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IEC 62443IEC 62443 is a series of standards that address security for operational technology in automation and control systems. The series is divided into different sections and describes both technical and process-related aspects of automation and control systems security. HistoryIn 2002, the International Society of Automation (ISA), a professional automation engineering society and ANSI-accredited standards development organization (SDO) established a standards committee (ISA99). This committee developed a multi-part series of standards and technical reports addressing the cybersecurity of Automation and Control Systems. These standards were initially published as ANSI/ISA-99 or ISA99 standards. Around 2010, ISA99 strengthened its relationship with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), leading to the renaming of the standards to ANSI/ISA-62443. The available content was submitted to and used by IEC working groups. Since then, the series has been commonly referred to as IEC 62443. Meanwhile, the German engineering associations VDI and VDE released the VDI/VDE 2182 guidelines in 2011. The guidelines describe how to handle information security in industrial automation environments and were also submitted to and used by the IEC working groups. Current SituationThe IEC 62443 series of standards is maintained by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee 65 Working Group 10 (IEC TC65 WG10). The IEC working group and ISA99 committee continue to collaborate, creating joint leadership and project teams to develop the standards in the IEC 62443 series. Their collaboration integrates the processes and procedures of both ISA and IEC Directives, ensuring alignment in the development process. The resulting standards are published by ISA as ANSI/ISA 62443 in the United States and by IEC as IEC 62443 internationally. For any given part of the series, the technical content of the ISA and IEC editions is identical where both organizations have accepted the content. Relationship between IEC and ISAThe relationship between IEC and ISA in the development of the IEC 62443 series is characterized by complementary roles. IEC serves as the global standardization body responsible for publishing and maintaining the IEC 62443 series, while ISA contributes significant technical expertise, industry insight, and foundational drafts through its ISA99 committee. ISA primarily focuses on the U.S. market and publishes standards under the ANSI/ISA 62443 designation. IEC, on the other hand, ensures global adoption and harmonization of the standards as IEC 62443. While both organizations collaborate on the majority of standards, they retain the independence to develop and publish standards separately when consensus cannot be reached. For example, IEC developed and published IEC 62443-6-1[1] independently without ISA involvement. Industry ApplicationThe IEC has approved the IEC 62443 family of standards as 'horizontal standards'. This means that when sector specific standards for operational technology are being developed by subject matter experts, the IEC 62443 standards must be used at the foundation for requirements addressing security in those standards. This approach serves to avoid the proliferation of partial and/or conflicting requirements for addressing security of automation and control systems across industry sectors where the same or similar technology or products are deployed at operating sites. StructureIEC 62443 Industrial communication networks - Network and system security series of standards consists of several parts, which are divided into six areas:
The following table lists the parts of the IEC 62443 series of standards published to date with their status and title.
Developments and ActivitiesThe standards in the IEC 62443 series of standards evolve constantly. According to IEC guidelines, all published standards will be periodically reviewed and either be confirmed to be current, updated (resulting in a new edition), or withdrawn.In addition, several parts of the series are under development,[12] including new editions of:
Foundational ConceptsThere are several concepts that form the foundation of the IEC 62443 series. Principal RolesStandards in the series addresses the implications for several principal roles, including:
The different roles each follow a risk-based approach to prevent and manage security risks in their activities. Maturity LevelThe standards describe different maturity levels for processes through so-called "maturity levels". To fulfill a certain level of a maturity level, all process-related requirements must always be practiced during product development or integration, i.e. the selection of only individual criteria ("cherry picking") is not standard-compliant. The maturity levels are described as follows:
Security LevelTechnical requirements for systems (IEC 62443-3-3) and products (IEC 62443-4-2) are evaluated in the standard by four so-called Security Levels (SL). The different levels indicate the resistance against different classes of attackers. The standard emphasizes that the levels should be evaluated per technical requirement (see IEC 62443-1-1) and are not suitable for the general classification of products. The levels are:
System SegmentationApplication of this concept involves grouping the systems and components of the automation and control system into a set of zones and conduits. Zones divide a system into homogeneous zones by grouping the (logical or physical) assets with common security requirements. The security requirements are defined by Security Level (SL). The level required for a zone is determined by the risk analysis. Zones have boundaries that separate the elements inside the zone from those outside. Information moves within and between zones. Zones can be divided into sub-zones that define different security levels (Security Level) and thus enable defense-in-depth. Conduits group the elements that allow communication between two zones. They provide security functions that enable secure communication and allow the coexistence of zones with different security levels. Conformance certificationProcesses, systems and products used in automation and control environments can be certified as conforming to IEC 62443. Many testing, inspection, and certification (TIC) companies offer product and process certifications based on IEC 62443. By accrediting according to the ISO/IEC 17000 series of standards, the companies share a single, consistent set of requirements for IEC 62443 certifications which elevates the usefulness of the resulting certificates of conformance. Accredited certification schemesIEC 62443 certification schemes have been established by several global testing, inspection, and certification (TIC) companies. The schemes are based on the referenced standards and define test methods, surveillance audit policies, public documentation policies, and other specific aspects of their program. Security certification programs for IEC 62443 standards are being offered globally by many recognized Certification Bodies (CB), including Bureau Veritas, Intertek, SGS-TÜV Saar, TÜV Nord, TÜV Rheinland, TÜV SÜD and UL. A global infrastructure of national accreditation bodies (AB) ensures consistent evaluation of the IEC 62443. The ABs operate per the requirements of ISO/IEC 17011, a standard that contains requirements for the competence, consistency, and impartiality of accreditation bodies when accrediting conformity assessment bodies. ABs are members of the IAF for work in management systems, products, services, and personnel accreditation or the ILAC for laboratory accreditation. A Multilateral Recognition Arrangement (MLA) between ABs will ensure global recognition of accredited CBs. TIC companies are accredited by an AB to provide inspection according to the ISO/IEC 17020, testing laboratories according to ISO/IEC 17025 and certification of products, processes, and services according to ISO/IEC 17065. IECEE CB SchemeThe IEC System for Conformity Assessment Schemes for Electrotechnical Equipment and Components (IECEE) Certification Body Scheme (CB Scheme) is a multilateral agreement that facilitates market access for manufacturers of electrical and electronic products. Under the CB Scheme processes, products and systems can be certified according to IEC 62443. The origin of the CB Scheme comes from the CEE (former European "Commission for Conformity Testing of Electrical Equipment") and was integrated into the IEC in 1985. Currently, 54 Member Bodies are in the IECEE, 88 NCBs (National Certification Bodies), and 534 CB Test Laboratories (CBTL). In the field of product certification, this procedure is used to reduce the complexity in the approval procedure for manufacturers of products tested and certified according to harmonized standards. A product that has been tested by a CBTL (certified testing laboratory) according to a harmonized standard such as the IEC 62443, can use the CB report as a basis for a later national certification and approval such as GS, PSE, CCC, NOM, GOST/R, BSMI. ISCI ISASecureThe ISA Security Compliance Institute (ISCI), a wholly owned subsidiary of the ISA, created an industry consensus conformity assessment scheme that certifies to the IEC 62443 standards and operates under the ISASecure brand. This scheme is used to certify automation control systems, components and processes. ISASecure certifications were expanded to include the Industrial IOT component certification (ICSA) in December 2022. Certification Bodies in the ISASecure certification scheme are independently accredited by ISO 17011 Accreditation Bodies to the ISASecure technical readiness requirements and the ISO 17025 and ISO 17065 standards. Multilateral recognition agreements under the IAF ensure that the ISASecure certifications are mutually recognized by all global IAF signatories. The ISCI offers multiple certifications under the ISASecure brand:
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