "American influence on British higher education: science, technology, and the problem of university expansion, 1945–1963". Minerva. 41 (4): 327–346. doi:10.1023/B:MINE.0000005154.25610.b2. JSTOR41821255. S2CID143347639.
^'KIBBLE, Sir Thomas (Walter Bannerman)', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2016; online edn, Nov 2016 accessed 2 April 2017
^"Pendry, Sir John (Brian), (Born 4 July 1943), Professor of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Imperial College London (Formerly Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of London), since 1981 (Head, Department of Physics, 1998–2001); Dean, Royal College of Science, 1993–96". Who's Who. 2007. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U30495. ISBN978-0-19-954089-1.
^'INGOLD, Sir Christopher (Keik)', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 2 April 2017
^'PERKIN, Sir William Henry', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2015; online edn, Feb 2015 accessed 2 April 2017
^'FRANKLAND, Sir Edward', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 2 April 2017
^'CROOKES, Prof. Sir William', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 2 April 2017
^"Fersht, Sir Alan (Roy), (born 21 April 1943), Herchel Smith Professor of Organic Chemistry, University of Cambridge, 1988–2010; Fellow, since 1988, and Master, 2012–18, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge; Hon. Director, Cambridge Centre for Protein Engineering (formerly MRC Unit for Protein Function and Design), 1989–2010; Emeritus Group Leader, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, since 2010". Who's Who. Oxford University Press. 1 December 2018. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U15668.
^"Phillips, Prof. David, (born 3 Dec. 1939), Professor of Physical Chemistry, 1989–2006, Hofmann Professor of Chemistry, 1999–2006, now Professor Emeritus, and Dean, Faculties of Life Sciences and Physical Sciences, 2002–06, Imperial College London". Who's Who. Oxford University Press. 1 December 2018. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U30743.
^'HOPKINS, Prof. Harold Horace', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 2 April 2017
^'WHITEHEAD, Alfred North', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 2 April 2017
^'FLEMING, Sir (John) Ambrose', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 2 April 2017
^'VOGEL, Hon. Sir Julius', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 2 April 2017
^'GANDHI, Rajiv', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 2 April 2017
^"Thomas, Prof. Huw Jeremy Wyndham, (Born 25 Feb. 1958), Consultant Physician and Gastroenterologist, St Mary's Hospital, London, since 1994; Professor of Gastrointestinal Genetics, Imperial College London, since 2007; Physician to the Queen and Head of HM Medical Household, since 2014". Who's Who. 2014. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U282180. ISBN978-0-19-954089-1.
^"Bannister, Sir Roger (Gilbert), (Born 23 March 1929), Master of Pembroke College, Oxford, 1985–93; Hon. Consultant Physician, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, WC1 (Formerly Consultant Physician, National Hospital for Nervous Diseases), 1963–96; Hon. Consultant Neurologist: St Mary's Hospital and Western Ophthalmic Hospital, W2 (Formerly Consultant Neurologist); Oxford Regional and District Health Authorities, 1985–95". Who's Who. 2007. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U6405. ISBN978-0-19-954089-1.
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NinoNino pada tahun 2019LahirAnindyo Baskoro21 November 1987 (umur 36)Jakarta, IndonesiaNama lainNino KayamPekerjaanMusisipenyanyipenulis laguproduserpenyiar radioTahun aktif2006–sekarangKeluargaUmar Kayam (kakek)Karier musikGenrePopInstrumenVokalLabelUniversalArtis terkaitRANLaleilmanino Anindyo Baskoro yang dikenal secara mononim sebagai Nino (lahir 21 November 1987) adalah seorang penyanyi, penulis lagu dan produser rekaman berkebangsaan Indonesia. Nino mengawali karier di in…
Member of the IRA Séamus McElwaineSéamus McElwaine mug shot (1983)Born1 April 1960County Monaghan, Republic of IrelandDied26 April 1986 (aged 26)Roslea, Northern IrelandOccupationProvisional IRA VolunteerKnown forProvisional Irish Republican Army, Maze Prison escapeMilitary careerAllegianceIrish RepublicService/branchIrish Republican ArmyRankCommanderUnitSouth Fermanagh Brigade Séamus Turlough McElwaine (also spelt Seamus McElwain; 1 April 1960 – 26 April 1986[1]) was a volunte…
The Good EarthPoster film asliSutradaraSidney FranklinProduserIrving ThalbergSkenarioTalbot JenningsTess SlesingerClaudine WestBerdasarkanthe noveloleh Pearl S. Buckdiadaptasi untuk drama olehOwen Davisdan Donald DavisPemeranPaul Munidan Luise RainerPenata musikHerbert StothartEdward Ward (tak disebutkan)SinematograferKarl Freund, A.S.C.PenyuntingBasil WrangellDistributorMetro-Goldwyn-MayerTanggal rilis 29 Januari 1937 (1937-01-29) (Amerika Serikat) [1]Durasi138 menitNegar…
Soedjono AJ Wali Kota Samarinda ke-1Masa jabatan1960 – 1961PendahuluJabatan baruPenggantiNgoedioWali Kota Yogyakarta ke-3Masa jabatan1966 – 1975PendahuluSoedarisman PoerwokoesoemoPenggantiH. Ahmad Informasi pribadiProfesiTentara, PolitikusKarier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang TNI Angkatan DaratPangkat KaptenNRP11501Sunting kotak info • L • B Kapten TNI (Purn.) Soedjono Anton Yoedhotedjoprawiro,[1] biasa disingkat Soedjono A.J. atau A.Y…